数据结构及算法--线性表

顺序线性表

三个基本属性

• 存储空间的起始位置data

• 线性表的最大存储量maxSize

• 线性表的当前长度length

Python实现

# Python 2.7

class seqList(object):

    # 初始化
    def __init__(self, maxSize):
        self.data = [None] * maxSize
        self.maxSize = maxSize
        self.length = 0
        
    # 获取顺序表长度  
    def getLength(self):
        return self.length
        
    # 清空顺序表   
    def clear(self):
        for i in range(self.length):
            self.data[i] = None
        self.length = 0
    
    # 是否为空
    def is_empty(self):
        if self.length == 0:
            return True
        else:
            return False
            
    # 是否满
    def is_full(self):
        if self.length == self.maxSize:
            return True
        else:
            return False
            
    # 根据索引获得数据
    def get_elem(self, index):
        if self.is_empty():
            print 'seqList is empty!'
        if index < 0 or index > self.length - 1:
            print 'position is error!'
        else:
            return self.data[index]
            
    # 根据数据获得索引
    def locate_elem(self, elem):
        if self.is_empty():
            print 'seqList is empty!'
        else:
            for i in range(self.length):
                if self.data[i] == elem:
                    return i
            
    # 追加数据
    def append(self, elem):
        if self.is_full():
            print 'seqList is full!'
        else:
            self.data[self.length] = elem
            self.length += 1
            
    # 插入数据
    def insert(self, index, elem):
        if self.is_full():
            print 'seqList is full!'
        else:
            i = self.length
            for item in self.data[self.length-1:index-1:-1]:
                self.data[i] = item
                i -= 1
            self.data[index] = elem
            self.length += 1
            
    # 删除元素
    def delete(self, index):
        if self.is_empty():
            print 'seqList is empty!'
        else:
            if index < 0 or index > self.length-1:
                print 'Position is error!'
            else:
                for item in self.data[index+1:self.length]:
                    self.data[index] = item
                    index += 1
                self.data[index] = None
        self.length -= 1
                  

链式线性表

节点的基本属性

• 数据域data

• 后继指针next

链表的基本属性

• 头结点

• 链表的长度

Python实现

# Python 2.7

# 节点
class Node(object):
    def __init__(self, data, next=None):
        self.data = data
        self.next = next
        
# 链表
class lkList(object):
    
    # 初始化
    def __init__(self):
        self.head = Node(None)
        self.length = 0
        
    # 是否为空
    def is_empty(self):
        if self.length == 0:
            return True
        else:
            return False
    
    # 获取链表长度
    def getLength(self):
        return self.length
        
    # 插入元素
    def insert(self, index, elem):
        p = self.head
        if index < 0 or index > self.length-1:
            print 'Position is error!'
        else:
            for i in range(index):
                p = p.next
            node = Node(elem, p.next)
            p.next = node
            self.length += 1
            
    # 追加元素
    def append(self, elem):
        p = self.head
        for i in range(self.length):
            p = p.next
        node = Node(elem)
        p.next = node
        self.length += 1
    
    # 清空链表
    def clear(self):
        p = self.head
        p.next = None
        self.length = 0
        
    # 删除元素
    def delete(self, index):
        if self.is_empty():
            print 'lkList is empty!'
        else:
            if index < 0 or index > self.length-1:
                print 'Position is error!'
            else:
                p = self.head
                for i in range(index):
                    p = p.next
                q = p.next
                p.next = q.next
                self.length -= 1
            
    # 获取元素
    def get_elem(self, index):
        if self.is_empty():
            print 'lkList is empty!'
        else:
            if index < 0 or index > self.length-1:
                print 'Position is error!'
            else:
                p = self.head
                for i in range(index):
                    p = p.next
                return p.next.data
                
                
    # 查找某值的位置
    def locate_elem(self, elem):
        if self.is_empty():
            print 'lkList is empty!'
        else:
            p = self.head
            flag = False # 是否存在该值
            for i in range(self.length):
                p = p.next
                if p.data == elem:
                    flag = True
                    return i
            if not flag:
                print 'elem not in lkList!'
                
    # 构建链表
    def create(self, dataList):
        p = self.head
        for item in dataList:
            node = Node(item)
            p.next = node
            p = p.next
            self.length += 1
            
    # 展示链表
    def show(self):
        if self.is_empty():
            print 'lkList is empty!'
        else:
            p = self.head
            for i in range(self.length):
                p = p.next
                print p.data