spring IOC 是一个管理Bean对象生命周期的容器,spring IOC容器对Bean的管理分为几个过程:
1、通过构造器或工厂方法创建bean的实例
2、为bean设置属性值以及对其他bean的引用
3、调用bean的初始化方法
4、bean可以被IOC 容器提供给其他需要的操作
5、IOC容器关闭时,调用bean的销毁方法
通过new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String configLocation) 的方式创建spring IOC容器的大致过程代码如下:
/**
* Create a new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext, loading the definitions
* from the given XML file and automatically refreshing the context.
* @param configLocation resource location
* @throws BeansException if context creation failed
*/
public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String configLocation) throws BeansException {
this(new String[] {configLocation}, true, null);
}
configLocation 表示xml配置文件的位置
public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
String[] configLocations, boolean refresh, @Nullable ApplicationContext parent)
throws BeansException {
super(parent);
setConfigLocations(configLocations);
if (refresh) {
refresh();
}
}
refresh()是创建IOC容器的核心方法
public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {
// Prepare this context for refreshing.
prepareRefresh();
// Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.
ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();
// Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.
prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);
try {
// Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.
postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);
// Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.
invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.
registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);
// Initialize message source for this context.
initMessageSource();
// Initialize event multicaster for this context.
initApplicationEventMulticaster();
// Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.
onRefresh();
// Check for listener beans and register them.
registerListeners();
// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);
// Last step: publish corresponding event.
finishRefresh();
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("Exception encountered during context initialization - " +
"cancelling refresh attempt: " + ex);
}
// Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.
destroyBeans();
// Reset 'active' flag.
cancelRefresh(ex);
// Propagate exception to caller.
throw ex;
}
finally {
// Reset common introspection caches in Spring's core, since we
// might not ever need metadata for singleton beans anymore...
resetCommonCaches();
}
}
}
refresh()完成了创建beanFactory、注入beanFactory ,完成beanFactory 初始化等一系列操作,最终使得IOC达到可以向外界提供bean的功能
spring环境所需jar包
配置xml文件(应用上下文)
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd ">
</beans>
通过 bean 节点来配置 bean
<bean id="" class="" init-method="" destroy-method="" lazy-init="" scope="">
<constructor-arg name="" ref="" value=""></constructor-arg>
<property name="" ref="" value=""></property>
</bean>
说明:
1、id 值在 IOC 容器中必须是唯一的,若 id 没有指定,Spring 自动将定性类名作为 Bean 的名字
2、class属性值为类全名
3、设置 init-method 和 destroy-method 属性, 为 Bean 指定初始化和销毁方法
4、lazy-init=“true”来延迟初始化bean
5、scope 属性设置 Bean 的作用域:
作用域 | 说明 |
Singleton | Spring IoC容器中一个bean定义只有一个对象实例。默认情况下会在容器启动时初始化bean,但我们可以指定Bean节点的lazy-init=“true”来延迟初始化bean,这时候,只有第一次获取bean会才初始化bean。 |
Prototype | 每次从容器获取bean都是新的对象。 |
Request | 每次HTTP请求都会创建一个新的Bean,该作用域只适用于WebApplicationContext环境。 |
Session | 类似Request,每次有新的会话都会创建一个新的Bean,该作用域只适用于WebApplicationContext环境。 |
6、构造器注入在 <constructor-arg> 元素里声明属性,ref=''''是对引用数据类型的引用,value=""是用来给bean赋值
7、属性注入使用 <property> 元素, 使用 name 属性指定 Bean 的属性名称,value 属性或 <value> 子节点指定属性值