django创建项目（包含设置跨域）

一，创建项目（如d1）以及应用（如a1

django-admin startproject d1
cd d1
python manage.py startapp a1

二，解决跨域

首先安装一个第三方库

pip install django-cors-headers

接着在项目的settings.py文件中，按照下面的文本进行修改或者删除：

"""
Django settings for d1 project.

Generated by 'django-admin startproject' using Django 4.2.15.

For more information on this file, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/topics/settings/

For the full list of settings and their values, see
https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/ref/settings/
"""

from pathlib import Path

# Build paths inside the project like this: BASE_DIR / 'subdir'.
BASE_DIR = Path(__file__).resolve().parent.parent


# Quick-start development settings - unsuitable for production
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/howto/deployment/checklist/

# SECURITY WARNING: keep the secret key used in production secret!
SECRET_KEY = "django-insecure-_m6rp7oy8ig+^$_nwyy(r36nh3xg+#t!+nk&1+u(#b=jwz_6r*"

# SECURITY WARNING: don't run with debug turned on in production!
DEBUG = True

# -----------------变动1---------------------
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*'] # 这里修改
# -----------------变动1---------------------

# Application definition

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    "django.contrib.admin",
    "django.contrib.auth",
    "django.contrib.contenttypes",
    "django.contrib.sessions",
    "django.contrib.messages",
    "django.contrib.staticfiles",

    # ------------------变动2--------------------------
    "corsheaders",  # 添加这里
    # ------------------变动2--------------------------

]

MIDDLEWARE = [
    # ------------------变动3--------------------------
    'corsheaders.middleware.CorsMiddleware',  # 添加这里
    'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',  # 添加这里
    # ------------------变动3--------------------------

    "django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware",
    # ------------------变动4--------------------------
    # "django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware",# 注释这一行
    # ------------------变动4--------------------------

    "django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware",
    "django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware",
    "django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware",
]

# ------------------变动5--------------------------
# ------最后添加从这里开始
CORS_ORIGIN_ALLOW_ALL = True
CORS_ALLOW_METHODS = (
    'DELETE',
    'GET',
    'OPTIONS',
    'PATCH',
    'POST',
    'PUT',
    'VIEW',
)
CORS_ALLOW_HEADERS = (
    'authorization',
    'content-type',
)
# 到这里结束
# ------------------变动5--------------------------

ROOT_URLCONF = "d1.urls"

TEMPLATES = [
    {
        "BACKEND": "django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates",
        "DIRS": [],
        "APP_DIRS": True,
        "OPTIONS": {
            "context_processors": [
                "django.template.context_processors.debug",
                "django.template.context_processors.request",
                "django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth",
                "django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages",
            ],
        },
    },
]

WSGI_APPLICATION = "d1.wsgi.application"


# Database
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/ref/settings/#databases

DATABASES = {
    "default": {
        "ENGINE": "django.db.backends.sqlite3",
        "NAME": BASE_DIR / "db.sqlite3",
    }
}


# Password validation
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/ref/settings/#auth-password-validators

AUTH_PASSWORD_VALIDATORS = [
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.UserAttributeSimilarityValidator",
    },
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.MinimumLengthValidator",
    },
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.CommonPasswordValidator",
    },
    {
        "NAME": "django.contrib.auth.password_validation.NumericPasswordValidator",
    },
]


# Internationalization
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/topics/i18n/

LANGUAGE_CODE = "en-us"

TIME_ZONE = "UTC"

USE_I18N = True

USE_TZ = True


# Static files (CSS, JavaScript, Images)
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/howto/static-files/

STATIC_URL = "static/"

# Default primary key field type
# https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.2/ref/settings/#default-auto-field

DEFAULT_AUTO_FIELD = "django.db.models.BigAutoField"

三，写接口

一般写接口的第一步是在views.py中写函数，如下：

from django.http import JsonResponse


def check_account(request):
    return JsonResponse({'state': '0', 'msg': "hello world"})

接着为了让这个接口生效，需要在urls.py中引用这个函数，如下：（f1和check_account函数是一一对应的关系，当然也可以是f2，f3等）

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path
import a1.views

urlpatterns = [
    path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
    path("f1", a1.views.check_account),
]

这压根以来，通过“python .\manage.py runserver”启动项目后，浏览器输入“http://127.0.0.1:8000/f1”后即可得到返回的json对象

四，分app管理

这里推荐一个app有自己的urls.py,用来存放该app的接口，于是在a1文件夹下创建一个urls.py，写入如下：

from django.urls import path
import a1.views

urlpatterns = [
    path("f1", a1.views.check_account),
]

接着让a1/urls.py连接上d1/urls.py，在d1/urls.py中写入：

from django.contrib import admin
from django.urls import path, include

urlpatterns = [
    path("admin/", admin.site.urls),
    path("a1/", include('a1.urls'))
]

到这里，就完成了分app管理的操作。总结一下这个操作与之前不分app操作的区别，主要是之前访问的json数据通过“http://127.0.0.1:8000/f1”，现在通过“http://127.0.0.1:8000/a1/f1”来访问；之后再加上接口，也是需要在a1/urls.py中写入即可