QT Udp广播实现设备发现

测试环境

本文选用pc1作为客户端，pc2，以及一台虚拟机作为服务端。

• pc1,pc2(客户端）:
  
• 虚拟机（服务端)：
  

客户端

• 原理：客户端通过发送广播消息信息到ip:255.255.255.255(QHostAddress::Broadcast),局域网内的所有设备收到该消息回复客户端即可。客户端通过收到的回复统计当前有哪些设备在线。
• 获取到本地的IP，getLocalIP函数获取到过滤了虚拟机网卡以及本地回环网卡后的ip地址。
  

#include "udpclient.h"
#include <QDebug>
#include <QHostInfo>
#include <QNetworkInterface>
#include <iostream>

udpClient::udpClient(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent)
{
    QString localIp = getLocalIP();
    udpSocket = new QUdpSocket;
    udpSocket->bind(QHostAddress(localIp),2001);
    connect(udpSocket,&QUdpSocket::readyRead,this,&udpClient::processData);

}

QString udpClient::getLocalIP() {
    QList<QNetworkInterface> interfaces = QNetworkInterface::allInterfaces();
    foreach (const QNetworkInterface &interface, interfaces) {
       QList<QNetworkAddressEntry> entries = interface.addressEntries();
       qDebug()<<"name:"<<interface.humanReadableName()<<endl;
       if(interface.humanReadableName().contains("Loopback") ||
          interface.humanReadableName().contains("VMware Network Adapter"))
       {
           continue;
       }
       foreach (const QNetworkAddressEntry &entry, entries) {
           if (entry.ip().protocol() == QAbstractSocket::IPv4Protocol) {
               qDebug() << "Local IP Address: " << entry.ip().toString()<< endl;
           }
       }
    }
    return QString();
}

udpClient::~udpClient()
{
    if(udpSocket)
    {
        delete udpSocket;
    }
}

void udpClient::sendBroadCast()
{
    QByteArray datagram = "Device Discovery";
    udpSocket->writeDatagram(datagram,QHostAddress::Broadcast,8888);
}


void udpClient::processData()
{
    while(udpSocket->hasPendingDatagrams())
    {
        QByteArray datagram;
        datagram.resize(udpSocket->pendingDatagramSize());
        QHostAddress sender;
        quint16 senderPort;

        udpSocket->readDatagram(datagram.data(), datagram.size(), &sender, &senderPort);
        qDebug() << "Received response from: " << sender.toString()<<"port:"<<senderPort << endl;
    }
}

服务端

#include "udpserver.h"
#include <iostream>


udpServer::udpServer(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent)
{
    udpSocket = new QUdpSocket(this);
    udpSocket->bind(QHostAddress::Any, 8888);

    connect(udpSocket, &QUdpSocket::readyRead, this, &udpServer::processPendingDatagrams);

}

void udpServer::processPendingDatagrams()
{
    while (udpSocket->hasPendingDatagrams()) {
        QByteArray datagram;
        datagram.resize(udpSocket->pendingDatagramSize());
        QHostAddress sender;
        quint16 senderPort;

        udpSocket->readDatagram(datagram.data(), datagram.size(), &sender, &senderPort);
        std::cout << "Received discovery message: " << datagram.data() << std::endl;

        QByteArray response = "Device Found";
        udpSocket->writeDatagram(response, sender, senderPort);
    }
}

输出效果

优化

• 对客户端增加定时器，同时将客户端对象移动到一个线程中，这样就可以定时轮询设备发现了。

#include "udpclient.h"
#include <QDebug>
#include <QHostInfo>
#include <QNetworkInterface>
#include <iostream>
#include <QTimer>
#include <QThread>

udpClient::udpClient(QObject *parent) : QObject(parent)
{
    qDebug()<<"thread id1:"<<QThread::currentThreadId()<<endl;
}

void udpClient::createSocket()
{
    qDebug()<<"thread id2:"<<QThread::currentThreadId()<<endl;
    QString localIp = getLocalIP();
    udpSocket = new QUdpSocket;
    udpSocket->bind(QHostAddress(localIp),2001);
    connect(udpSocket,&QUdpSocket::readyRead,this,&udpClient::processData);
}

QString udpClient::getLocalIP() {
    QList<QNetworkInterface> interfaces = QNetworkInterface::allInterfaces();
    foreach (const QNetworkInterface &interface, interfaces) {
       QList<QNetworkAddressEntry> entries = interface.addressEntries();
       qDebug()<<"name:"<<interface.humanReadableName()<<endl;
       if(interface.humanReadableName().contains("Loopback") ||
          interface.humanReadableName().contains("VMware Network Adapter"))
       {
           continue;
       }
       foreach (const QNetworkAddressEntry &entry, entries) {
           if (entry.ip().protocol() == QAbstractSocket::IPv4Protocol) {
               qDebug() << "Local IP Address: " << entry.ip().toString()<< endl;
           }
       }
    }
    return QString();
}

udpClient::~udpClient()
{
    if(udpSocket)
    {
        delete udpSocket;
    }
}

void udpClient::sendBroadCast()
{
    QByteArray datagram = "Device Discovery";
    udpSocket->writeDatagram(datagram,QHostAddress::Broadcast,8888);
    qDebug()<<"sendBroadCast,thread id:"<<QThread::currentThreadId()<<endl;
}


void udpClient::processData()
{
    while(udpSocket->hasPendingDatagrams())
    {
        QByteArray datagram;
        datagram.resize(udpSocket->pendingDatagramSize());
        QHostAddress sender;
        quint16 senderPort;

        udpSocket->readDatagram(datagram.data(), datagram.size(), &sender, &senderPort);
        result.push_back(IpInfo(sender.toString(),senderPort));
        qDebug() << "Received response from: " << sender.toString()<<"port:"<<senderPort << endl;
    }
}

void tcpConnect(QString& ip, quint16 port)
{

}

#include "widget.h"
#include "ui_widget.h"
#include <QTimer>
#include <QEventLoop>

Widget::Widget(QWidget *parent)
    : QWidget(parent)
    , ui(new Ui::Widget)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
    client = new udpClient;
    connect(ui->pushButton,&QPushButton::clicked,client,&udpClient::sendBroadCast);
    thread = new QThread;
    connect(thread,&QThread::finished,client,&QObject::deleteLater);
    connect(thread,&QThread::started,client,&udpClient::createSocket);

    client->moveToThread(thread);

    timer = new QTimer(this);
    connect(timer,&QTimer::timeout,client,&udpClient::sendBroadCast);
    timer->setInterval(500);
    thread->start();
//    QEventLoop loop;
//    QTimer::singleShot(500,&loop,&QEventLoop::quit);
//    loop.exec();
    timer->start();
    qDebug()<<"thread id:"<<QThread::currentThreadId()<<endl;
}

Widget::~Widget()
{
    delete ui;
    thread->quit();
    thread->wait();
    delete thread;
    thread=nullptr;
}