C# Unity依赖注入

本文主要介绍Unity实现依赖注入的步骤，不涉及实现原理

unity框架下载

实体类

namespace WebApi.Models
{
    public class User
    {
        public int UserId { get; set; }
        public string UserName { get; set; }
        public string Password { get; set; }
    }
}

接口

namespace WebApi.Unity.Interface
{
    public interface IUserService
    {
        List<User> GetUsers();
    }
}

实现类

namespace WebApi.Unity.Service
{
    public class UserService : IUserService
    {

        public List<User> GetUsers()
        {
            return new List<User>
            {
                new User
                {
                    UserId = 1,
                    UserName = "Test",
                    Password = "Test",
                },
                new User
                {
                    UserId = 2,
                    UserName = "Test2",
                    Password = "Test2",
                },
                new User
                {
                    UserId = 3,
                    UserName= "Test3",
                    Password = "Test3"
                }
            };
        }
    }
}

配置文件（项目下新建CfgFiles文件夹，添加Unity.config配置文件）

其中ContainerAOP为容器名字，可自定义

register为映射关系，type为对象的名称,mapTo为注入对象的名称 写法为用逗号隔开两部分，一是类的全部，包括命名空间，二是程序集名称

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
	<configSections>
		<section name="unity" type="Microsoft.Practices.Unity.Configuration.UnityConfigurationSection,Unity.Configuration"/>
	</configSections>
	<unity xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/practces/2010/unity">
		<containers>
			<container name="ContainerAOP">
				<register type="WebApi.Unity.Context.DbContext,WebApi" 
						  mapTo="WebApi.Unity.Context.UserDbContext,WebApi"/>
				<register type="WebApi.Unity.Interface.IUserService,WebApi"
						  mapTo="WebApi.Unity.Service.UserService,WebApi"/>
			</container>
		</containers>
	</unity>
</configuration>

容器工厂

其中fileMap.ExeConfigFilename获取配置文件的路径，代码对应的配置文件位置为

 其中section.Configure(_Container, "ContainerAOP");第二个参数为配置文件中的容器名称

namespace WebApi.Unity
{
    public class UnityContainerFactory
    {
        private static IUnityContainer _Container= null;
        static UnityContainerFactory()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("*************************UnityContainer********************");
            ExeConfigurationFileMap fileMap = new ExeConfigurationFileMap();
            fileMap.ExeConfigFilename = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory + "CfgFiles\\Unity.Config");//找配置文件的路径
            Configuration configuration = ConfigurationManager.OpenMappedExeConfiguration(fileMap, ConfigurationUserLevel.None);
            UnityConfigurationSection section = (UnityConfigurationSection)configuration.GetSection(UnityConfigurationSection.SectionName);
            _Container = new UnityContainer();
            section.Configure(_Container, "ContainerAOP");

        }



        public static IUnityContainer GetContainer()
        {
            return _Container;
        }
    }
}

UnityDependencyResolver（自定义容器）

namespace WebApi.Unity
{
    public class UnityDependencyResolver : IDependencyResolver
    {
        private IUnityContainer _IUnityContainer = null;
        public UnityDependencyResolver(IUnityContainer unityContainer) 
        {
            this._IUnityContainer = unityContainer;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 每次请求
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        /// <exception cref="NotImplementedException"></exception>
        public IDependencyScope BeginScope()
        {
            var child = this._IUnityContainer.CreateChildContainer();
            return new UnityDependencyResolver(child);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 销毁
        /// </summary>
        public void Dispose()
        {
            this._IUnityContainer.Dispose();
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取单个服务
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="serviceType"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        /// <exception cref="NotImplementedException"></exception>
        public object GetService(Type serviceType)
        {
            try
            {
                return this._IUnityContainer.Resolve(serviceType);
            }
            catch(ResolutionFailedException)
            {
                return null;
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 获取所有服务
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="serviceType"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        public IEnumerable<object> GetServices(Type serviceType)
        {
            try
            {
                return this._IUnityContainer.ResolveAll(serviceType);
            }
            catch (ResolutionFailedException)
            {
                return new List<object>();
            }
        }
    }

在WebApiConfig里配置容器

 config.DependencyResolver = new UnityDependencyResolver(UnityContainerFactory.GetContainer());

public static class WebApiConfig
    {
        public static void Register(HttpConfiguration config)
        {
            // Web API 配置和服务
            config.DependencyResolver = new UnityDependencyResolver(UnityContainerFactory.GetContainer());
            // Web API 路由
            config.MapHttpAttributeRoutes();

            config.Routes.MapHttpRoute(
                name: "DefaultApi",
                routeTemplate: "api/{controller}/{id}",
                defaults: new { id = RouteParameter.Optional }
            );
        }
    }

以上就完成了，在控制器进行调用（此时不用自己去new对象，容器会自动注入service）

public class UsersController : ApiController
    {
        private IUserService _iUserService;

        public UsersController(IUserService userService) 
        {
            this._iUserService = userService;
        }

        public IEnumerable<User> Get()
        {
            var list = this._iUserService.GetUsers();
            return list;
        }

        
    }