English语法_分词用法-分词构句

1> 一般型：前后2句主语相同

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1.1> and 并列连句

The girl sat on the grass 【and】 looked at the setting sun.
Sitting on the grass, the girl looked at the setting sun. // 省略句；
The girl sat the grass, looking at the sun. // ‘,’ 可省略；
女孩坐在草地上看夕阳。

• 省and；
• 前后2句的主语相同；
• 并列连词，and， but，or，so；

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1.2> and

Bob was waiting for Mary 【and】 was reading a newspaper.
wating for Mary, Bop was reading a newspaper. // was -> being, 没含义，省略；
Bob was waiting for Mary reading a newspaper.
Bob一边等Mary，一边看报纸

• 等跟看同时进行；
• come，go，sit，stand， lie + ving
  come，go，sit，stand， lie + P.P

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1.3> 主从句，只能改从句

When the dog saw me，it wagged its tail.
Seeing me，the dog wagged its tail.
当那只狗看到我时，它摇起了它的尾巴。

• when .conj 从属连词
• when the dog saw me, 时间副词子句 -> 状元从句；
• wag - wagged - wagged

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1.4> because

Because she [was] shocked at the sight, she [stood] there and [was] speechless.
shocked at the sight,she stood there speechless.
因为对眼前所见感到震惊，她站在那里说不出话来。

• less, 形容词词尾；

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1.5> Not knowing

[Because] she did not know what to do, she remained silent.
Not knowing what to do，she remained silent.
She remained silent, not knowing what to do.
因为她不知道该怎么办，所以保持沉默。

• [what to do] 名词短语；
• 主句在前，在后都行；

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1.6> Shocked at the news

Because Mary was shocked at the news, she couldn’t speak a word.
Shocked at the news, Mary couldn’t speak a word.
Mary, shocked at the news, couldn’t speak a word.
Mary 被这个消息震惊到说不出话来。

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1.7> Being young

[Because] he is young, he is very energetic.
Being young, he is very energetic.
因为年轻，所以他非常有活力。

• ic, less 形容词；
• energy
• [being] 后只有1个形容词，不能省略；

[Being] awake or asleep, I cannot forget her.
无论是醒着还是睡着，我都无法忘记她。

• being 后有2个形容词 ，可省略being， 一般不说；

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2> 独立型：前后2句主语不同

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2.1> being

Because there was no bridge, we [had to] swim across the river.
There being no bridege, we had to swim across the river.
因为没有桥，所以我们不得不游泳过河。

• there was no bridge,we had to swim across the river. ( X )
  不能改成这样，一个句子不能有2个主语，2个动词；
  being： 显示出是省略句；

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2.2> being

When all things are considered, this hotel is the best choice.
All thins considerde, this hotel is the best choice.
考虑各个方面的话，这家酒店是最好的选择。

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