participilal
1> 一般型:前后2句主语相同
1.1> and 并列连句
The girl sat on the grass 【and】 looked at the setting sun.
Sitting on the grass, the girl looked at the setting sun. // 省略句;
The girl sat the grass, looking at the sun. // ‘,’ 可省略;
女孩坐在草地上看夕阳。
- 省and;
- 前后2句的主语相同;
- 并列连词,and, but,or,so;
1.2> and
Bob was waiting for Mary 【and】 was reading a newspaper.
wating for Mary, Bop was reading a newspaper. // was -> being, 没含义,省略;
Bob was waiting for Mary reading a newspaper.
Bob一边等Mary,一边看报纸
- 等跟看同时进行;
- come,go,sit,stand, lie + ving
come,go,sit,stand, lie + P.P
1.3> 主从句,只能改从句
When the dog saw me,it wagged its tail.
Seeing me,the dog wagged its tail.
当那只狗看到我时,它摇起了它的尾巴。
- when .conj 从属连词
- when the dog saw me, 时间副词子句 -> 状元从句;
- wag - wagged - wagged
1.4> because
Because she [was] shocked at the sight, she [stood] there and [was] speechless.
shocked at the sight,she stood there speechless.
因为对眼前所见感到震惊,她站在那里说不出话来。
- less, 形容词词尾;
1.5> Not knowing
[Because] she did not know what to do, she remained silent.
Not knowing what to do,she remained silent.
She remained silent, not knowing what to do.
因为她不知道该怎么办,所以保持沉默。
- [what to do] 名词短语;
- 主句在前,在后都行;
1.6> Shocked at the news
Because Mary was shocked at the news, she couldn’t speak a word.
Shocked at the news, Mary couldn’t speak a word.
Mary, shocked at the news, couldn’t speak a word.
Mary 被这个消息震惊到说不出话来。
1.7> Being young
[Because] he is young, he is very energetic.
Being young, he is very energetic.
因为年轻,所以他非常有活力。
- ic, less 形容词;
- energy
- [being] 后只有1个形容词,不能省略;
[Being] awake or asleep, I cannot forget her.
无论是醒着还是睡着,我都无法忘记她。
- being 后有2个形容词 ,可省略being, 一般不说;
2> 独立型:前后2句主语不同
2.1> being
Because there was no bridge, we [had to] swim across the river.
There being no bridege, we had to swim across the river.
因为没有桥,所以我们不得不游泳过河。
- there was no bridge,we had to swim across the river. ( X )
不能改成这样,一个句子不能有2个主语,2个动词;
being: 显示出是省略句;
2.2> being
When all things are considered, this hotel is the best choice.
All thins considerde, this hotel is the best choice.
考虑各个方面的话,这家酒店是最好的选择。