图像阈值学习

一、简单阈值：
函数cv.threshold用于应用阈值。第一个参数是源图像，它应该是灰度图像。第二个参数是阈值，用于对像素值进行分类。第三个参数是分配给超过阈值的像素值的最大值。OpenCV提供了不同类型的阈值，这由函数的第四个参数给出。

所有简单的阈值类型为：
cv.THRESH_BINARY
cv.THRESH_BINARY_INV
cv.THRESH_TRUNC
cv.THRESH_TOZERO
cv.THRESH_TOZERO_INV
该方法返回两个输出。第一个是使用的阈值，第二个输出是阈值后的图像

#图像阈值
import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

img = cv.imread('E:\\python opencv\\demo2\\output.png', 0)
ret, thresh1 = cv.threshold(img, 127, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY)
ret, thresh2 = cv.threshold(img, 27, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY_INV)
ret, thresh3 = cv.threshold(img, 127, 255, cv.THRESH_TRUNC)
ret, thresh4 = cv.threshold(img, 127, 255, cv.THRESH_TOZERO)
ret, thresh5 = cv.threshold(img, 127, 255, cv.THRESH_TOZERO_INV)
titles = ['Original Image', 'BINARY', 'BINARY_INV', 'TRUNC', 'TOZERO', 'TOZERO_INV']
images = [img, thresh1, thresh2, thresh3, thresh4, thresh5]
for i in range(6):
    plt.subplot(2, 3, i+1), plt.imshow(images[i]),
    plt.title(titles[i])
    plt.xticks([]), plt.yticks([])
plt.show()
cv.waitKey(0)
cv.destroyAllWindows()

二、自适应阈值

#自适应阈值
import cv2 as cv
import numpy as np
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt
img = cv.imread('E:\\python opencv\\demo2\\output.png', 0)
#全局阈值
ret1, th1 = cv.threshold(img, 127, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY)
#Otsu阈值
ret2, th2 = cv.threshold(img, 0, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY+cv.THRESH_OTSU)
#高斯滤波后再采用Otsu阈值
blur = cv.GaussianBlur(img, (5, 5), 0)
ret3, th3 = cv.threshold(blur, 0, 255, cv.THRESH_BINARY+cv.THRESH_OTSU)
# 绘制所有图像及其直方图
images=[img,0,th1,img,0,th2,blur,0,th3]
titles=['Original Noisy Image','Histogram','Global Thresholding (v=127)','Original Noisy Image','Histogram',"Otsu's Thresholding",'Gaussian filtered Image','Histogram',"Otsu's Thresholding"]
for i in range(3):
    plt.subplot(3,3,i*3+1),plt.imshow(images[i*3],'gray')
    plt.title(titles[i*3]),plt.xticks([]),plt.yticks([])
    plt.subplot(3,3,i*3+2),plt.hist(images[i*3].ravel(),256)
    plt.title(titles[i*3+1]),plt.xticks([]),plt.yticks([])
    plt.subplot(3,3,i*3+3),plt.imshow(images[i*3+2],'gray')
    plt.title(titles[i*3+2]),plt.xticks([]),plt.yticks([])
plt.show()
cv.waitKey(0)
cv.destroyAllWindows()