是什么
REST:即 Representational State Transfer (资源)表现层 状态转化,是目前最流行的一种互联网软件架构
具体说,就是 HTTP 协议里面, 四个表示操作方式的动词:
GET
用来获取资源POST
用来创建新资源PUT
用来更新资源DELETE
用来删除资源
通过修改 http 的状态值来标记请求的目的
怎么玩
HiddenHttpMethodFilter
:浏览器 form 表单只支持 GET 和 POST ,不支持 DELETE 和 PUT请求
解决措施:添加过滤器,将这些请求转换为 标准的 http 方法 ,支持 GET,POST,DELETE,PUT 请求
步骤1: web.xml 添加HiddenHttpMethodFilter 配置
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter
</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
步骤2: Controller 中实现 增删改查 等操作
核心代码:
@Controller
public class RestFulController {
@RequestMapping(value = "/restful",method = RequestMethod.GET)
@RequestMapping(value = "/restful",method = RequestMethod.POST)
@RequestMapping(value = "/restful",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
@RequestMapping(value = "/restful",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
}
完整代码:
@Controller
public class RestFulController {
//restful传值:
//使用{id}方式占位
//使用@PathVariable("id")获取占位的值
@RequestMapping(value = "/restful/{name}/{age}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String get(@PathVariable("name") String userName, @PathVariable("age") int userAge){
System.out.println("get请求");
System.out.println(userName);
System.out.println(userAge);
return "getSuccess";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/restful/{name}/{age}",method = RequestMethod.POST)
public String post(@PathVariable("name") String userName, @PathVariable("age") int userAge){
System.out.println("post请求");
System.out.println(userName);
System.out.println(userAge);
return "postSuccess";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/restful/{name}/{age}",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public @ResponseBody String put(@PathVariable("name") String userName, @PathVariable("age") int userAge){
System.out.println("put请求");
System.out.println(userName);
System.out.println(userAge);
// return "redirect:putSuccess.jsp";
return "putSuccess";
}
@RequestMapping(value = "/restful/{name}/{age}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public @ResponseBody String delete(@PathVariable("name") String userName, @PathVariable("age") int userAge){
System.out.println("delete请求");
System.out.println(userName);
System.out.println(userAge);
// return "redirect:deleteSuccess.jsp";
return "deleteSuccess";
}
}
步骤3:前端jsp
页面
核心代码:
更新和删除操作时:method 一定要为post
请求,name 一定要为_method
原因:代表 post 请求,但是 HiddenHttpMethodFilter 将把本次请求转化成标准的 put 请求方式
put_更新操作:
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
delete_删除操作:
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">
完整代码:
<!--restful传值:使用/方式拼接-->
<form action="/restful/李四/18" method="get">
<input type="submit" value="获取_get">
</form>
<form action="/restful/李四/19" method="post">
<input type="submit" value="创建_post">
</form>
<!--restful特殊的请求格式:使用post并加上指定的input-->
<form action="/restful/李四/20" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="PUT">
<input type="submit" value="更新_put">
</form>
<form action="/restful/李四/21" method="post">
<input type="hidden" name="_method" value="DELETE">
<input type="submit" value="删除_delete">
</form>
步骤4:RestFul 请求获取路径参数
(1)使用{id}
方式占位
(2)使用@PathVariable("id")
获取占位的值
@RequestMapping(value = "/restful/{name}/{age}",method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String get(@PathVariable("name") String userName, @PathVariable("age") int userAge){
System.out.println("get请求");
System.out.println(userName);
System.out.println(userAge);
return "getSuccess";
}
405 错误处理方式
访问 put 和 delete 请求的时候,可能会出现下列错误:
此时,查看 web.xml 文件:
此配置表示对所有请求(不包括.jsp
结尾的)由 spring mvc 进行解析,即不会匹配到.jsp
结尾的请求
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springMVC.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
此过滤器表示对 所有的请求 (包括 .jsp 结尾的)进行转换为标准http请求
。
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter
</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
举例:
现有一个put
请求,Controller 对 标准 http 请求进行处理:
@RequestMapping(value = "/restful/{name}/{age}",method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public String put(@PathVariable("name") String userName, @PathVariable("age") int userAge){
System.out.println("put请求");
System.out.println(userName);
System.out.println(userAge);
return "putSuccess";
}
原因:
处理完成后返回 putSuccess ,经过 spring mvc 解析后,返回的是putSuccess.jsp
这个时候过滤器就会对putSuccess.jsp 这个请求进行标准化http处理
。即 spring 认为这应该是个JSP接口
,但是现在 jsp 仅支持get
与post
方法,所以会提示错误
解决办法:
方式一:
将过滤器的请求地址由/*
改为/
:
<filter>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.springframework.web.filter.HiddenHttpMethodFilter
</filter-class>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>HiddenHttpMethodFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
方式二:
在方法返回类型前面添加@ResponseBody
注解:
@RequestMapping(value = "/restful/{name}/{age}",method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public @ResponseBody String delete(@PathVariable("name") String userName, @PathVariable("age") int userAge){
System.out.println("delete请求");
System.out.println(userName);
System.out.println(userAge);
return "deleteSuccess";
}