Debugging with GDB

Debugging with GDB

1. 调试多线程

1.1 多线程调试示例

• 如下是我们所采用的调试示例源代码test.c

  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <unistd.h>
  #include <pthread.h>
  
  int a = 0;
  int b = 0;
  
  static void * pthread_run1(void *arg)
  {
          int runflag = 1;
   
    while(runflag)
      {
              a++;
              sleep(1);
      }
  
      pthread_exit((void *)a);
  
      return NULL; 
   }
   
   static void * pthread_run2(void *arg)
  {
          int runflag = 1; 
    while(runflag)
      {
              b++;
              sleep(1);
      }
  
      pthread_exit((void *)b);
  
      return NULL;
  }
  
  int main(int argc,char *argv[])
  {
      pthread_t tid1, tid2;
      int retval_1, retval_2;
          
  	  pthread_create(&tid1, NULL, pthread_run1, NULL);
      pthread_create(&tid2, NULL, pthread_run2, NULL);
  
      pthread_join(tid1,(void *)&retval_1);
      pthread_join(tid2,(void *)&retval_2);
  
      printf("retval_1: %d\n", retval_1);
      printf("retval_2: %d\n", retval_2);
  
      return 0x0;
  }
  

• 编译运行

gcc -c test.c -o test.o

• GDB调试多线程程序

先进入gdb

gdb test.c

打断点

b test.c:14
b test.c:29
run

开始循环跳转

Thread 2 "test" hit Breakpoint 1, pthread_run1 (arg=0x0) at test.c:14
14                      a++;
(gdb) n
[Switching to Thread 0x7ffff73fe640 (LWP 961250)]

Thread 3 "test" hit Breakpoint 2, pthread_run2 (arg=0x0) at test.c:29
29                      b++;
(gdb) n
30                      sleep(1);
(gdb) n
[Switching to Thread 0x7ffff7bff640 (LWP 961249)]

Thread 2 "test" hit Breakpoint 1, pthread_run1 (arg=0x0) at test.c:14
14                      a++;
(gdb) n
[Switching to Thread 0x7ffff73fe640 (LWP 961250)]

Thread 3 "test" hit Breakpoint 2, pthread_run2 (arg=0x0) at test.c:29
29                      b++;
(gdb) n
30                      sleep(1);
(gdb) n
[Switching to Thread 0x7ffff7bff640 (LWP 961249)]

如果在sleep结束的时候查看线程会发现

(gdb) info/i threads
  Id   Target Id                                 Frame 
  1    Thread 0x7ffff7fa5740 (LWP 961246) "test" __futex_abstimed_wait_common64 (private=128, cancel=true, abstime=0x0, op=265, expected=961249, futex_word=0x7ffff7bff910)
    at ./nptl/futex-internal.c:57
  2    Thread 0x7ffff7bff640 (LWP 961249) "test" pthread_run1 (arg=0x0) at test.c:14
* 3    Thread 0x7ffff73fe640 (LWP 961250) "test" pthread_run2 (arg=0x0) at test.c:30

让我们切换现在到thread 2

(gdb) thread 2
[Switching to thread 2 (Thread 0x7ffff7bff640 (LWP 961249))]
#0  pthread_run1 (arg=0x0) at test.c:14
14                      a++;

在执行过程中可以使用backtrace查看当前线程调用栈信息

(gdb) backtrace/bt
#0  pthread_run1 (arg=0x0) at test.c:14
#1  0x00007ffff7c94ac3 in start_thread (arg=<optimized out>) at ./nptl/pthread_create.c:442
#2  0x00007ffff7d26850 in clone3 () at ../sysdeps/unix/sysv/linux/x86_64/clone3.S:81

---

如果只想运行当前的调试进程，其他线程挂起

 set scheduler-locking on

(gdb) n
30                      sleep(1);
(gdb) n
27              while(runflag)
(gdb) n

Thread 3 "test" hit Breakpoint 2, pthread_run2 (arg=0x0) at test.c:29
29                      b++;
(gdb) n
30                      sleep(1);
(gdb) n
n27             while(runflag)
(gdb) n

Thread 3 "test" hit Breakpoint 2, pthread_run2 (arg=0x0) at test.c:29
29                      b++;
(gdb) n
30                      sleep(1);

指定某线程执行gdb命令

thread apply 'num' n

(gdb) i thread
  Id   Target Id                                  Frame 
  1    Thread 0x7ffff7fa5740 (LWP 1379754) "test" __futex_abstimed_wait_common64 (private=128, cancel=true, abstime=0x0, op=265, expected=1379763, 
    futex_word=0x7ffff7bff910) at ./nptl/futex-internal.c:57
  2    Thread 0x7ffff7bff640 (LWP 1379763) "test" pthread_run1 (arg=0x0) at test.c:14
* 3    Thread 0x7ffff73fe640 (LWP 1379764) "test" pthread_run2 (arg=0x0) at test.c:30
(gdb) thread apply 2 n

Thread 2 (Thread 0x7ffff7bff640 (LWP 1379763) "test"):
15                      sleep(1);

还有一些指令可以使用

info local #查看当前变量
frame/f 'num' #查看和切换当前堆栈
set var runflag = 0 #修改变量