Nagios监控设备

最新推荐文章于 2022-05-18 16:22:00 发布

XMJDCH

最新推荐文章于 2022-05-18 16:22:00 发布

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本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/XMJDCH/article/details/72886535

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Nagios监控设备

*Nagios能有效监控Windows、Linux和Unix的主机状态，交换机路由器等网络设备
*特点：
    (1)监控网络服务(SMTP|POP3|HTTP|TCP|ping等)
    (2)监控主机资源(CPU|负载|IO状况|虚拟及正式磁盘利用率等)
    (3)简单的插件设计模式，监控自己特定的软件
    (4)并行服务检查机制
    (5)当服务或主机问题产生与解决后将警告发送给联系人
    (6)自动日志回滚
    (7)具备定义时间句柄功能，它可以在主机或者服务器的事件发生时获取更多的问题定位
    (8)支持并行实现对主机冗余监控(分布式监控)
    (9)可选的WEB界面用于查看当前的网络状态、通知和故障历史、日志文件等

常见的监控软件及特点

mrtg：早期最主要的是处理网站带宽流量图、历史趋势图等
nagios：主要特色就算专注与报警，也可配合pnp，cacti，hyperic出图等|特别适合大量服务器上的大批服务检测是否正常
cacti：出图，历史趋势图(通过rrdtool软件)，可通过插件实现报警，但是功能比较弱，故障分析较差
zabbix：出图报警软件，出图通过php绘制程序
munin：专注于历史趋势图
hyperic：基于java的监控软件

Nagios监控家族成员的组成

*Nagios监控一般有一个主程序(nagios)、一个程序插件(nagios-plugins)和一些可选的附加程序(NRPE|NSClient++、和NDOUtils)等  
    (1)NRPE:工作于被监控端，一般为linux/unix系统上，用于在被监控的远程linux/unix主机上执行插件脚本获取数据回传给服务端，实现对主机资源的监控，存在形式是守护进程模式，开启的端口是5666
    (2)NSClient++:工作于windows系统的被监控端，作用相当于linux下的NRPE
    (3)NDOUtils:工作于nagios服务器端，用于将nagios的配置信息和各event产生的数据存入数据库以实现对这些数据的检索和处理,(不推荐使用,把数据放在数据库没有任何好处，数据库宕机了，监控就失效了，配置也就不那么智能了等
    (4)NSCA：需要同时安装在nagios的服务端的客户端，纯被动式的监控，用于让被监控的远程主机，主动将监控到的信息发送给Ngagios服务端(在分布式集群模式中要用到，200台服务器以内可以不用)

实验环境

server2：RS
server3|server4：Client
selinux Disabled
iptables off
做好时间同步

解决perl的编译问题

[root@server2 ~]# echo 'export LC_ALL=C'>>/etc/profile
[root@server2 ~]# tail -1 /etc/profile
export LC_ALL=C
[root@server2 ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@server2 ~]# echo $LC_ALL
C
[root@server2 ~]#

在server2中

[root@server2 ~]# yum install gcc glibc-common glibc gd gd-devel php* httpd -y
.....
gcc glibc-common glibc | 编译软件升级
gd gd-devel | 用于pnp出图包
.....
[root@server2 ~]# yum install mysql* -y

服务端

安装Nagio主程序

nagios下载地址
https://sourceforge.net/projects/nagios/files/

[root@server2 ~]# tar zxf nagios-3.5.1.tar.gz 
[root@server2 ~]# cd nagios
[root@server2 nagios]# ./configure  --with-command-group=nagcmd
.....
Review the options above for accuracy.  If they look okay,
type 'make all' to compile the main program and CGIs.
.....

[root@server2 nagios]# make all
.....
       http://support.nagios.com

*************************************************************

Enjoy.
.....


[root@server2 nagios]# make install
.....
 make install-init
     - This installs the init script in /etc/rc.d/init.d

  make install-commandmode
     - This installs and configures permissions on the
       directory for holding the external command file

  make install-config
     - This installs sample config files in /usr/local/nagios/etc

make[1]: Leaving directory `/root/nagios'
.....
*根据提示，还需要做如下几步
[root@server2 nagios]#  make install-init
[root@server2 nagios]#  make install-commandmode
[root@server2 nagios]#  make install-config


生成nagios对应于apache里的配置

[root@server2 nagios]# make install-webconf
.....
/usr/bin/install -c -m 644 sample-config/httpd.conf /etc/httpd/conf.d/nagios.conf

*** Nagios/Apache conf file installed ***
.....

[root@server2 nagios]# more /etc/httpd/conf.d/nagios.conf
.....
# SAMPLE CONFIG SNIPPETS FOR APACHE WEB SERVER
# Last Modified: 11-26-2005
#
# This file contains examples of entries that need
# to be incorporated into your Apache web server
# configuration file.  Customize the paths, etc. as
# needed to fit your system.

ScriptAlias /nagios/cgi-bin "/usr/local/nagios/sbin"

<Directory "/usr/local/nagios/sbin">
#  SSLRequireSSL
   Options ExecCGI
   AllowOverride None
   Order allow,deny
   Allow from all
#  Order deny,allow
#  Deny from all
#  Allow from 127.0.0.1
   AuthName "Nagios Access"
   AuthType Basic
   AuthUserFile /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users 
    #登陆nagios的web界面所需用户和密码存放位置
   Require valid-user
   .....
[root@server2 nagios]# 
*设置登陆web界面时所需的账户和密码

[root@server2 nagios]# htpasswd -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users xmj
New password: 
Re-type new password: 
Adding password for user xmj
[root@server2 nagios]# cat /usr/local/nagios/etc/htpasswd.users
xmj:kGA87J7l.CBaI
[root@server2 nagios]#

*需要刚才设置的账户和密码登陆
这里写图片描述
*此时任意点开会是这种状态

安装插件软件包

安装nagios-plugins

nagios-plugins下载地址：https://nagios-plugins.org/downloads/


[root@server2 ~]# tar zxf nagios-plugins-1.4.16.tar.gz
[root@server2 ~]# cd nagios-plugins-1.4.16
[root@server2 nagios-plugins-1.4.16]# ./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios --with-myaql=/usr/bin/mysql --prefix=/usr/local/nagios
[root@server2 nagios-plugins-1.4.16]# make
[root@server2 nagios-plugins-1.4.16]# make install
[root@server2 ~]# ll /usr/local/nagios/libexec/ | wc -l  #插件存放位置 
60[root@server2 ~]# /etc/init.d/nagios start
Starting nagios: done.
[root@server2 ~]# /etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig   #检查语法
Running configuration check... OK.
[root@server2 ~]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg #检查语法，显示出详细信息
[root@server2 ~]# ps -ef | grep nagios
nagios   26898     1  0 20:28 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -d /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg            #nagios启动命令|配置文件
root     26904  1186  0 20:28 pts/0    00:00:00 grep nagios
[root@server2 ~]#

*表示安装成功
这里写图片描述

*注：
如果出现其它 Internet Server Error 页面
注意自己的iptables|selinux状态

安装nrpe

*客户端软件
*服务端需要check——nrpe插件(用来和客户端nrpe进行对话)

nrpe下载地址：https://sourceforge.net/projects/nagios/files/nrpe-2.x/

[root@server2 ~]# tar zxf nrpe-2.12.tar.gz 
[root@server2 ~]# cd nrpe-2.12
[root@server2 nrpe-2.12]# ./configure 
[root@server2 nrpe-2.12]# make all
[root@server2 nrpe-2.12]# make install-plugin
[root@server2 nrpe-2.12]# make install-daemon  
[root@server2 nrpe-2.12]# make install-daemon-config
[root@server2 ~]# ls /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe 
/usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe
[root@server2 ~]#

客户端

和nagios服务端相比

不需lamp环境|nagios主程序|gcc|glibc|glibc-common|gd|gd-devel|mysql*|httpd|php|php-gd

安装：nagios-plugins-1.4.16.tar.gz

[root@server4 nagios-plugins-1.4.16]# ./configure --with-nagios-user=nagios --with-nagios-group=nagios  --with-perl-modules
    [root@server4 nagios-plugins-1.4.16]# make
    [root@server4 nagios-plugins-1.4.16]# make install
    如果报错：perl 模块相关错误
    yum install perl-C*

安装：nrpe-2.12.tar.gz

[root@server3 ~]# cd /usr/local/nagios/etc/
    [root@server3 etc]# cp nrpe.cfg  nrpe.cfg.ori
    [root@server3 etc]# vim nrpe.cfg    # nrpe 配置文件
    [root@server3 etc]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d #后台启动 nrpe
    [root@server3 etc]# ps -ef | grep nrpe
    nagios    1657     1  0 19:35 ?        00:00:00 /usr/local/nagios/bin/nrpe -c /usr/local/nagios/etc/nrpe.cfg -d
    root      1659  1062  0 19:35 pts/0    00:00:00 grep nrpe
    [root@server3 etc]# lsof -i :5666
    COMMAND  PID   USER   FD   TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME
        nrpe    1657 nagios    4u  IPv4  13374      0t0  TCP *:5666 (LISTEN)
    [root@server3 etc]#

安装相关插件：

[root@server3 ~]# tar zxfv Params-Validate-0.91.tar.gz 
    [root@server3 ~]# tar zxvf Class-Accessor-0.31.tar.gz 
    [root@server3 ~]# tar zxvf Config-Tiny-2.12.tar.gz 
    [root@server3 ~]# tar zxvf Math-Calc-Units-1.07.tar.gz 
    [root@server3 ~]# tar zxvf Regexp-Common-2010010201.tar.gz 

    [root@server3 ~]# cd Params-Validate-0.91
    [root@server3 Params-Validate-0.91]# perl Makefile.PL 
    [root@server3 Params-Validate-0.91]# make 
    [root@server3 Params-Validate-0.91]# make install
    [root@server3 ~]# yum install sysstat -y

监控物理组件的高级命令

内存：top|iostat|sar|free|vmstat|mpstat
CPU:top|vmstat|mpstat|iostat|sar
I/O:|vmstat|mpstat|iostat|sar
进程：ipcs|ipcrm
负载：uptime

配置 nagios 服务端

[root@server2 ~]# tree /usr/local/nagios/etc/      # nagios 相关配置文件
/usr/local/nagios/etc/
|-- cgi.cfg
|-- htpasswd.user
|-- htpasswd.users
|-- nagios.cfg      #nagios主配置文件
|-- nrpe.cfg        #客户端配置文件
|-- objects
|   |-- commands.cfg
|   |-- contacts.cfg
|   |-- localhost.cfg
|   |-- printer.cfg
|   |-- switch.cfg
|   |-- templates.cfg
|   |-- timeperiods.cfg
|   `-- windows.cfg
`-- resource.cfg

1 directory, 14 files

[root@server2 etc]# cp nagios.cfg nagios.cfg.ori
[root@server2 etc]# vim nagios.cfg
[root@server2 etc]# pwd
/usr/local/nagios/etc
[root@server2 etc]# cd objects/
[root@server2 objects]# head -51 localhost.cfg > hosts.cfg
[root@server2 objects]# touch service.cfg
[root@server2 objects]# chown  nagios.nagios hosts.cfg  service.cfg 
[root@server2 objects]# ll
total 52
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios  7716 Jun  6 17:03 commands.cfg
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios  2166 Jun  6 17:03 contacts.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 nagios nagios  1870 Jun  9 20:15 hosts.cfg
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios  5403 Jun  6 17:03 localhost.cfg
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios  3124 Jun  6 17:03 printer.cfg
-rw-r--r-- 1 nagios nagios     0 Jun  9 20:15 service.cfg
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios  3293 Jun  6 17:03 switch.cfg
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios 10812 Jun  6 17:03 templates.cfg
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios  3208 Jun  6 17:03 timeperiods.cfg
-rw-rw-r-- 1 nagios nagios  4019 Jun  6 17:03 windows.cfg
[root@server2 objects]# vim hosts.cfg 
.....
define host{
        use                     linux-server
        host_name               server2
        alias                   server2
        address                 172.25.66.2
        }

define host{
        use                     linux-server
        host_name               server3
        alias                   server3
        address                 172.25.66.3
.....
        }
define hostgroup{
        hostgroup_name  linux-servers ; The name of the hostgroup
        alias           Linux Servers ; Long name of the group
        members         server2,server3
    }
.....
[root@server2 objects]# /etc/init.d/nagios checkconfig
Running configuration check... CONFIG ERROR!  Check your Nagios configuration.
[root@server2 objects]# /usr/local/nagios/bin/nagios -v /usr/local/nagios/etc/nagios.cfg
[root@server2 objects]# vim services.cfg 
.....
define service{
        use             generic-service
        host_name               server2
        service_description     Current Load
        check_command           check_nrpe!check_load
        max_check_attempts      2
        normal_check_interval   4
        retry_check_interval    4
        check_period            24x7
        notification_interval   1440
        notification_period     24x7
        notification_options    w,u,c,r
        contact_groups          admins
        process_perf_data
.....
[root@server2 objects]# vi commands.cfg 
.....
# 'check_nrpe' command definition
define command{
        command_name    check_nrpe
        command_line    $USER1$/check_nrpe -H $HOSTADDRESS$  -c $ARG1$
        }

.....

[root@server2 objects]# ll /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe 
-rwxrwxr-x 1 nagios nagios 76736 Jun  6 21:34 /usr/local/nagios/libexec/check_nrpe
[root@server2 objects]# /etc/init.d/nagios start
Starting nagios: done.

这里写图片描述

[root@server2 objects]# vi ../cgi.cfg  +119
.....
authorized_for_system_information=xmj
authorized_for_configuration_information=xmj
authorized_for_all_services=xmj
authorized_for_all_hosts=xmj
.....

[root@server2 objects]# /etc/init.d/nagios reload
Running configuration check...done.
Reloading nagios configuration...done
[root@server2 objects]#

这里写图片描述