实验1
按照教材11.2及12.5小节的内容和案例的实现步骤,完成Spring MVC应用案例代码的编写。
实验2
编写客户信息(客户名称、客户单位、客户职位、客户生日、客户性别、客户联系方式)注册页面cutomer.jsp,提交到控制器customerController中,控制器判断客户是否是“zhangsan”,如果是则将客户信息显示在customerdisp.jsp页面上,否则在页面上提示“注册客户不是zhangsan”。
实验3 SpringMVC 常用注解练习。参考常用注解文档。
学习收获总结:Spring MVC是Spring框架的一部分,他是一种轻量级(不就是实现的效果比较简单)的Web框架。于是乎,在开发中我们可以方便得使用Spring所提供的其他功能(IOC 、事务管理…),它的优点有:封装了一个前端控制器DispatcherServlet、自动绑定输入,转换数据类型、封装了常见效验器,效验不通过可进行重定向到输入表单、支持多种视图技术(实验中只使用到 jsp)。
演示Spring MVC 的使用:
具体步骤流程图:
我的项目结构:
web.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:SpringMvc-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- 将上面配置的前端控制器,映射到/代表的所以URL下面 -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
FirstBackEndController.java
package javaee_D11Z;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.Controller;
//后端控制器,实现Controller接口
public class FirstBackEndController implements Controller {
@Override
public ModelAndView handleRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1) throws Exception {
ModelAndView modelAndView=new ModelAndView();
modelAndView.addObject("msg","这是我的第一个Spring MVC程序");
modelAndView.setViewName("/WEB-INF/jsp/shitu.jsp");
return modelAndView;//这里很容易写掉
}
}
springMvc-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean name="/firstController" class="javaee_D11Z.FirstBackEndController"></bean>
</beans>
shitu.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>入门程序</title>
</head>
<body>
${msg}ssss
</body>
</html>
Spring MVC 的核心类和注解:
学习总结:
使用实现Controller接口的方式来开发一个控制器已经是很老的方法了,使用基于注解的控制器 会大大简便开发(使用方法只需要在后端控制器类上加上@Controller注解,不需要再实现Controller接口,前提是必须实现了Spring的扫描包机制【扫描包机制需要在声明中引入spring-context、使用<context:component-scan >元素指定需要扫描的类包】),它的优点就是对比用Controller接口实现的后端控制器类,使用注解实现的控制器可以同时请求多个请求动作,因此不管是操作还是功能上进行对比,实际开发中大都使用基于注解的形式。
@Controller注解
@RequestMapping注解的属性
@XXXMapping(组合注解)
请求处理方法的参数类型和返回类型
配置视图解析器:
SpringMvc-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 不再使用实现Controller接口的方式实现控制器类,而使用注解方式 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="javaee_D11Z"></context:component-scan>
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
后端控制器类FirstBackEndController:
package javaee_D11Z;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;
//后端控制器,实现Controller接口
@Controller
@RequestMapping(value="/hello")
public class FirstBackEndController {
@RequestMapping(value="/firstController")
public String handleRequest(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,Model model) throws Exception {
ModelAndView modelAndView=new ModelAndView();
model.addAttribute("msg","这是我的第一个Spring MVC程序");
System.out.println("test");
return "shitu";//这里很容易写掉
}
}
数据绑定
学习总结:学习完上一部分的朋友都知道,后端控制器的请求处理方法可以接收多种参数类型(HttpServletRequest arg0, HttpServletResponse arg1,Model model等,除此之外,有需要了解全部的朋友们可以百度一下。)
第一部分我提到:SpringMVC可以“自动绑定输入,转换数据类型”“校验”都将在这部分得到体现。
实验2代码如下:
web.xml:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="4.0">
<servlet>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:SpringMvc-config.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<!-- 将上面配置的前端控制器,映射到/代表的所以URL下面 -->
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
</web-app>
SpringMvc-config.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
https://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
https://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 不再使用实现Controller接口的方式实现控制器类,而使用注解方式 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="javaee_D13Z"></context:component-scan>
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
</beans>
Customer.java
package javaee_D13Z;
public class Customer {
private String name;
private String company;
private String work;
private String birthday;
private String sex;
private String phone;
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getCompany() {
return company;
}
public void setCompany(String company) {
this.company = company;
}
public String getWork() {
return work;
}
public void setWork(String work) {
this.work = work;
}
public String getBirthday() {
return birthday;
}
public void setBirthday(String birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public String getSex() {
return sex;
}
public void setSex(String sex) {
this.sex = sex;
}
public String getPhone() {
return phone;
}
public void setPhone(String phone) {
this.phone = phone;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Customer [name=" + name + ", company=" + company + ", work=" + work + ", Birthday=" + birthday
+ ", sex=" + sex + ", phone=" + phone + "]";
}
}
CustomerController.java
package javaee_D13Z;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
@Controller
public class CustomerController {
@RequestMapping(value="/registerCustomer")
public String registerCustomer(Customer customer,Model model) throws Exception {
String Customer_name=customer.getName();
if(Customer_name.equals("zhangshan")) {
model.addAttribute("name",Customer_name);
model.addAttribute("company",customer.getCompany());
model.addAttribute("work",customer.getWork());
model.addAttribute("birthday",customer.getBirthday());
model.addAttribute("sex",customer.getSex());
model.addAttribute("phone",customer.getPhone());
return "success";
}
else {
System.out.println(Customer_name);
return "fail";
}
}
@RequestMapping("/toregister")
public String register(){
return "customer";
}
}
customer.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>注册页面</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="${pageContext.request.contextPath }/registerCustomer" method="post">
名称:<input type="text" name="name"/><br/>
单位:<input type="text" name="company"/><br/>
职业:<input type="text" name="work"/><br/>
生日:<input type="text" name="birthday"/><br/>
性别:<input type="text" name="sex"/><br/>
电话:<input type="text" name="phone"/><br/>
<input type="submit" value="客户注册"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>
fail.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>注册页面</title>
</head>
<body>
注册用户不是张三
</body>
</html>
success.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"
pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>注册页面</title>
</head>
<body>
名称:${name}<br/>
单位:${ company}<br/>
职业:${ work}<br/>
生日:${ birthday}<br/>
性别:${ sex}<br/>
电话:${ phone}<br/>
</body>
</html>