设计模式之状态模式-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/X_i_a_o_H_a_i/article/details/40752417

一、定义

允许一个对象内部状态改变时改变它的行为。对象看起来似乎修改了它的类。

意思是一个对象可能有多重状态，我们平时都是用if-else来分开状态，根据不同的状态来调用不同的行为方法。

二、举例说明

我个人不喜欢玩其他的游戏，就喜欢玩Dota。那我就用dota中的杀人称号来举例说明。事先声明，在这里我说的都是短期内杀人，当你杀死第一个人的时候是First Blood，第二个人是Double Kill，三个人是Triple Kill，杀人数达到8个 M-m-m-m…Monster Kill ，杀人数达到9个 Godlike ，杀人数达到10个 Holy Shit。中间的大于3个且小于8个的不多说了，为了少弄几个类，就叫牛逼吧。

如果让我们编程的话，没有学过设计模式的同学可能会这样来写程序。

public String KillName(int killCount){
		String killName = null;
		if(killCount==1){
			killName = "First Blood";
		}else if(killCount==2){
			killName = "Double Kill";
		}
		else if(killCount==3){
			killName = "Triple Kill";
		}
		else if(killCount>3 && killCount<8){
			killName = "牛逼";
		}
		else if(killCount==8){
			killName = "M-m-m-m…Monster Kill";
		}
		else if(killCount==9){
			killName = "Godlike";
		}
		else if(killCount==10){
			killName = "Holy Shit";
		}
		return killName;
	}

问题是什么呢？

1、如果killCount有1000种叫法，那么就得写1000个if

2、如果每种状态处理的业务比较多的话，就会造成类非常的庞大

2、如果有新的状态的话，我们还得继续添加if-else。

为了解决这些问题我们可以采用状态模式。

状态模式的类图：

三、代码说明

KillNameManager类上下文

public class KillNameManager {
	
	private Map<String,Integer> mapKillCount = new HashMap<String, Integer>();
	private Map<String,KillState> mapKillState = new HashMap<String, KillState>();
	
	public Map<String, Integer> getMapKillCount() {
		return mapKillCount;
	}


	public void setMapKillCount(Map<String, Integer> mapKillCount) {
		this.mapKillCount = mapKillCount;
	}


	public Map<String, KillState> getMapKillState() {
		return mapKillState;
	}


	public void setMapKillState(Map<String, KillState> mapKillState) {
		this.mapKillState = mapKillState;
	}


	public String killPeople(String player){
		Integer killCount = mapKillCount.get(player);
		if(null == killCount){
			killCount = 0;
		}
		
		killCount++;
		mapKillCount.put(player, killCount);
		
		KillState killState = mapKillState.get(player);
		if(killState==null){
			killState = new KillFirstPeopleState();
			mapKillState.put(player, killState);
		}
		return  killState.killPeople(player, this);
	}
	//1、把不同的处理业务封装在不同的状态中，这样Manager上下文的类就简化了，不会变的庞大
	//2、把逻辑业务放在状态中了，这样我们就可以继续扩展下去。
	//3、我们不用修改Manager中的代码，只要实现KillState继续写状态就行
	/*public String KillName(int killCount){
		String killName = null;
		if(killCount==1){
			killName = "First Blood";
		}else if(killCount==2){
			killName = "Double Kill";
		}
		else if(killCount==3){
			killName = "Triple Kill";
		}
		else if(killCount>3 && killCount<8){
			killName = "牛逼";
		}
		else if(killCount==8){
			killName = "M-m-m-m…Monster Kill";
		}
		else if(killCount==9){
			killName = "Godlike";
		}
		else if(killCount==10){
			killName = "Holy Shit";
		}
		return killName;
	}*/
}

状态接口：

public interface KillState {
	String killPeople(String player,KillNameManager nameManager);
}

Client 类

public class Player {
	
	private static String playerName = "小吕布";
	/**
	 * @param args
	 */
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		KillNameManager nameManager = new KillNameManager();
		for(int i=0;i<10;i++){
			String killName = nameManager.killPeople(playerName);
			System.out.println(killName);
		}

	}

}

具体的状态类：

public class KillFirstPeopleState implements KillState {

	@Override
	public String killPeople(String player, KillNameManager nameManager) {
		String killName = "First Blood";
		if(nameManager.getMapKillCount().get(player)>0){
			nameManager.getMapKillState().put(player, new KillSecondPeopleState());
		}
		return killName;
	}

}

public class KillSecondPeopleState implements KillState {

	@Override
	public String killPeople(String player, KillNameManager nameManager) {
		String killName = "Double Kill";
		if(nameManager.getMapKillCount().get(player)>=2){
			nameManager.getMapKillState().put(player, new KillThreePeopleState());
		}
		return killName;
	}

}

public class KillThreePeopleState implements KillState {

	@Override
	public String killPeople(String player, KillNameManager nameManager) {
		String killName = "Triple Kill";
		if(nameManager.getMapKillCount().get(player)>=3 && nameManager.getMapKillCount().get(player)<8){
			nameManager.getMapKillState().put(player, new KillLotofState());
		}
		return killName;
	}

}

public class KillLotofState implements KillState {

	@Override
	public String killPeople(String player, KillNameManager nameManager) {
		String killName = "牛逼";
		if(nameManager.getMapKillCount().get(player)==8){
			nameManager.getMapKillState().put(player, new KillEightPeopleState());
		}
		return killName;
	}

}

public class KillEightPeopleState implements KillState {

	@Override
	public String killPeople(String player, KillNameManager nameManager) {
		String killName = "M-m-m-m…Monster Kill";
		if(nameManager.getMapKillCount().get(player)>=8){
			nameManager.getMapKillState().put(player, new KillNinePeopleState());
		}
		return killName;
	}

}

public class KillNinePeopleState implements KillState {

	@Override
	public String killPeople(String player, KillNameManager nameManager) {
		String killName = "Godlike";
		if(nameManager.getMapKillCount().get(player)>=9){
			nameManager.getMapKillState().put(player, new KillTenPeopleState());
		}
		return killName;
	}

}

public class KillTenPeopleState implements KillState {

	@Override
	public String killPeople(String player, KillNameManager nameManager) {
		String killName = "Holy Shit";
		
		return killName;
	}

}

运行结果：