java8 第五章-----集合

目录

 5.1、Collection接口

5.2、List接口

 5.3、Set接口

5.4、Map接口

5.5、Collections类


集合遍历方式可以查看我之前写的文章:

集合遍历(19条消息) Collection----集合四种遍历方式_Xiayebuliang的博客-CSDN博客_collection 遍历的方式

 5.1、Collection接口

常见方法:

三种遍历:

Collection<String> collection = new ArrayList<>();
collection.add("张三");
collection.add("李四");
collection.add("王五");

//第一种:使用迭代器
Iterator<String> iterator = collection.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
    String s = iterator.next();
    System.out.println(s);
}

//第二种:使用增强for,其实是迭代器的升级版
for (String s : collection) {
    System.out.println(s);
}

//第三种:使用forEach,其实是增强for的升级版
collection.forEach(s -> {
    System.out.println(s);
});

 遍历删除:

Collection<String> collection = new ArrayList<>();
collection.add("aaa");
collection.add("bbb");
collection.add("ccc");
collection.add("ddd");
//使用迭代器删除
Iterator<String> iterator = collection.iterator();
while (iterator.hasNext()) {
    String next = iterator.next();
    if (next.equals("aaa")) {
        iterator.remove();
    }
}
collection.forEach(System.out::println);

流式操作:

Stream流是由三部分组成的。数据源,零个或一个或多个中间操作,零个或一个终止操作。

在 Java 8 中,集合接口有两个方法来生成流:

  • stream() − 为集合创建串行流。
  • parallelStream() − 为集合创建并行流。

和以前的Collection操作不同,Stream操作还有两个基础的特征:

  • Pipelining :中间操作都会返回流对象本身。这样多个操作可以串联成一个管道,如同流式风格(fluent style)。这样做可以对操作进行优化,比如延迟执行(laziness)和短路( short-circuiting)。
  • 内部迭代 :以前对集合遍历都是通过Iterator或者For-Each的方式,显式的在集合外部进行迭代,这叫做外部迭代。Stream提供了内部迭代的方式,通过访问者模式(Visitor)实现。
     

 注意:Stream操作并不会存储元素,而是按需计算。

中间操作:

filter:过滤操作

Collection<String> collection = Arrays.asList("abc", "abd", "abe", "123", "456", "789", "aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "aaa");
collection.stream().filter(s -> s.startsWith("a")).forEach(System.out::println);

 distinct:去重操作

Collection<String> collection = Arrays.asList("abc", "abd", "abe", "123", "456", "789", "aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "aaa");
collection.stream().distinct().forEach(System.out::println);

limit:返回前 n 个元素

Collection<String> collection = Arrays.asList("abc", "abd", "abe", "123", "456", "789", "aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "aaa");
collection.stream().limit(5).forEach(System.out::println);

skip:跳过前 n 个元素

Collection<String> collection = Arrays.asList("abc", "abd", "abe", "123", "456", "789", "aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "aaa");
collection.stream().skip(5).forEach(System.out::println);

sorted:对流进行排序

Collection<String> collection = Arrays.asList("abc", "abd", "abe", "123", "456", "789", "aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "aaa");
collection.stream().sorted().forEach(System.out::println);

map:将每个元素映射为新元素

Collection<String> collection = Arrays.asList("abc", "abd", "abe", "123", "456", "789", "aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "aaa");
collection.stream().map(s -> s.toUpperCase()).forEach(System.out::println);

flatMap:将每个流转化为一个流

Collection<String> collection = Arrays.asList("abc", "abd", "abe", "123", "456", "789", "aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "aaa");
collection.stream()
        .map(s -> s.toLowerCase())
        .peek(s -> System.out.println("toLowerCase value: " + s))
        .map(s -> s.toUpperCase())
        .peek(s -> System.out.println("toUpperCase value: " + s))
        .forEach(System.out::println);

max:常用于获取流中最大值

Collection<Integer> collection = Arrays.asList(3, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6);
Optional<Integer> max = collection.stream().max(Comparator.comparingInt(o -> o));
max.ifPresent(System.out::println);

min:常用于获取流中最小值

Collection<Integer> collection = Arrays.asList(3, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6);
Optional<Integer> max = collection.stream().min(Comparator.comparingInt(o -> o));
max.ifPresent(System.out::println);

终止操作:

forEach:用于串行流保持顺序遍历

Collection<String> collection = Arrays.asList("abc", "abd", "abe", "123", "456", "789", "aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "aaa");
collection.parallelStream().forEach(System.out::println);

forEachOrdered:用于并行流保持顺序遍历

Collection<String> collection = Arrays.asList("abc", "abd", "abe", "123", "456", "789", "aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "aaa");
collection.parallelStream().forEachOrdered(System.out::println);

anyMatch:检查是否至少匹配一个元素

Collection<String> collection = Arrays.asList("abc", "abd", "abe", "123", "456", "789", "aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "aaa");
boolean result = collection.parallelStream().anyMatch(s -> s.equals("aaa"));
System.out.println(result);

noneMatch:检查是否没有匹配所有元素

Collection<String> collection = Arrays.asList("abc", "abd", "abe", "123", "456", "789", "aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "aaa");
boolean result = collection.parallelStream().noneMatch(s -> s.equals("aaa"));
System.out.println(result);

allMatch:检查是否匹配所有元素

Collection<String> collection = Arrays.asList("abc", "abd", "abe", "123", "456", "789", "aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "aaa");
boolean result = collection.parallelStream().allMatch(s -> s.equals("aaa"));
System.out.println(result);

findAny:将返回当前流中的任意元素

Collection<String> collection = Arrays.asList("abc", "abd", "abe", "123", "456", "789", "aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "aaa");
Optional<String> any = collection.parallelStream().findAny();
if (any.isPresent()) {
    System.out.println(any.get());
}

findFirst:将返回当前流中的第一元素

Collection<String> collection = Arrays.asList("abc", "abd", "abe", "123", "456", "789", "aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "aaa");
Optional<String> first = collection.parallelStream().findFirst();
if (first.isPresent()) {
    System.out.println(first.get());
}

count:返回当前流中元素的总数

Collection<String> collection = Arrays.asList("abc", "abd", "abe", "123", "456", "789", "aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "aaa");
long count = collection.parallelStream().count();
System.out.println(count);

reduce:对流中的数据进行计算

Collection<String> collection = Arrays.asList("abc", "abd", "abe", "123", "456", "789", "aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "aaa");
Optional<String> reduce = collection.parallelStream().reduce((acc, item) -> acc + item);
if (reduce.isPresent()) {
    System.out.println(reduce.get());
}
String string = collection.parallelStream().reduce("prefix_", (acc, item) -> acc + item);
System.out.println(string);

collect:对流中的数据进行收集

Collection<String> collection = Arrays.asList("abc", "abd", "abe", "123", "456", "789", "aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "aaa");
ArrayList<String> collect1 = collection.parallelStream().collect(Collectors.toCollection(ArrayList<String>::new));
LinkedList<String> collect2 = collection.parallelStream().collect(Collectors.toCollection(LinkedList<String>::new));
List<String> collect3 = collection.parallelStream().collect(Collectors.toList());
Set<String> collect4 = collection.parallelStream().collect(Collectors.toSet());
Map<String, String> collect5 = collection.parallelStream().collect(Collectors.toMap(k -> k, v -> v, (oldVale, newValue) -> newValue));
String string = collection.parallelStream().collect(Collectors.joining());

5.2、List接口

常见方法:

三种遍历:

List<String> list = Arrays.asList("abc", "abd", "abe", "123", "456", "789", "aaa", "bbb", "ccc", "aaa");
ListIterator<String> listIterator = list.listIterator();

//第一种:使用下标遍历
for (int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
    String s = list.get(i);
    System.out.println(i + "=" + s);
}

//第二种:从前向后遍历
while (listIterator.hasNext()) {
    int nextIndex = listIterator.nextIndex();
    String next = listIterator.next();
    System.out.println(nextIndex + "=" + next);
}

//第三种:从后向前遍历
while (listIterator.hasPrevious()) {
    int previousIndex = listIterator.previousIndex();
    String previous = listIterator.previous();
    System.out.println(previousIndex + "=" + previous);
}

遍历删除:

List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("aaa");
list.add("bbb");
list.add("ccc");
list.add("ddd");
//使用迭代器删除
ListIterator<String> listIterator = list.listIterator();
while (listIterator.hasNext()) {
    String next = listIterator.next();
    if (next.equals("bbb")) {
        listIterator.remove();
    }
}
//使用迭代器删除
while (listIterator.hasPrevious()) {
    String previous = listIterator.previous();
    if (previous.equals("ccc")) {
        listIterator.remove();
    }
}
list.forEach(System.out::println);

子类对比:

相同点:元素的存取是有序的,可以重复,可以存取null,元素有下标

不同点:

 5.3、Set接口

子类对比:

相同点:元素的存取是无序的,不能重复,可以存取null,元素无下标

不同点:

5.4、Map接口

常见方法:

 三种遍历:

Map<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put(1, "张三");
map.put(2, "李四");
map.put(3, "王五");
map.put(4, "赵六");

//第一种遍历:遍历所有键值对
Set<Map.Entry<Integer, String>> entries = map.entrySet();
entries.forEach((Map.Entry<Integer, String> entry) -> {
    System.out.println(entry.getKey() + "=" + entry.getValue());
});

//第二种遍历:遍历所有键集合
Set<Integer> keySets = map.keySet();
keySets.forEach((key) -> {
    System.out.println(key);
});

//第三种遍历:遍历所有值集合
Collection<String> values = map.values();
values.forEach((value) -> {
    System.out.println(value);
});

遍历删除:

Map<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<>();
map.put(1, "张三");
map.put(2, "李四");
map.put(3, "王五");
map.put(4, "赵六");

//第一种删除
Set<Map.Entry<Integer, String>> entries = map.entrySet();
Iterator<Map.Entry<Integer, String>> entryIterator = entries.iterator();
while (entryIterator.hasNext()) {
    Map.Entry<Integer, String> next = entryIterator.next();
    if (next.getKey() == 2) {
        entryIterator.remove();
    }
}

//第二种删除
Set<Integer> keySets = map.keySet();
Iterator<Integer> keySetIterator = keySets.iterator();
while (keySetIterator.hasNext()) {
    Integer next = keySetIterator.next();
    if (next == 3) {
        keySetIterator.remove();
    }
}

子类对比:

相同点:以键值对的形式添加元素,键不能重复,值可以重复

不同点:

5.5、Collections类

常见方法:

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