Chapter2：启动IDEA

本教程使用社区版IntelliJ IDEA 2021.1。

1 启动IDEA

当第一次使用IDEA时，进入的界面如图1.1所示。尚未新建项目，进入IDEA的首页，共有五个功能选项，如下：

序号	功能	描述
1	Projects	项目
2	Customize	自定义IDEA配置，如主题色，字体大小等
3	Plugins	第三方插件
4	Learn IntelliJ IDEA	IDEA学习资源
5	Options Menu	可选配置（菜单）
	+About	关于IDEA版本信息
	+Edit Custom Properties	配置IDEA参数
	+Edit Custom VM Options	配置VM（虚拟机）参数
	+Collect Logs and Diagnostic Data	收集日志和诊断数据，涉及敏感数据，不建议打开
	+Check for Updates	检查IDEA版本更新

图1.1 初始界面

2 Projects

Projects功能如图2.1所示，包括新建项目、打开项目或者从版本管理中获取项目（如github、gitee等）。

图2.1 项目

3 Customize

自定义配置如图3.1所示。自定义主题、字体大小、配置等，其中All settings即所有配置，包括编译器、Maven等配置。

图3.1 自定义配置

4 Plugins

插件即第三方提供的功能，如图4.1所示，插件如Scala、Sonar等增强IDEA的功能。

图4.1 插件

5 Learn IntelliJ IDEA

学习IDEA的资源，如图5.1所示。

图5.1 IDEA学习资源

6 可选配置

可选配置如图6.1所示。

图6.1 可选菜单

6.1 About

IDEA版本信息如图6.2所示。

图6.2 版本信息

6.2 Edit Custom Properties

IDEA参数配置如图6.3所示。该参数用于配置环境变量、JDK等信息。

图6.3 IDEA参数配置

已建项目的默认配置信息如下：

# Use ${idea.home.path} macro to specify location relative to IDE installation home.
# Use ${xxx} where xxx is any Java property (including defined in previous lines of this file) to refer to its value.
# Note for Windows users: please make sure you're using forward slashes (e.g. c:/idea/system).

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Uncomment this option if you want to customize path to IDE config folder. Make sure you're using forward slashes.
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# idea.config.path=${user.home}/.IdeaIC/config

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Uncomment this option if you want to customize path to IDE system folder. Make sure you're using forward slashes.
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# idea.system.path=${user.home}/.IdeaIC/system

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Uncomment this option if you want to customize path to user installed plugins folder. Make sure you're using forward slashes.
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# idea.plugins.path=${idea.config.path}/plugins

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Uncomment this option if you want to customize path to IDE logs folder. Make sure you're using forward slashes.
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# idea.log.path=${idea.system.path}/log

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Maximum file size (kilobytes) IDE should provide code assistance for.
# The larger file is the slower its editor works and higher overall system memory requirements are
# if code assistance is enabled. Remove this property or set to very large number if you need
# code assistance for any files available regardless their size.
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
idea.max.intellisense.filesize=2500

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Maximum file size (kilobytes) IDE is able to open.
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
idea.max.content.load.filesize=20000

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# This option controls console cyclic buffer: keeps the console output size not higher than the specified buffer size (Kb).
# Older lines are deleted. In order to disable cycle buffer use idea.cycle.buffer.size=disabled
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
idea.cycle.buffer.size=1024

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Configure if a special launcher should be used when running processes from within IDE.
# Using Launcher enables "soft exit" and "thread dump" features
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
idea.no.launcher=false

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# To avoid too long classpath
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
idea.dynamic.classpath=false

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Uncomment this property to prevent IDE from throwing ProcessCanceledException when user activity
# detected. This option is only useful for plugin developers, while debugging PSI related activities
# performed in background error analysis thread.
# DO NOT UNCOMMENT THIS UNLESS YOU'RE DEBUGGING IDE ITSELF. Significant slowdowns and lockups will happen otherwise.
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#idea.ProcessCanceledException=disabled

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# There are two possible values of idea.popup.weight property: "heavy" and "medium".
# If you have WM configured as "Focus follows mouse with Auto Raise" then you have to
# set this property to "medium". It prevents problems with popup menus on some
# configurations.
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
idea.popup.weight=heavy

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Removing this property may lead to editor performance degradation under Windows.
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
sun.java2d.d3d=false

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Set swing.bufferPerWindow=false to workaround a slow scrolling in JDK6 (see IDEA-35883),
# But this may lead to performance degradation in JDK8, because it disables a double buffering,
# which is needed to eliminate tearing on blit-accelerated scrolling and to restore
# a frame buffer content without the usual repainting, even when the EDT is blocked.
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
swing.bufferPerWindow=true

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Removing this property may lead to editor performance degradation under X Window.
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
sun.java2d.pmoffscreen=false

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Enables HiDPI support in JBRE
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
sun.java2d.uiScale.enabled=true

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Applicable to the Swing text components displaying HTML (except JEditorPane).
# Rebases CSS size map depending on the component's font size to let relative
# font size values (smaller, larger) scale properly. JBRE only.
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
javax.swing.rebaseCssSizeMap=true

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Workaround to avoid long hangs while accessing clipboard under Mac OS X.
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#ide.mac.useNativeClipboard=True

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# Maximum size (kilobytes) IDEA will load for showing past file contents -
# in Show Diff or when calculating Digest Diff
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#idea.max.vcs.loaded.size.kb=20480

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# IDEA file chooser peeks inside directories to detect whether they contain a valid project
# (to mark such directories with a corresponding icon).
# Uncommenting the option prevents this behavior outside of user home directory.
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
#idea.chooser.lookup.for.project.dirs=false

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Experimental option that does a number of things to make truly smooth scrolling possible:
#
# * Enables hardware-accelerated scrolling.
#     Blit-acceleration copies as much of the rendered area as possible and then repaints only newly exposed region.
#     This helps to improve scrolling performance and to reduce CPU usage (especially if drawing is compute-intensive).
#
# * Enables "true double buffering".
#     True double buffering is needed to eliminate tearing on blit-accelerated scrolling and to restore
#     frame buffer content without the usual repainting, even when the EDT is blocked.
#
# * Adds "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.debug" option.
#     Checks whether blit-accelerated scrolling is feasible, and if so, checks whether true double buffering is available.
#
# * Enables handling of high-precision mouse wheel events.
#     Although Java 7 introduced MouseWheelEven.getPreciseWheelRotation() method, JScrollPane doesn't use it so far.
#     Depends on the Editor / General / Smooth Scrolling setting, remote desktop detection and power save mode state.
#     Ideally, we need to patch the runtime (on Windows, Linux and Mac OS) to improve handling of the fine-grained input data.
#     This feature can be toggled via "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.high.precision" option.
#
# * Enables handling of pixel-perfect scrolling events.
#     Currently this mode is available only under Mac OS with JetBrains Runtime.
#     This feature can be toggled via "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.pixel.perfect" option.
#
# * Enables interpolation of scrolling input (scrollbar, mouse wheel, touchpad, keys, etc).
#     Smooths input which lacks both spatial and temporal resolution, performs the rendering asynchronously.
#     Depends on the Editor / General / Smooth Scrolling setting, remote desktop detection and power save mode state.
#     The feature can be tweaked using the following options:
#       "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.interpolation" - the main switch
#       "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.interpolation.scrollbar" - scrollbar interpolation
#       "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.interpolation.scrollbar.delay" - initial delay for scrollbar interpolation (ms)
#       "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.interpolation.mouse.wheel" - mouse wheel / touchpad interpolation
#       "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.interpolation.mouse.wheel.delay.min" - minimum initial delay for mouse wheel interpolation (ms)
#       "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.interpolation.mouse.wheel.delay.max" - maximum initial delay for mouse wheel interpolation (ms)
#       "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.interpolation.precision.touchpad" - precision touchpad interpolation
#       "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.interpolation.precision.touchpad.delay" - initial delay for precision touchpad interpolation (ms)
#       "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.interpolation.other" - interpolation of other input sources
#       "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.interpolation.other.delay" - initial delay for other input source interpolation (ms)
#
# * Adds on-demand horizontal scrollbar in editor.
#     The horizontal scrollbar is shown only when it's actually needed for currently visible content.
#     This helps to save editor space and to prevent occasional horizontal "jitter" on vertical touchpad scrolling.
#     This feature can be toggled via "idea.true.smooth.scrolling.dynamic.scrollbars" option.
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
#idea.true.smooth.scrolling=true

#---------------------------------------------------------------------
# The VM option value to be used to start a JVM in debug mode.
# Some JREs define it in a different way (-XXdebug in Oracle VM)
#---------------------------------------------------------------------
idea.xdebug.key=-Xdebug

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Change to 'enabled' if you want to receive instant visual notifications
# about fatal errors that happen to an IDE or plugins installed.
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
idea.fatal.error.notification=disabled

6.3 Edit Custom VM Options

配置VM（虚拟机）参数，默认参数如图6.4所示。

图6.4 VM配置参数

6.4 Collect Logs and Diagnostic Data

收集日志和诊断信息，可能包含敏感数据，不建议开启，如图6.5所示。

图6.5 收集日志和诊断数据

6.5 Check for Updates

检查IDEA版本更新，如图6.6所示。

图6.6 检查版本更新

7 小结

本章讲解：
启动IDEA后，五个功能：

序号	功能	描述
1	Projects	项目
2	Customize	自定义IDEA配置，如主题色，字体大小等
3	Plugins	第三方插件
4	Learn IntelliJ IDEA	IDEA学习资源
5	Options Menu	可选配置（菜单）
	+About	关于IDEA版本信息
	+Edit Custom Properties	配置IDEA参数
	+Edit Custom VM Options	配置VM（虚拟机）参数
	+Collect Logs and Diagnostic Data	收集日志和诊断数据，涉及敏感数据，不建议打开
	+Check for Updates	检查IDEA版本更新