Python问题总结（二）

每篇10个问题.
Python问题总结(一)
Python问题总结(三)

1 gunicorn启动

cal/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/app/base.py", line 72, in run
    Arbiter(self).run()
  File "/home/SP-in-WEB/xindq/imageStyleTransform/py2envgpu/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 232, in run
    self.halt(reason=inst.reason, exit_status=inst.exit_status)
  File "/home/SP-in-WEB/xindq/imageStyleTransform/py2envgpu/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 345, in halt
    self.stop()
  File "/home/SP-in-WEB/xindq/imageStyleTransform/py2envgpu/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 393, in stop
    time.sleep(0.1)
  File "/home/SP-in-WEB/xindq/imageStyleTransform/py2envgpu/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 245, in handle_chld
    self.reap_workers()
  File "/home/SP-in-WEB/xindq/imageStyleTransform/py2envgpu/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/gunicorn/arbiter.py", line 525, in reap_workers
    raise HaltServer(reason, self.WORKER_BOOT_ERROR)
gunicorn.errors.HaltServer: <HaltServer 'Worker failed to boot.' 3>

• 原因
  后台进程，supervisor不能监控
• 解决
  使用Gunicorn的守护进程模式。gunicorn -D

2 base64网络安全模式

• 问题

InvalidArgumentError (see above for traceback): Invalid character found in base64.

• 原因
  base64中含有+和-符号,网络通讯需要web-safe模式下的base64.
• 解决

img_base64 = image_base64.replace('+', '-').replace(r'/', '_')

3 数据库迁移

• 问题

INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.

• 原因
  flask数据库只有一个版本的表，未生成新表。
• 解决
  (1) 进入数据库

+-------------------+
| Tables_in_webdata |
+-------------------+
| alembic_version   |
| datas             |
| projects          |
| robots            |
| tests             |
| users             |
+-------------------+

(2) 查看alembic_version

select * from alembic_version
+--------------+
| version_num  |
+--------------+
| 54bb4393d149 |
+--------------+

(3) 清空alembic_version

truncate alembic_version

(4) 迁移&更新

python run.py db migrate

# 提示信息
python run.py db migrate 
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.
INFO  [alembic.autogenerate.compare] Detected added column 'projects.department'
  Generating /Users/xindaqi/xinPrj/FlaskPrj/AIWeb/migrations/versions/b1383ba36178_.py ... done

python run.py db upgrade

# 提示信息
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Context impl MySQLImpl.
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Will assume non-transactional DDL.
INFO  [alembic.runtime.migration] Running upgrade  -> b1383ba36178, empty message

4 python2中文提示错误

• 问题

SyntaxError: Non-ASCII character '\xe5' in file testFunction.py on line 5, but no encoding declared; see http://python.org/dev/peps/pep-0263/ for details

• 原因
  代码中含有中文信息或中文注释.
• 解决
  代码首行加入编码utf-8

# -*-coding:utf-8-*-

5 numpy.array输出全部数据

• 问题
  numpy.array数据较多时，会用省略符号…代替数据，而不输出所有数据；
• 原因
  numpy.array默认输出数据量有限；
• 解决
  输出numpy.array数据前，设置输出数据量；

# threshold 表示输出的数据量
np.set_printoptions(threshold=1e6)

6 python3.x ASCII编码错误

• Error

 File "/home/SP-in-WEB/xindq/couplets/py3gpu/lib/python3.5/encodings/ascii.py", line 26, in decode
    return codecs.ascii_decode(input, self.errors)[0]
UnicodeDecodeError: 'ascii' codec can't decode byte 0xe6 in position 0: ordinal not in range(128)

• Reason
  python3.x编码只有str和unicode，服务器Ubuntu编码规则默认读取ascii码，读取非ascii编码数据，如中文，会报错，需要转换Unicode（万国码）。
• Solve
  (1) 读取文件使用Unicode编码

with open("word.txt", 'r',encoding='utf8') as f:
	a = f.read()

(2) 字符串使用Unicode

str = "苹果"
str.encode('utf8')

7 python3.x字符str输出

• Demo

str = '苹果'
print('str:' + str.decode('utf8'))

• Error1

'str' object has no attribute 'decode'

• Plan
  字符串使用编码属性。

print('str:' + str.encode('utf8'))

• Error2

TypeError: Can't convert 'bytes' object to str implicitly

• Solve

print("str:{}".format(str.encode('utf8')))

说明：
str需编码输出str.encode
bytes需解码输出bytes.decode

8 缩进

• Problem

IndentationError: unindent does not match any outer indentation level

• Reason
  缩进出现错误,使用tab缩进,而不是空格缩进.
• Solve
  重新修改问题代码段,使用tab缩进.

9 pillow图像处理

• Problem

TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for /: 'PngImageFile' and 'float'

• Reason
  我也很无奈啊~,这个图片Pillow就是不能解码,放弃挣扎了.
• Solve
  换一张图片处理.

10 pip命令失效

10.1 pip(2)

• pip install

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/pip", line 9, in <module>
    from pip import main
ImportError: cannot import name main

• Resolve

cd /usr/bin
sudo vim pip
from pip import main
if __name__ == "__main__":
	sys.exit(main())

• Edit

from pip import __main__
if __name__ == "__main__":
	sys.exit(__main__._main())

• or Edit

from pip._internal import main

10.2 pip3

• pip3 install

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/usr/bin/pip3", line 11, in <module>
    sys.exit(main())
NameError: name 'main' is not defined

• Resolve

cd /usr/bin
sudo vim pip3
from pip import main
if __name__ == "__main__":
	sys.exit(main())

• Edit

from pip import __main__
if __name__ == "__main__":
	sys.exit(__main__._main())

• or Edit

from pip._internal import main

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[参考文献]
[1]https://blog.csdn.net/zong596568821xp/article/details/80410416

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