【IoT】从3GPP角度了解移动通信发展历程

Hi，我是Cherry。
最近反思了一下下，发现：做了1年多的IoT项目，居然连啥是2G、3G、4G，都不了解！于是，我从网上找了一堆的资料，看完后，发现，还是一头雾水…
再于是，我偶然发现部分文章上都有写到3GPP给啥啥啥定义…
又于是，了解了下这个组织，决定从这个组织的角度去看啥是2G、3G、4G…
最后于是，我决定翻译下他们的某个页面的章节(3GPP是纯英文的网站)。
主题就是：从3GPP角度了解移动通信发展历程，初步了解：什么是2G、3G、4G、5G。

原文出自于：https://www.3gpp.org/about-3gpp/about-3gpp

3GPP组织

3GPP的官网：www.3gpp.org

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) unites telecommunications standard development organizations (ARIB, ATIS, CCSA, ETSI, TSDSI, TTA, TTC), known as “Organizational Partners” and provides their members with a stable environment to produce the Reports and Specifications that define 3GPP technologies.

3GPP全称为The 3rd Generation Partnership Project，联合了通信标准开发组织（ARIB，ATIS，CCSA，ETSI，TSDSI，TTA，TTC），称为“组织伙伴”，并为期成员提供稳定的环境，以生产、定义3GPP技术的报告和规范。

The project covers cellular telecommunications technologies, including radio access, core network and service capabilities, which provide a complete system description for mobile telecommunications.

3GPP项目覆盖移动通信技术，包含：无线接入，核心网和服务能力，为移动通信提供完整系统描述。

The 3GPP specifications also provide hooks for non-radio access to the core network,and for interworking with non-3GPP networks.

3GPP规范也为非无线接入核心网和非3GPP的网络连接的HooKs（钩子）。

3GPP specifications and studies are contribution-driven, by member companies, in Working Groups and at the Technical Specification Group level.

3GPP规范和研究是由成员公司、工作组织和技术规格小组等级的贡献驱动的。

The three Technical Specification Groups (TSG) in 3GPP are;
 Radio Access Networks (RAN),
 Services & Systems Aspects (SA),
 Core Network & Terminals (CT)

3GPP共有3个技术规格小组（TSG，Technical Specification Groups）：

• 无线接入网络（RAN，Radio Accesss Networks）
• 服务和系统部分（SA，Services&Systems Aspects）
• 核心网&终端（CT，Core Network & Terminals）

移动系统概览（Generations of Mobile Systems）

1G

Analogue technology, from the 1980s onwards.
Various technologies were deployed, Nationally or Regionally, including:
NMT (Nordic Mobile Telephone), AMPS (Advanced Mobile Phone System), TACS (Total Access Communications System), A-Netz to E-Netz, Radiocom 2000, RTMI (Radio Telefono Mobile Integrato), JTACS (Japan Total Access Communications System) and TZ-80n (Source:wikipedia)

模拟技术，从20世纪80年代开始。各种技术被开展，无论是全国性地，还是地方性的，包含：

• 北欧移动电话（NMT，Nordic Mobile Telephone）；
• 高级移动电话系统（AMPS，Advanced Mobile Phone System）
• 全向通信系统（TACS， Total Access Communications System）
• A-Netz to E-Netz
• Radiocom 2000
• 无线电通信、移动集成（RTMI，Radio Telefono Mobile Integrato）
• 日本权限通信系统（JTACS， Japan Total Access Communications System）
• TZ-80n

2G

First digital systems, deployed in the 1990s introducing voice, SMS and data services.
The Primary 2G technologies are: GSM/GPRS & EDGE, CDMAOne, PDC, iDEN, IS-136 or D-AMPS.

第1个数字系统，20世纪90年代开展部署，引入：语音，SMS和数据服务。
主要的2G技术：

• GSM/GPRS & EDGE
• CDMAOne
• PDC
• iDEN
• IS-136
• D-AMPS

3G

The 3G system from 3GPP is based on evolved Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) core networks and the radio access technologies that they support.
This has allowed for the maintenance and development of GSM, with the evolution of General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) and Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE), as well as further developments with the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) and High Speed Packet data Access (HSPA).
3G brought a global vision to the evolution of mobile networks, with the creation of the ITU’s family of IMT-2000 systems which included EDGE, CDMA2000 1X/EVDO and UMTS-HSPA+ radio access technologies.

3GPP的3G系统，是基于演进的全球移动通信(GSM)系统核心网和其所支持的无线点接入技术。

随着通用分组无线电业务（GPRS，General Packet Radio Service）的发展和GSM演进的增强数据速率（EDGE，Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution）,以及通用移动通信系统（UMTS，Universal Mobile Telecommunications System）和高速分组数据访问（High Speed Packet data Acces）的进一步发展，这需要GSM的维护和开发允许。

伴随着ITU的IMT-2000系统系列创建（其中，包括：EDGE， CDMA20001X/EVDO， UMTS-HSPA+无线电接入技术），3G为移动网络的发展带来了全球视野。

3G/4G

LTE and LTE-Advanced have crossed the “generational boundary” offering the next generation(s) of capabilities. With their capacity for high speed data, significant spectral efficiencies and adoption of advanced radio techniques, their emergence has been the basis for all new mobile systems from Release 8 onwards.
It should be noted that LTE-Advanced (From Release 10) is 3GPP’s ITU-R IMT-Advanced radio interface. LTE-Advanced is the first true 4G technology to be specified by 3GPP.
LTE-Advanced Pro is the name that helps the industry describe what has been achieved with the completion of Release 13. LTE Pro is set to be used by other sectors, beyond telecoms, including Critical Communications (blue light services & other Mission Critical systems), the machine-to-machine or Internet of Things (IoT) sector, Transport (Rail, ITS, etc), Education and many other areas. LTE-Advanced Pro is 3GPP’s stepping stone to 5G systems.

LTE和LTE-Advanced已经跨越了“世代界限”，提供了下一个世代的能力，提供高速数据能力，采用显示的频谱效率和先进的无线电技术，它的出现已经成为了基于Release 8起的所有新的移动系统的基础。

请注意，LTE-Advanced（从Release10）是3GPP的ITU-R IMT-Advanced无线电接口。LTE-Advanced 是3GPP指定的第一个真正的4G技术。

LTE-Advanced Pro这个名字可以帮助业界描述Release13完成所取得的成就。LTE Pro被设计为可用于电信以外的其他领域，包括：

• 关键通信（蓝光服务&其他关键任务系统）
• 机对机或物联网领域
• 传输（铁路，ITS等）
• 教育
• 其他领域

LTE-Advanced Pro是3GPP定义的5G系统的跳板。

5G

5G brings another major technology step, with the creation of a ‘New Radio’ (NR).
Unlike with 4G, where 3GPP hesitated to join the generational march onwards beyond 3G, we have embraced the alignment of the industry on NR and on LTE-Advanced Pro to provide 5G – from 3GPP Release 15 onwards.

随着“新无线电”（NR）的诞生，5G带来了另一个重大技术进步。

不像4G，3GPP会犹豫在3G之后是否加入全球化的行军。我们已经拥抱NR和LTE-Advanced Pro的联盟，促进5G从3GPP Release15基础上前行。

3GPP标准版本变更

划重点

• 1G是模拟技术
• 2G是第1个数字系统，加入了：语音、SMS和数据服务。GSM/GPRS
• 3G是基于演进的全球移动通信（GSM）系统核心网和其所支持的无线点接入技术，引入了全球化视野
• 3G/4G实现了全球化。LTE-Advanced（从Release 10）是第1个真正的4G技术；LTE-Advanced Pro（Release 13）是5G系统的跳板。
• 5G 以全球化的思想启航（Release 15）