设计模式-发布订阅模式

简单的 C++ 代码示例，用于实现发布/订阅模式：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <map>
#include <algorithm>
using namespace std;
class Subscriber {
public:
    virtual ~Subscriber() {}
    virtual void update(const string& message) = 0;
};
class Publisher {
public:
    void addSubscriber(string topic, Subscriber* subscriber) {
        subscribers[topic].push_back(subscriber);
    }
    void removeSubscriber(string topic, Subscriber* subscriber) {
        auto& topicSubscribers = subscribers[topic];
        topicSubscribers.erase(remove(topicSubscribers.begin(), topicSubscribers.end(), subscriber), topicSubscribers.end());
    }
    void publish(string topic, string message) {
        auto& topicSubscribers = subscribers[topic];
        for (auto subscriber : topicSubscribers) {
            subscriber->update(message);
        }
    }
private:
    map<string, vector<Subscriber*>> subscribers;
};
class User : public Subscriber {
public:
    User(string name) : name(name) {}
    void subscribe(Publisher& publisher, string topic) {
        publisher.addSubscriber(topic, this);
        subscribedTopics.push_back(topic);
    }
    void unsubscribe(Publisher& publisher, string topic) {
        publisher.removeSubscriber(topic, this);
        subscribedTopics.erase(remove(subscribedTopics.begin(), subscribedTopics.end(), topic), subscribedTopics.end());
    }
    void update(const string& message) override {
        cout << name << " received message: " << message << endl;
    }
private:
    string name;
    vector<string> subscribedTopics;
};
int main() {
    Publisher publisher;
    User user1("Alice"), user2("Bob"), user3("Charlie");
    user1.subscribe(publisher, "topic1");
    user2.subscribe(publisher, "topic1");
    user2.subscribe(publisher, "topic2");
    user3.subscribe(publisher, "topic2");
    publisher.publish("topic1", "Hello, topic1 subscribers!");
    publisher.publish("topic2", "Hello, topic2 subscribers!");
    user2.unsubscribe(publisher, "topic1");
    publisher.publish("topic1", "Hello again, topic1 subscribers!");
    publisher.publish("topic2", "Hello again, topic2 subscribers!");
    return 0;
}

该示例中包含以下类：

• Subscriber：订阅者类，提供了抽象的 update 方法，用于接收发布者发送的消息。

• Publisher：发布者类，提供了添加/删除订阅者和发布消息的方法。

• User：用户类，继承自订阅者类，提供了订阅/取消订阅主题的方法，以及具体的更新方法，用于接收发布者发送的消息。

• 在 main 函数中，我们创建了一个发布者和三个用户，并让用户订阅不同的主题。然后，我们向不同的主题发布消息，从而测试发布/订阅模式的实现。