类和对象：为什么C++推荐使用多态

优势：

在开发中追求开放扩展，封闭修改，多态的使用使得源程序可以更方便的进行扩展而不需要修改源代码。同时多态也使代码的可读性更强。

案例1：利用多态实现计算器类

class AbstractClaculator
{
public:
	virtual int getResult()
	{
		return 0;
	}
	int m_Num1;
	int m_Num2;
};
class Addcalculator:public AbstractClaculator
{
	int getResult()
	{
		return m_Num1 + m_Num2;
	}
};
class Subcalculator :public AbstractClaculator
{
	int getResult()
	{
		return m_Num1 - m_Num2;
	}
};
class Mulcalculator:public AbstractClaculator
{
public:
	int getResult()
	{
		return m_Num1 * m_Num2;
	}
};
void test02()
{
	//多态使用条件
	//父类指针或引用指向子类
	AbstractClaculator* abc = new Addcalculator;
	abc->m_Num1 = 10;
	abc->m_Num2 = 10;
	cout << abc->m_Num1 << "+" << abc->m_Num2 << "=" << abc->getResult() << endl;
	delete abc;
	abc = new Subcalculator;
	abc->m_Num1 = 100;
	abc->m_Num2 = 100;
	cout << abc->m_Num1 << "-" << abc->m_Num2 << "=" << abc->getResult() << endl;
	delete abc;
	abc = new Mulcalculator;
	abc->m_Num1 = 10;
	abc->m_Num2 = 10;
	cout << abc->m_Num1 << "*" << abc->m_Num2 << "=" << abc->getResult() << endl;
	delete abc;
}

案例2：利用多态实现制作饮品的类

class AbstractDrinking
{
public:
	virtual void Boil() = 0;
	virtual void Brew() = 0;
	virtual void PourInCup() = 0;
	virtual void Put() = 0;
	void makeDrink()
	{
		Boil();
		Brew();
		PourInCup();
		Put();
	}
};
class Tea :public AbstractDrinking
{
	virtual void Boil()
	{
		cout << "烧矿泉水" << endl;
	}
	virtual void Brew()
	{
		cout << "放入茶叶" << endl;
	}
	virtual void PourInCup()
	{
		cout << "将茶叶放入杯中" << endl;
	}
	virtual void Put()
	{
		cout << "加入枸杞和菊花" << endl;
	}
};
void doWork(AbstractDrinking* abs)
{
	abs->makeDrink();
	delete abs;
}
void test01()
{
	doWork(new Tea);
}

如果需要增加其他种类的饮品，只需要写新的子类，而不需要修改原来的基类AbstractDrinking