Python: pyqt5 自己写一个窗口文本编辑器

PyQt5是Digia的一套Qt5应用框架与python的结合，同时支持2.x和3.x。Qt库由Riverbank Computing开发，是最强大的GUI库之一。

>>> 今天，我们将尝试用pyqt5写一个文本编辑器。

效果如图：

 支持以下功能：复制、剪切、粘帖、保存、全选、读取、撤回、前进、加粗、斜体、下划线、字体、字号、左中右对齐、打印。

>>> Tips：完整代码在本页最后~

---

一、安装模块

使用pip安装pyqt5：

pip install -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple pyqt5

---

二、导入模块

导入所需模块：

from PyQt5.QtGui import *
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import *
from PyQt5.QtCore import *
from PyQt5.QtPrintSupport import *

import os
import sys
import uuid

---

三、初始化定义

首先，我们先初始化定义一些后文所需函数。这里如果有看不懂，看到后文就可以理解了。

FONT_SIZES = [7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 18, 24, 36, 48, 64, 72, 96, 144, 288]
IMAGE_EXTENSIONS = ['.jpg','.png','.bmp']
HTML_EXTENSIONS = ['.htm', '.html']

def hexuuid():
    return uuid.uuid4().hex

def splitext(p):
    return os.path.splitext(p)[1].lower()

class TextEdit(QTextEdit):
    def canInsertFromMimeData(self, source):
        if source.hasImage():
            return True
        else:
            return super(TextEdit, self).canInsertFromMimeData(source)

    def insertFromMimeData(self, source):
        cursor = self.textCursor()
        document = self.document()

        if source.hasUrls():
            for u in source.urls():
                file_ext = splitext(str(u.toLocalFile()))
                if u.isLocalFile() and file_ext in IMAGE_EXTENSIONS:
                    image = QImage(u.toLocalFile())
                    document.addResource(QTextDocument.ImageResource, u, image)
                    cursor.insertImage(u.toLocalFile())
                else:
                    break
            else:
                return

        elif source.hasImage():
            image = source.imageData()
            uuid = hexuuid()
            document.addResource(QTextDocument.ImageResource, uuid, image)
            cursor.insertImage(uuid)
            return

        super(TextEdit, self).insertFromMimeData(source)

---

四、设置主窗口

开始使用pyqt5，建立一个主窗口，添加按钮等元素位置。

class MainWindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__(*args, **kwargs)

        layout = QVBoxLayout()
        self.editor = TextEdit()
        self.editor.setAutoFormatting(QTextEdit.AutoAll)
        self.editor.selectionChanged.connect(self.update_format)
        
        font = QFont('Times', 12)
        self.editor.setFont(font)
        self.editor.setFontPointSize(12)
        self.path = None
        layout.addWidget(self.editor)

        container = QWidget()
        container.setLayout(layout)
        self.setCentralWidget(container)
        self.status = QStatusBar()
        self.setStatusBar(self.status)

        file_toolbar = QToolBar("文件")
        file_toolbar.setIconSize(QSize(14, 14))
        self.addToolBar(file_toolbar)
        file_menu = self.menuBar().addMenu("&文件")

        open_file_action = QAction(QIcon(os.path.join('images', 'blue-folder-open-document.png')), "打开文件", self)
        open_file_action.setStatusTip("从本地磁盘中读取文件..")
        open_file_action.triggered.connect(self.file_open)
        file_menu.addAction(open_file_action)
        file_toolbar.addAction(open_file_action)

        save_file_action = QAction(QIcon(os.path.join('images', 'disk.png')), "保存", self)
        save_file_action.setStatusTip("保存到本地磁盘..")
        save_file_action.triggered.connect(self.file_save)
        file_menu.addAction(save_file_action)
        file_toolbar.addAction(save_file_action)

        saveas_file_action = QAction(QIcon(os.path.join('images', 'disk--pencil.png')), "另存为", self)
        saveas_file_action.setStatusTip("另存为文件..")
        saveas_file_action.triggered.connect(self.file_saveas)
        file_menu.addAction(saveas_file_action)
        file_toolbar.addAction(saveas_file_action)

        print_action = QAction(QIcon(os.path.join('images', 'printer.png')), "打印", self)
        print_action.setStatusTip("打印本页..")
        print_action.triggered.connect(self.file_print)
        file_menu.addAction(print_action)
        file_toolbar.addAction(print_action)

        edit_toolbar = QToolBar("编辑")
        edit_toolbar.setIconSize(QSize(16, 16))
        self.addToolBar(edit_toolbar)
        edit_menu = self.menuBar().addMenu("&编辑")

        undo_action = QAction(QIcon(os.path.join('images', 'arrow-curve-180-left.png')), "撤回", self)
        undo_action.setStatusTip("撤回上一个操作..")
        undo_action.triggered.connect(self.editor.undo)
        edit_menu.addAction(undo_action)

        redo_action = QAction(QIcon(os.path.join('images', 'arrow-curve.png')), "重做", self)
        redo_action.setStatusTip("重做撤回的操作..")
        redo_action.triggered.connect(self.editor.redo)
        edit_toolbar.addAction(redo_action)
        edit_menu.addAction(redo_action)

        edit_menu.addSeparator()

        cut_action = QAction(QIcon(os.path.join('images', 'scissors.png')), "剪切", self)
        cut_action.setStatusTip("剪切选定内容..")
        cut_action.setShortcut(QKeySequence.Cut)
        cut_action.triggered.connect(self.editor.cut)
        edit_toolbar.addAction(cut_action)
        edit_menu.addAction(cut_action)

        copy_action = QAction(QIcon(os.path.join('images', &