当web服务器接收到客户端的http请求时,会分别创建一个代表请求的HttpServletRequest对象以及一个代表响应的HttpServletResponse对象;
- 如果要获取客户端请求过来的参数,可通过HttpServletRequest来完成
- 如果要给客户端响应一些信息,可通过HttpServletResponse来完成
1、HttpServletResponse方法
- HttpServletResponse中负责向浏览器发送数据的方法:
ServletOutputStream getOutputStream() throws IOException;
PrintWriter getWriter() throws IOException;
注:HttpServletResponse是一个接口,所以只声明了方法,并没有方法的具体实现。服务器创建的对象实现上是HttpServletResponse实现类的对象。
- 负责向浏览器发送响应头的方法
void setCharacterEncoding(String var1);
void setContentLength(int var1);
void setContentLengthLong(long var1);
void setContentType(String var1);
void setDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
void addDateHeader(String var1, long var2);
void setHeader(String var1, String var2);
void addHeader(String var1, String var2);
void setIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
void addIntHeader(String var1, int var2);
- 响应的状态码
int SC_CONTINUE = 100;
int SC_SWITCHING_PROTOCOLS = 101;
int SC_OK = 200;
int SC_CREATED = 201;
int SC_ACCEPTED = 202;
int SC_NON_AUTHORITATIVE_INFORMATION = 203;
int SC_NO_CONTENT = 204;
int SC_RESET_CONTENT = 205;
int SC_PARTIAL_CONTENT = 206;
int SC_MULTIPLE_CHOICES = 300;
int SC_MOVED_PERMANENTLY = 301;
int SC_MOVED_TEMPORARILY = 302;
int SC_FOUND = 302;
int SC_SEE_OTHER = 303;
int SC_NOT_MODIFIED = 304;
int SC_USE_PROXY = 305;
int SC_TEMPORARY_REDIRECT = 307;
int SC_BAD_REQUEST = 400;
int SC_UNAUTHORIZED = 401;
int SC_PAYMENT_REQUIRED = 402;
int SC_FORBIDDEN = 403;
int SC_NOT_FOUND = 404;
int SC_METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED = 405;
int SC_NOT_ACCEPTABLE = 406;
int SC_PROXY_AUTHENTICATION_REQUIRED = 407;
int SC_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 408;
int SC_CONFLICT = 409;
int SC_GONE = 410;
int SC_LENGTH_REQUIRED = 411;
int SC_PRECONDITION_FAILED = 412;
int SC_REQUEST_ENTITY_TOO_LARGE = 413;
int SC_REQUEST_URI_TOO_LONG = 414;
int SC_UNSUPPORTED_MEDIA_TYPE = 415;
int SC_REQUESTED_RANGE_NOT_SATISFIABLE = 416;
int SC_EXPECTATION_FAILED = 417;
int SC_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR = 500;
int SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED = 501;
int SC_BAD_GATEWAY = 502;
int SC_SERVICE_UNAVAILABLE = 503;
int SC_GATEWAY_TIMEOUT = 504;
int SC_HTTP_VERSION_NOT_SUPPORTED = 505;
2.HttpServletResponse实现下载文件
使用HttpServletResponse下载文件的流程:
1.获取要下载文件的路径
2.获取要下载的文件名
3.设置想办法让浏览器能够支持下载我们需要的东西
4.获取下载文件的输入流
5.创建缓冲区
6.获取OutputStream对象
7.将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区
8.使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端
实现代码:
public class FileServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
//1.获取下载文件的路径
String realPath = this.getServletContext().getRealPath("/WEB-INF/classes/a.png");// '/'表示web根目录
System.out.println("下载的文件路径:" + realPath);
//2.获取要下载的文件名
String fileName = realPath.substring(realPath.lastIndexOf("\\") + 1);
//3.设置想办法让浏览器能够支持(Content-Disposition)下载我们需要的东西,中文文件名URLEncoder.encode编码,否则有可能乱码
resp.setHeader("Content-Disposition","attachment;filename="+ URLEncoder.encode(fileName,"UTF-8"));
//4.获取下载文件的输入流
FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(new File(realPath));
//5.创建缓冲区
int len = 0;
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
//6.获取OutputStream对象
ServletOutputStream out = resp.getOutputStream();
//7. 将FileOutputStream流写入到buffer缓冲区,使用OutputStream将缓冲区中的数据输出到客户端!
while ((len=in.read(buffer)) != -1) {
out.write(buffer,0,len);
}
in.close();
out.close();
}
}
3.HttpServletResponse实现重定向与HttpServletRequest实现转发
重定向与转发的区别:转发和重定向的区别和使用
java实现代码:
public class OneServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.print("这是One<br/>");
//向请求域中添加键和值
req.setAttribute("name","xld");
req.setAttribute("age", 22); //整数类型
String name = (String) req.getAttribute("name");
int age = (int) req.getAttribute("age");
//从请求域中取出值
out.print("名字:" + name + "<br/>");
out.print("年龄:" + age );
out.print("<hr/>");
//开始转发,参数是:要跳转到的地址
//req.getRequestDispatcher("/two").forward(req, resp);
//使用重定向
resp.sendRedirect("two");
out.close();
}
}
public class TwoServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
resp.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
PrintWriter out = resp.getWriter();
out.print("这是TwoServlet,从请求域中取出OneServlet中的值:" );
out.print("姓名:" + req.getAttribute("name"));
out.print("年龄:" + req.getAttribute("age"));
out.close();
}
}
4.HttpServletRequest
HttpServletRequest代表客户端的请求,用户可以通过Http协议访问服务器,而HTTP请求中的所有信息都会被封装到HttpServletRequest,通过这个HttpServletRequest的方法,获得客户端的所有信息
java实现代码:
public class ReqServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
System.out.println("url路径:"+req.getRequestURL());
System.out.println("uri路径:"+req.getRequestURI());
System.out.println("context路径:"+req.getContextPath());
}
}