进程间通信系列（一）管道读写实例

一、管道读写注意点

1.只有在管道读端存在时，向管道写入才有意义；否则，会收到内核中的出错信号：SIFPIPE

2.向管道写入数据时不保证写入的原子性，管道缓冲区一有空闲区域，写进程就试图向其写入内容。若读进程不读取管道中的内容，则写进程会一直阻塞。

3.父子进程在运行时，它们的先后顺序得不到保证。因此在这里，为保证父进程关闭读描述符，可向子进程加入sleep(2)。

二、实例

1.无名管道

/*pipe_rw.c*/
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main()
{
	int pipe_fd[2];
	pid_t pid;
	char buf_r[100];
	char* p_wbuf;
	int r_num;
	memset(buf_r,0,sizeof(buf_r));
	if(pipe(pipe_fd)<0)
	{
	printf("pipe create error\n");
	return -1;
	}
	if((pid=fork())==0)    //若是子进程
	{
		printf("\n");
		/*关闭子进程管道写端。睡眠2秒，确保父进程已相应地关闭了管道读端*/
		close(pipe_fd[1]);
		sleep(2);
		/*子进程读取管道内容*/
		if((r_num=read(pipe_fd[0],buf_r,100))>0){
			printf(   "%d numbers read from the pipe is %s\n",r_num,buf_r);
		}	
		/*关闭子进程读端*/
		close(pipe_fd[0]);
		exit(0);
  	}
	else if(pid>0)
	{	/*关闭父进程读端*/
		close(pipe_fd[0]);
		/*分两次向管道写入数据*/
		if(write(pipe_fd[1],"Hello",5)!=-1)
			printf("parent write1 success!\n");
		if(write(pipe_fd[1]," Pipe",5)!=-1)
			printf("parent write2 success!\n");
		/*关闭父进程写端并睡眠3秒，让子进程读数据*/
		close(pipe_fd[1]);
		sleep(3);
		/*收集子进程退出信息*/
		waitpid(pid,NULL,0);
		exit(0);
	}
}

运行结果如下：

[root@localhost ipc]# ./pipe_rw

parent write1 success!
parent write2 success!
10 numbers read from the pipe is Hello Pipe

2.有名管道

/*fifo_write.c*/
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define FIFO_SERVER "/tmp/myfifo"

main(int argc,char** argv)
{
	int fd;
	char w_buf[100];
	int nwrite;
	
	if(fd==-1)
		if(errno==ENXIO)
			printf("open error; no reading process\n");
	/*打开有名管道，并设置为非阻塞*/
	fd=open(FIFO_SERVER,O_WRONLY|O_NONBLOCK,0);
	if(argc==1)
		printf("Please send something\n");
	strcpy(w_buf,argv[1]);
	/*向管道写入字符串*/
	if((nwrite=write(fd,w_buf,100))==-1)
	{
		if(errno==EAGAIN)
			printf("The FIFO has not been read yet.Please try later\n");
	}
	else 
		printf("write %s to the FIFO\n",w_buf);
}


/*fifo_read.c*/

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#define FIFO "/tmp/myfifo"

main(int argc,char** argv)
{
	char buf_r[100];
	int  fd;
	int  nread;
	
	/*创建有名管道,并设置相应的权限*/
	if((mkfifo(FIFO,O_CREAT|O_EXCL)<0)&&(errno!=EEXIST))
		printf("cannot create fifoserver\n");
	printf("Preparing for reading bytes...\n");
	
	memset(buf_r,0,sizeof(buf_r));
	/*打开有名管道，并设置非阻塞标志*/
	fd=open(FIFO,O_RDONLY|O_NONBLOCK,0);
	if(fd==-1)
	{
		perror("open");
		exit(1);	
	}
	while(1)
	{
		memset(buf_r,0,sizeof(buf_r));
		/*读取管道中的字符串*/
		if((nread=read(fd,buf_r,100))==-1){
			if(errno==EAGAIN)
				printf("no data yet\n");
		}
		printf("read %s from FIFO\n",buf_r);
		sleep(1);
	}	
	pause();
	unlink(FIFO);
}

运行结果：

终端1：

[root@localhost ipc]# ./fifo_write 123123
write 123123 to the FIFO

终端2：

[root@localhost ipc]# ./fifo_read
Preparing for reading bytes...
read  from FIFO
read  from FIFO
read  from FIFO
read  from FIFO
read  from FIFO
read 123123 from FIFO
read  from FIFO