C语言单链表的创建、输出、插入结点、删除结点

链表对于C语言的学习者来说是一大难点，但链表又是学好数据结构的基础。在此，对单链表的创建、输出、结点的插入、结点的删除进行简要介绍。

1、首先定义一个结构体数组

#define LEN sizeof(struct student)
struct student
{
	int num;
	char name[20];
	float score;
	struct student *next;
};
int n;

2、单链表的创建

 

struct student *creat(void)//创建链表 
{
	n=0;
	struct student *p1,*p2,*head;
	head=NULL;
	p1=p2=(struct student *)malloc(LEN);//开辟新单元
	scanf("%d,%s,%f",&p1->num,&p1->name,p1->score);//输入数据
	while(p1->num!=0)//限定当num为0时，链表输入结束
	{
		n++;
		if(n==1)head=p1;
		else
		p2->next=p1;
		p2=p1;
		p1=(struct student *)malloc(LEN);
	    scanf("%d,%s,%f",&p1->num,&p1->name,p1->score);
	 } 
	 p2->next=NULL;
	 return head;
}

3、单链表的输出

     

void print(struct student *head)//输出链表 
{
	printf("\nthere are %d records\n",n);
	struct student *p;
	p=head;
	if(head!=NULL)
		do
		{
			printf("%d,%s,%.0f\n",p->num,p->name,p->score);
			p=p->next;
			
		}
		while(p!=NULL);
}

4、单链表结点删除

struct student *del(struct student *head,int num)//删除一个节点 
{
	struct student *p,*p1;
	p=head;
	if(head==NULL)//当链表为空时
	{
		printf("this table is null\n");
		goto end;
	}
	while(num!=p->num&&p->next!=NULL)//判断链表中是否存在该结点
	{
		p1=p;
		p=p->next;
	}
	if(num==p->num)//当结点存在时
	{
		if(p==head)head=p->next;
		else
		p1->next=p->next;
		printf("delete\n");
		n--;//链表中结点个数
	}
	else
	printf("not find");//找不到该结点时
end: return head;
}

5、单链表的插入

struct student *insert(struct student *head,struct student *stud)//插入一个节点 
{
	struct student *p0,*p1,*p2;
	p1=head;
	p0=stud;
	if(head==NULL)
	{
		head=p0;
		p0->next=NULL;
	}
	else
	{
		while((p0->num>p1->num)&&(p1->next!=NULL))//判断链表位置
		{
			p2=p1;
			p1=p1->next;
		}
		if(p0->num<=p1->num)
		{
			if(head==p1)head=p0;
			else p2->next=p0;
			     p0->next=p1;
		}
		else
		{
			p1->next=p0;
			p0->next=NULL;
		}	
	}
	n++;
	return(head);
 } 

6、main主函数

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
struct student *head,*stu;
int del_num;
printf("input record:\n");//创建链表
head=creat();
print(head);//输出链表
printf("input the deleted number:\n");//删除链表
scanf("%d",&del_num);//输入要删除的记录
while(del_num!=0)
{
	head=del(head,del_num);
	print(head);
    printf("input the deleted number:\n"); 
    scanf("%d",&del_num); 
}
printf("input the inserted record:\n");//插入结点
stu=(struct student *)malloc(LEN);
scanf("%d,%s,%f",&stu->num,&stu->name,&stu->score);
while(stu->num!=0)
{
	head=insert(head,stu);
	print(head);
	printf("input the inserted record:\n");
    stu=(struct student *)malloc(LEN);
    scanf("%d,%s,%f",&stu->num,&stu->name,&stu->score);
}
}

注：内容来源于谭浩强C语言第二版内容，做了小幅度改正