C++ Primer（第五版）练习7.23 7.27 7.32

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<vector>

using namespace std;

class Screen;
class Window_mgr
{
private:
	vector<Screen> screens;
public:
	using Screen_index = vector<Screen>::size_type;

	void clear(Screen_index i);
	Window_mgr() = default;
};

class Screen
{
	friend void Window_mgr::clear(Screen_index i);
public:
	using pos = string::size_type;
	mutable unsigned counter = 0;

	//constructors
	Screen() = default;
	Screen(pos ht, pos wd, char c) :height(ht), width(wd), contents(ht*wd, c) {}

	//operations
	char get() const { return contents[cursor]; }
	inline char get(pos ht, pos wd) const;
	Screen &move(pos r, pos c);
	Screen &set(char);
	Screen &set(pos, pos, char);

	//output methods
	Screen &display(ostream &os) { do_display(os); return *this; }
	const Screen &display(ostream &os) const { do_display(os); return *this; }
private:
	pos cursor = 0;
	pos height = 0, width = 0;
	string contents;
	void do_display(ostream &os) const { os << contents; }
};

char Screen::get(pos r, pos c) const
{
	return contents[r*width + c];
}

inline Screen &Screen::move(pos r, pos c)
{
	cursor = r*width + c;
	return *this;
}

inline Screen &Screen::set(char c)
{
	contents[cursor] = c;
	return *this;
}

inline Screen &Screen::set(pos r, pos c, char ch)
{
	contents[r*width + c] = ch;
	return *this;
}

void Window_mgr::clear(Screen_index i)
{
	Screen &s = screens[i];
	s.contents = string(s.height*s.width, ' ');
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
	//some operations omitted ...
	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

对于成员函数作为友元的依赖关系：

1、先定义Window_mgr类，其中声明clear函数，但不能定义它。在clear使用Screen的成员之前必须先声明clear。

2、接下来定义Screen，其中包括对于clear的友元声明。

3、最后定义clear，此时它才可以使用Screen的成员。