CentOS 8 安装 Nginx 到指定目录并配置反向代理

系统平台: CentOS 8 64位

1. 安装编译工具及库文件

yum install -y gcc gcc-c++;
yum install -y zlib zlib-devel;
yum install -y libtool;
yum install -y automake autoconf make;
yum install -y openssl openssl-devel;
yum install -y perl perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed;
yum install -y redhat-rpm-config.noarch;
yum install -y libxml2 libxslt libxml2-devel libxslt-devel;
yum install -y gd gd-devel;
yum install -y pcre pcre-devel;
yum install -y geoipupdate.x86_64 libmaxminddb-devel;

2. 安装 Nginx

2.1 下载 Nginx 安装包

下载 Nginx 地址:
http://nginx.org/en/download.html

cd /software/nginx/nginx
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz

2.2 解压 Nginx 安装包

tar -zxvf nginx-1.20.2.tar.gz

2.3 进入安装包目录

cd nginx-1.20.2

2.4 编译安装

指定安装路径: /software/nginx/nginx/nginx

CFLAGS="-fPIC" ./configure --prefix=/software/nginx/nginx/nginx \
			--with-select_module --with-poll_module --with-threads --with-file-aio  \
			--with-http_random_index_module \
			--with-http_sub_module \
			--with-http_stub_status_module \
			--with-http_ssl_module \
			--with-http_auth_request_module \
			--with-http_dav_module \
			--with-http_flv_module \
			--with-http_gunzip_module \
			--with-http_gzip_static_module \
			--with-http_image_filter_module \
			--with-http_mp4_module \
			--with-http_perl_module \
			--with-http_realip_module \
			--with-http_secure_link_module \
			--with-http_slice_module \
			--with-http_v2_module \
			--with-http_xslt_module \
			--with-mail \
			--with-mail_ssl_module \
			--with-stream_geoip_module \
			--with-stream_realip_module \
			--with-stream_ssl_module \
			--with-stream_ssl_preread_module \
			--with-pcre --with-pcre-jit --with-debug
make
make install

其中下面两个模块直接用 yum 源没有安装成功, Centos7 因该没有问题的, 或者直接下载相应的包直接编译安装

yum install -y perftools;
yum install GeoIP GeoIP-devel GeoIP-update;

			--with-http_geoip_module \
			--with-google_perftools_module \

2.5 查看 Nginx 版本

/software/nginx/nginx/nginx/sbin/nginx -v

2.6 启动 Nginx

/software/nginx/nginx/nginx/sbin/nginx

2.7 Nginx 其他关于启动的命令

/software/nginx/nginx/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload            # 重新载入配置文件
/software/nginx/nginx/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reopen            # 重启 Nginx
/software/nginx/nginx/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop              # 停止 Nginx

2.8 浏览器查看

3. 配置 Nginx 反向代理

3.1 设置配置文件

vim /software/nginx/nginx/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

文件添加内容

location /test {
    proxy_pass http://localhost:8080/test;
    index  index.html index.htm index.jsp;
}

文件内容

#user  nobody;
worker_processes  1;

#error_log  logs/error.log;
#error_log  logs/error.log  notice;
#error_log  logs/error.log  info;
#设置日志级别
error_log logs/nginx_error.log crit;

#pid        logs/nginx.pid;
pid nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.
worker_rlimit_nofile 512321;

events {
    worker_connections  1024;
}


http {
    include       mime.types;
    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    #log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
    #                  '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
    #                  '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';

    #access_log  logs/access.log  main;

    sendfile        on;
    #tcp_nopush     on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;
    keepalive_timeout  65;

    #gzip  on;

    server {
        listen       80;
        server_name  localhost;

        #charset koi8-r;

        #access_log  logs/host.access.log  main;

        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
        }

        location /test {
            proxy_pass http://localhost:8080/test;
            index  index.html index.htm index.jsp;
        }

        #error_page  404              /404.html;

        # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
        #
        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
        #}

        # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
        #
        #location ~ \.php$ {
        #    root           html;
        #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
        #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
        #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
        #    include        fastcgi_params;
        #}

        # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
        # concurs with nginx's one
        #
        #location ~ /\.ht {
        #    deny  all;
        #}
    }


    # another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       8000;
    #    listen       somename:8080;
    #    server_name  somename  alias  another.alias;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}


    # HTTPS server
    #
    #server {
    #    listen       443 ssl;
    #    server_name  localhost;

    #    ssl_certificate      cert.pem;
    #    ssl_certificate_key  cert.key;

    #    ssl_session_cache    shared:SSL:1m;
    #    ssl_session_timeout  5m;

    #    ssl_ciphers  HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
    #    ssl_prefer_server_ciphers  on;

    #    location / {
    #        root   html;
    #        index  index.html index.htm;
    #    }
    #}

}

3.2 检查配置文件 nginx.conf

/software/nginx/nginx/nginx/sbin/nginx -t

3.3 重新载入配置文件

/software/nginx/nginx/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

4 设置环境变量

这里使用这个文件 ~/.bashrc (/root/.bashrc)

修改文件

vim ~/.bashrc

添加内容

alias nginx='/software/nginx/nginx/nginx/sbin/nginx'

使文件生效

source ~/.bashrc

效果

5. 一键部署 Nginx

将 nginx 部署过程编写一个 Linux 脚本.

#!/bin/bash

#######################################################
# v: nginx 版本
# p: 安装路径
# bashrc_line: 环境变量中插入的行数
# bashrc_name: nginx 在环境变量中启动的值
#######################################################

version="1.20.2"
install_path="/software/nginx"
bashrc_line=8
bashrc_name="nginx"


# 定义错误输出
function errorEcho() {
  echo -e "\033[31;40m$1\033[0m"
}

# 定义提示输出
function tipEcho() {
  echo -e "\033[34;40m$1\033[0m"
}

# 创建文件夹
function creatDir() {
  if [ ! -d "$1" ]; then
    mkdir -p "$1"
    tipEcho "创建 $1 文件夹"
  fi
}

# 参数设置
while getopts "v:p:l:n:" arg; do
  case $arg in
  # 用 $OPTARG 取参数值
  # 用 $OPTIND 得到索引
  v)
    version=$OPTARG
    ;;
  p)
    install_path=$OPTARG
    ;;
  l)
    bashrc_line=$OPTARG
    ;;
  n)
    bashrc_name=$OPTARG
    ;;
  ?)
    errorEcho "There is no such parameter!"
    tipEcho "  -v  nginx version. Default 1.20.2"
    tipEcho "  -p  nginx install path. Default /software/nginx. note: set absolute path"
    tipEcho "  -l  Number of rows inserted into the environment variable. ~/.bashrc file. Default 8"
    tipEcho "  -n  Name in nginx startup environment variable. ~/.bashrc file. Default nginx"
    exit 0
    ;;
  esac
done

# 有报错的退出脚本
set -e

# 安装编译相应的库
tipEcho "Start installing dependent packages..."
yum install -y gcc gcc-c++
yum install -y zlib zlib-devel
yum install -y libtool
yum install -y automake autoconf make
yum install -y openssl openssl-devel
yum install -y gd-devel
yum install -y perl perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed
yum install -y redhat-rpm-config.noarch
yum install -y pcre*
yum install -y libxml2 libxslt libxml2-devel libxslt-devel
yum install -y gd gd-devel
yum install -y pcre pcre-devel
yum install -y geoipupdate.x86_64 libmaxminddb-devel
tipEcho "Installation is complete..."

# 创建文件夹
creatDir "$install_path"/nginx

# 切换路径
cd "$install_path"/nginx
# 下载安装包
tipEcho "Download install package"
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-"$version".tar.gz

# 解压 Nginx 安装包
tar -zxvf nginx-"$version".tar.gz
# 进入安装包目录
cd nginx-1.20.2
# 创建文件夹
creatDir "$install_path"/nginx/nginx
# 编译
tipEcho "start compile...."
CFLAGS="-fPIC" ./configure --prefix="$install_path"/nginx/nginx \
  --with-select_module --with-poll_module --with-threads --with-file-aio \
  --with-http_random_index_module \
  --with-http_sub_module \
  --with-http_stub_status_module \
  --with-http_ssl_module \
  --with-http_auth_request_module \
  --with-http_dav_module \
  --with-http_flv_module \
  --with-http_gunzip_module \
  --with-http_gzip_static_module \
  --with-http_image_filter_module \
  --with-http_mp4_module \
  --with-http_perl_module \
  --with-http_realip_module \
  --with-http_secure_link_module \
  --with-http_slice_module \
  --with-http_v2_module \
  --with-http_xslt_module \
  --with-mail \
  --with-mail_ssl_module \
  --with-stream_geoip_module \
  --with-stream_realip_module \
  --with-stream_ssl_module \
  --with-stream_ssl_preread_module \
  --with-pcre --with-pcre-jit --with-debug
make
make install
tipEcho "Compilation completed...."

# 有报错的继续执行
set +e

tipEcho "查看 Nginx 版本"
"$install_path"/nginx/nginx/sbin/nginx -v

# 重新加载 nginx.conf 文件
"$install_path"/nginx/nginx/sbin/nginx -c "$install_path"/nginx/nginx/conf/nginx.conf

# 检查并启动 nginx
tipEcho "启动 nginx"
"$install_path"/nginx/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
"$install_path"/nginx/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload

# 添加环境变量
tipEcho "Add environment variable"
sed -i "$bashrc_line i alias $bashrc_name='$install_path/nginx/nginx/sbin/nginx'" ~/.bashrc

# 使环境变量生效, 由于执行脚本属于子 shell, 故在父 shell 中无效, 所以此行代码需要在控制台重新执行
# shellcheck disable=SC1090
source ~/.bashrc

运行代码并查看

bash nginx.sh -v 1.20.2 -p /software/nginx -l 8 -n nginx && source ~/.bashrc