C++ Primer plus 第十三章

13.1 2 3

代码

#pragma once
#ifndef TABTENN0_H_
#define TABTENN0_H_
#include <string>
using namespace std;

class TableTennisPlayer
{
private:
	string firstname;
	string lastname;
	bool hasTable;
public:
	TableTennisPlayer(const string & fn = "none",
		const string & ln = "none", bool ht = false);
	void Name() const;
	bool HasTable() const { return hasTable; };
	void ResetTable(bool v){hasTable = v; };

};

#endif // !TABTENN0_H_

#include <iostream>
#include "tabtenn0.h"

TableTennisPlayer::TableTennisPlayer(const string & fn,
	const string & ln, bool ht):firstname(fn),
	lastname(ln), hasTable(ht) {}

void TableTennisPlayer::Name()const
{
	std::cout << lastname << ", " << firstname;
}

#include <iostream>
#include "tabtenn0.h"
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	//用C风格字符串实例化对象
	TableTennisPlayer player1("Chuck", "Blizzard", true);
	TableTennisPlayer player2("Tara", "Boomdea", false);

	player1.Name();
	if (player1.HasTable())
		cout << ": has a table.\n";
	else
		cout << ": has not a table.\n";

	player2.Name();
	if (player2.HasTable())
		cout << ": has a table.\n";
	else
		cout << ": has not a table.\n";

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

结果

在这里插入图片描述

知识点

1.用C风格字符串实例化对象

13.4 5 6

代码

#pragma once
#ifndef TABTENN1_H_
#define TABTENN1_H_

#include <string>
using namespace std;

class TableTennisPlayer
{
private:
	string firstname;
	string lastname;
	bool hasTable;

public:
	TableTennisPlayer(const string & fn = "none",
		const string & ln = "none", bool ht = false);

	void Name() const;
	bool HasTable() const { return hasTable; };
	void ResetTable(bool v) { hasTable = v; };

};


//派生类声明格式   class 派生类名称 :public 基类
//派生类解决代码重复的问题
//派生类对象存储了基类的数据成员,可是使用基类的方法

class RatedPlayer :public TableTennisPlayer
{
private:
	unsigned int rating;
public:
	RatedPlayer(unsigned int r = 0, const string & fn = "none",
		const string & ln = "none", bool ht = false);
	//派生类的构造函数:
	//派生类不能直接访问基类的私有成员,必须通过基类方法进行访问
	RatedPlayer(unsigned int r, const TableTennisPlayer & tp);
	unsigned int Rating() const { return rating; }
	void ResetRating(unsigned int r) { rating = r; }
};


#endif // !TABTENN1_H_

#include <iostream>
#include "tabtenn1.h"

TableTennisPlayer::TableTennisPlayer(const string & fn,
	const string & ln, bool ht):firstname(fn),
	lastname(ln),hasTable(ht) {}

void TableTennisPlayer::Name() const
{
	std::cout << lastname << ", " << firstname;
}

RatedPlayer::RatedPlayer(unsigned int r, const string & fn,
	const string & ln, bool ht) :TableTennisPlayer(fn, ln, ht)
{
	rating = r;
}

RatedPlayer::RatedPlayer(unsigned int r, const TableTennisPlayer & tp)
	: TableTennisPlayer(tp), rating(r)
{

}


#include <iostream>
#include "tabtenn1.h"
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	//创建TableTennisPlayer对象 player1
	TableTennisPlayer player1("Tara", "Boomdea", false);
	
	//创建RatedPlayer对象rplayer1
	RatedPlayer rplayer1(1140, "Mallory", "Duck", true);
	
	//派生类对象调用基类方法
	rplayer1.Name();
	if (rplayer1.HasTable())
		cout << ": has a table.\n";
	else
		cout << ": has not a table.\n";

	//基类调用自己的方法
	player1.Name();
	if (player1.HasTable())
		cout << ": has a table";
	else
		cout << ": has not a table.\n";
	
	cout << "Name: ";
	rplayer1.Name();
	cout << "; Rating: " << rplayer1.Rating() << endl;
	
	//创建RatedPlayer对象rplayer2
	RatedPlayer rplayer2(1212, player1);
	cout << "Name: ";
	rplayer2.Name();
	cout << "; Rating: " << rplayer2.Rating() << endl;


	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

结果

在这里插入图片描述

知识点

1.派生类声明形式
2.派生类构造函数
3.派生类创造对象
4.派生类调用基类方法

13.7 8 9

代码

#pragma once
#ifndef BRASS_H_
#define BRASS_H_
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Brass
{
private:
	string fullName;
	long acctNum;
	double balance;

public:
	Brass(const string & s = "Nullbody", long an = -1,
		double bal = 0.0);
	void Deposit(double amt);
	double Balance() const;
	
	//虚方法
	virtual void Withdraw(double amt);
	virtual void ViewAcct() const;
	
	//虚析构函数
	virtual ~Brass(){}

};

class BrassPlus :public Brass
{
//添加3个私有数据成员
private:
	double maxLoan;
	double rate;
	double owesBank;

public:
	BrassPlus(const string & s = "Nullbody", long an = -1,
		double bal = 0.0, double ml = 500,
		double r = 0.11125);
	BrassPlus(const Brass & ba, double m1 = 500,
		double r = 0.11125);

	virtual void ViewAcct()const;
	virtual void Withdraw(double amt);

	//添加3个共有成员函数
	void ResetMax(double m) { maxLoan = m; }
	void ResetRate(double r) { rate = r; };
	void ResetOwes() { owesBank = 0; }
};


#endif // !BRASS_H_

#include <iostream>
#include "brass.h"
using namespace std;

//typedef 取别名
typedef ios_base::fmtflags format;
typedef streamsize precis;

format setFormat();
void restore(format f, precis p);

//定义基类构造函数
Brass::Brass(const string & s, long an, double bal)
{
	fullName = s;
	acctNum = an;
	balance = bal;
}

//定义基类方法Deposit
void Brass::Deposit(double amt)
{
	if (amt < 0)
		cout << "Negative deposit not allowed; "
		<< "deposit is cancelled.\n";
	else
		balance += amt;
}

//定义基类方法Withdraw
void Brass::Withdraw(double amt)
{
	format initialState = setFormat();
	precis prec = cout.precision(2);

	if (amt < 0)
		cout << "Withdrawal amount must be positive; "
		<< "withdrawal canceled.\n";
	else if (amt <= balance)
		balance -= amt;
	else
		cout << "Withdrawal amount of $" << amt
		<< " exceeds your balance.\n"
		<< "Withdrawal canceled.\n";
	restore(initialState, prec);
}

//定义基类方法Balance
double Brass::Balance() const
{
	return balance;
}

//定义基类方法ViewAcct
void Brass::ViewAcct() const
{
	format initialState = setFormat();
	precis prec = cout.precision(2);
	cout << "Client: " << fullName << endl;
	cout << "Account Number: " << acctNum << endl;
	cout << "Balance: $" << balance << endl;
	restore(initialState, prec);
}

//定义派生类构造函数
BrassPlus::BrassPlus(const string & s, long an, double bal,
	double ml, double r) : Brass(s, an, bal)
{
	maxLoan = ml;
	owesBank = 0.0;
	rate = r;
}

//定义派生类构造函数
BrassPlus::BrassPlus(const Brass & ba, double ml, double r)
	:Brass(ba)
{
	maxLoan = ml;
	owesBank = 0.0;
	rate = r;
}

//定义派生类方法ViewAcct
void BrassPlus::ViewAcct() const
{
	format initialState = setFormat();
	precis prec = cout.precision(2);

	Brass::ViewAcct();
	cout << "Maximum loan: $" << maxLoan << endl;
	cout << "Owed to bank: $" << owesBank << endl;
	cout.precision(3);
	cout << "Loan Rate: " << 100 * rate << "%\n";
	restore(initialState, prec);
}

//定义派生类方法Withdraw
void BrassPlus::Withdraw(double amt)
{
	format initialState = setFormat();
	precis prec = cout.precision(2);
	double bal = Balance();
	if (amt <= bal)
		Brass::Withdraw(amt);
	else if (amt <= bal + maxLoan - owesBank)
	{
		double advance = amt - bal;
		owesBank += advance * (1.0 + rate);
		cout << "Bank advance: $" << advance << endl;
		cout << "Finance charge: $" << advance * rate << endl;
		Deposit(advance);
		Brass::Withdraw(amt);
	}
	else
		cout << "Credit limit exceeded. Transaction cancelled.\n";
	restore(initialState, prec);
}


format setFormat()
{
	return cout.setf(ios_base::fixed,
		ios_base::floatfield);
}

void restore(format f, precis p)
{
	cout.setf(f, ios_base::floatfield);
	cout.precision(p);
}

#include <iostream>
#include "brass.h"
using namespace std;

int main()
{
	//创建Brass类对象Piggy
	Brass Piggy("Porcelot Pigg", 381299, 4000.00);
	//创建BrassPlus类对象Piggy
	BrassPlus Hoggy("Horatio Hogg", 382288, 3000.00);
	
	Piggy.ViewAcct();
	cout << endl;

	Hoggy.ViewAcct();
	cout << endl;

	cout << "Depositing $1000 into the Hogg Account:\n";
	Hoggy.Deposit(1000.00);
	cout << "New balance: $" << Hoggy.Balance() << endl;

	cout << "Withdrawing $4200 from the Hogg Account:\n";
	Hoggy.Withdraw(4200.00);
	Hoggy.ViewAcct();

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

结果

在这里插入图片描述

知识点

1.virtual关键字:虚方法

13.10

代码

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "brass.h"
using namespace std;
const int CLIENTS = 4;

int main()
{
	//创建一个指向Brass类对象的指针数组
	Brass * p_clients[CLIENTS];
	string temp;
	long tempnum;
	double tempbal;
	char kind;

	for (int i = 0; i < CLIENTS; i++)
	{
		cout << "Enter client's name: ";
		getline(cin, temp);
		cout << "Enter client's account number: ";
		cin >> tempnum;
		cout << "Enter opening balance: $";
		cin >> tempbal;
		cout << "Enter 1 for Brass Account or "
			<< "2 for BrassPlus Account: ";
		while (cin >> kind && (kind != '1' && kind != '2'))
			cout << "Enter either 1 or 2: ";
		if (kind == '1')
			p_clients[i] = new Brass(temp, tempnum, tempbal);
		else
		{
			double tmax, trate;
			cout << "Enter the overdraft limit: $";
			cin >> tmax;
			cout << "Enter the interest rate "
				<< "as a decimal fraction: ";
			cin >> trate;
			p_clients[i] = new BrassPlus(temp, tempnum, tempbal,
				tmax, trate);
		}
		while(cin.get() != '\n')
			continue;
	}

	cout << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < CLIENTS; i++)
	{
		p_clients[i]->ViewAcct();
		cout << endl;
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < CLIENTS; i++)
	{
		delete p_clients[i];
	}
	cout << "Done.\n";

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

结果

在这里插入图片描述

知识点

1.多态

13.11 12 13

代码

//抽象基类
#pragma once
#ifndef ACCTABC_H_
#define ACCTABC_H_

#include <iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;

class AcctABC
{
private:
	string fullName;
	long acctNum;
	double balance;

protected:
	struct Formatting
	{
		ios_base::fmtflags flag;
		streamsize pr;
	};
	const string & FullName() const { return fullName; }
	long AcctNum() const { return acctNum; }
	Formatting SetFormat() const;
	void Restore(Formatting & f)const;
public:
	AcctABC(const string & s = "Nullbody", long an = -1,
		double bal = 0.0);
	void Deposit(double amt);
	virtual void Withdraw(double amt) = 0;
	double Balance() const { return balance; };
	virtual void ViewAcct() const = 0;
	~AcctABC(){}
};


class Brass :public AcctABC
{
public:
	Brass(const string & s = "Nullbody", long an = -1,
		double bal = 0.0):AcctABC(s, an, bal){ }
	virtual void Withdraw(double amt);
	virtual void ViewAcct() const;
	virtual ~Brass() {}
};

class BrassPlus :public AcctABC
{
private:
	double maxLoan;
	double rate;
	double owesBank;
public:
	BrassPlus(const string & s = "Nullbody", long an = -1,
		double bal = 0.0, double ml = 500,
		double r = 0.10);
	BrassPlus(const Brass & ba, double ml = 500, double r = 0.1);
	virtual void ViewAcct()const;
	virtual void Withdraw(double amt);
	void ResetMax(double m) { maxLoan = m; }
	void ResetRate(double r) { rate = r; }
	void ResetOwes() { owesBank = 0; }
};
#endif // !ACCTABC_H_



#include <iostream>
#include "acctabc.h"
using namespace std;

AcctABC::AcctABC(const string & s, long an, double bal)
{
	fullName = s;
	acctNum = an;
	balance = bal;
}

void AcctABC::Deposit(double amt)
{
	if (amt < 0)
		cout << "Negative deposit not allowed; "
		<< "deposit is cancelled.\n";
	else
		balance += amt;
}

void AcctABC::Withdraw(double amt)
{
	balance -= amt;
}

AcctABC::Formatting AcctABC::SetFormat() const
{
	Formatting f;
	f.flag = cout.setf(ios_base::fixed, ios_base::floatfield);
	f.pr = cout.precision(2);
	return f;
}

void AcctABC::Restore(Formatting & f) const
{
	cout.setf(f.flag, ios_base::floatfield);
	cout.precision(f.pr);
}

void Brass::Withdraw(double amt)
{
	if (amt < 0)
		cout << "Withdawal amount must be positive;"
		<< "withdrawal canceled.\n";
	else if (amt <= Balance())
		AcctABC::Withdraw(amt);
	else
		cout << "Withdrawal amount of $" << amt
		<< " exceeds your balance.\n"
		<< "Withdrawal canceled.\n";
}

void Brass::ViewAcct() const
{
	Formatting f = SetFormat();
	cout << "Brass Client: " << FullName() << endl;
	cout << "Account Number: " << AcctNum() << endl;
	cout << "Balance: $" << Balance() << endl;
	Restore(f);
}


BrassPlus::BrassPlus(const string & s, long an, double bal,
	double ml, double r) :AcctABC(s, an, bal)
{
	maxLoan = ml;
	owesBank = 0.0;
	rate = r;
}

BrassPlus::BrassPlus(const Brass & ba, double ml, double r)
	:AcctABC(ba)
{
	maxLoan = ml;
	owesBank = 0.0;
	rate = r;
}

void BrassPlus::ViewAcct()const
{
	Formatting f = SetFormat();
	cout << "BrassPlus Client: " << FullName() << endl;
	cout << "Account Number: " << AcctNum() << endl;
	cout << "Balance: $" << Balance() << endl;
	cout << "Maximum loan: $" << maxLoan << endl;
	cout << "Owed to bank: $" << owesBank << endl;
	cout.precision(3);
	cout << "Loan Rate: " << 100 * rate << "%\n";
	Restore(f);
}

void BrassPlus::Withdraw(double amt)
{
	Formatting f = SetFormat();
	double bal = Balance();
	if (amt <= bal)
		AcctABC::Withdraw(amt);
	else if (amt <= bal + maxLoan - owesBank)
	{
		double advance = amt - bal;
		owesBank += advance * (1.0 + rate);
		cout << "Bank advance: $" << advance << endl;
		cout << "Finance charge: $" << advance * rate << endl;
		Deposit(advance);
		AcctABC::Withdraw(amt);
	}
	else
		cout << "Credit limit exceeded. Transaction cancelled.\n";
	Restore(f);
}


#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include "acctabc.h"
using namespace std;
const int CLIENTS = 4;

int main()
{
	Brass * p_clients[CLIENTS];
	string temp;
	long tempnum;
	double tempbal;
	char kind;

	for (int i = 0; i < CLIENTS; i++)
	{
		cout << "Enter client's name: ";
		getline(cin, temp);
		cout << "Enter client's account number: ";
		cin >> tempnum;
		cout << "Enter opening balance: $";
		cin >> tempbal;
		cout << "Enter 1 for Brass Account or "
			<< "2 for BrassPlus Account: ";
		while (cin >> kind && (kind != '1' && kind != '2'))
			cout << "Enter either 1 or 2: ";
		if (kind == '1')
			p_clients[i] = new Brass(temp, tempnum, tempbal);
		else
		{
			double tmax, trate;
			cout << "Enter the overdraft limit: $";
			cin >> tmax;
			cout << "Enter the interest rate "
				<< "as a decimal fraction: ";
			cin >> trate;
			p_clients[i] = new BrassPlus(temp, tempnum, tempbal,
				tmax, trate);
		}
		while(cin.get() != '\n')
			continue;
	}

	cout << endl;
	for (int i = 0; i < CLIENTS; i++)
	{
		p_clients[i]->ViewAcct();
		cout << endl;
	}
	for (int i = 0; i < CLIENTS; i++)
	{
		delete p_clients[i];
	}
	cout << "Done.\n";

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

结果

报错还没解决,之后复习再弄。

知识点

13.14 15 16

//继承和动态内存分配
#pragma once
#ifndef DMA_H_
#define DMA_H_
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class baseDMA
{
private:
	char * label;
	int rating;

public:
	baseDMA(const char * l = "null", int r = 0);
	baseDMA(const baseDMA & rs);
	virtual ~baseDMA();
	baseDMA & operator=(const baseDMA & rs);
	friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, const baseDMA & rs);

};

class lacksDMA :public baseDMA
{
private:
	enum{COL_LEN = 40};
	char color[COL_LEN];
public:
	lacksDMA(const char * c = "blank", const char * l = "null",
		int r = 0);
	lacksDMA(const char * c, const baseDMA & rs);
	friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, const lacksDMA & rs);
};

class hasDMA :public baseDMA
{
private:
	char * style;
public:
	hasDMA(const char * s = "none", const char * l = "null",
		int r = 0);
	hasDMA(const char * s, const baseDMA & rs);
	hasDMA(const hasDMA & hs);
	~hasDMA();
	hasDMA & operator=(const hasDMA & rs);
	friend ostream & operator<<(ostream & os,
		const hasDMA & rs);

};


#endif // !DMA_H_

#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <cstring>
#include "dma.h"


baseDMA::baseDMA(const char * l, int r)
{
	label = new char[strlen(l) + 1];
	strcpy(label, l);
	rating = r;
}

baseDMA::baseDMA(const baseDMA & rs)
{
	label = new char[strlen(rs.label) + 1];
	strcpy(label, rs.label);
	rating = rs.rating;
}

baseDMA::~baseDMA()
{
	delete[] label;
}

baseDMA & baseDMA::operator=(const baseDMA & rs)
{
	if (this == &rs)
		return *this;
	delete[] label;
	label = new char[strlen(rs.label) + 1];
	strcpy(label, rs.label);
	rating = rs.rating;
	return *this;

}

ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, const baseDMA & rs)
{
	os << "Label: " << rs.label << endl;
	os << "Rating: " << rs.rating << endl;
	return os;
}

lacksDMA::lacksDMA(const char * c, const char * l, int r)
	:baseDMA(l, r)
{
	strncpy(color, c, 39);
	color[39] = '\0';
}

lacksDMA::lacksDMA(const char * c, const baseDMA & rs)
	: baseDMA(rs)
{
	strncpy(color, c, COL_LEN - 1);
	color[COL_LEN - 1] = '\0';
}

ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, const lacksDMA & ls)
{
	os << (const baseDMA &)ls;
	os << "Color: " << ls.color << endl;
	return os;
}

hasDMA::hasDMA(const char * s, const char * l, int r)
	:baseDMA(l, r)
{
	style = new char[strlen(s) + 1];
	strcpy(style, s);
}

hasDMA::hasDMA(const char * s, const baseDMA & rs)
	: baseDMA(rs)
{
	style = new char[strlen(s) + 1];
	strcpy(style, s);
}

hasDMA::hasDMA(const hasDMA & hs)
{
	style = new char[strlen(hs.style) + 1];
	strcpy(style, hs.style);
}

hasDMA::~hasDMA()
{
	delete[] style;
}

hasDMA & hasDMA::operator=(const hasDMA & hs)
{
	if (this == &hs)
		return *this;
	baseDMA::operator=(hs);
	delete[] style;
	style = new char[strlen(hs.style) + 1];
	strcpy(style, hs.style);
	return *this;
}

ostream & operator<<(ostream & os, const hasDMA & hs)
{
	os << (const baseDMA &)hs;
	os << "Style: " << hs.style << endl;
	return os;
}
#include <iostream>
#include "dma.h"

int main()
{
	//实例化对象
	baseDMA shirt("Portabelly", 8);
	lacksDMA balloon("red", "Blimpo", 4);
	hasDMA map("Mercator", "Buffalo Keys", 5);

	cout << "Displaying baseDMA object:\n";
	cout << shirt << endl;

	cout << "Displaying lacksDMA object:\n";
	cout << balloon << endl;

	cout << "Displaying hasDMA object:\n";
	cout << map << endl;

	lacksDMA balloon2(balloon);
	cout << "Result of lacksDMA copy:\n";
	cout << balloon2 << endl;
	
	hasDMA map2;
	map2 = map;
	cout << "Result of hasDMA assignment:\n";
	cout << map2 << endl;
	return 0;
}

结果

在这里插入图片描述

知识点

1.继承和动态内存分配

总结

继承,多态,封装,还得再搞几遍。

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