当Activity获得焦点时，它将被要求绘制自己的布局，Android framework将会处理绘制过程，Activity只需提供它的布局的根节点。
绘制过程从布局的根节点开始，从根节点开始测量和绘制整个layout tree。
每一个ViewGroup 负责要求它的每一个孩子被绘制，每一个View负责绘制自己。
因为整个树是按顺序遍历的，所以父节点会先被绘制，而兄弟节点会按照它们在树中出现的顺序被绘制。
绘制是一个两遍（two pass）的过程：一个measure pass和一个layout pass。
测量过程（measuring pass）是在measure(int, int)中实现的，是从树的顶端由上到下进行的。
在这个递归过程中，每一个View会把自己的dimension specifications传递下去。
在measure pass的最后，每一个View都存储好了自己的measurements，即测量结果。
第二个是布局过程（layout pass），它发生在 layout(int, int, int, int)中，仍然是从上到下进行（top-down）。
在这一遍中，每一个parent都会负责用测量过程中得到的尺寸，把自己的所有孩子放在正确的地方。
现在就来看看这个 measure(int, int)
View.java
源码路径 frameworks\base\core\java\android\view\View.java(这里引用的是最新的6.0.1_r10的源码)
measure
/**
* <p>
* This is called to find out how big a view should be. The parent
* supplies constraint information in the width and height parameters.
* </p>
*
* <p>
* The actual measurement work of a view is performed in
* {@link #onMeasure(int, int)}, called by this method. Therefore, only
* {@link #onMeasure(int, int)} can and must be overridden by subclasses.
* </p>
*
*
* @param widthMeasureSpec Horizontal space requirements as imposed by the
* parent
* @param heightMeasureSpec Vertical space requirements as imposed by the
* parent
*
* @see #onMeasure(int, int)
*/
public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);
if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {
Insets insets = getOpticalInsets();
int oWidth = insets.left + insets.right;
int oHeight = insets.top + insets.bottom;
widthMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.adjust(widthMeasureSpec, optical ? -oWidth : oWidth);
heightMeasureSpec = MeasureSpec.adjust(heightMeasureSpec, optical ? -oHeight : oHeight);
}
// Suppress sign extension for the low bytes
long key = (long) widthMeasureSpec << 32 | (long) heightMeasureSpec & 0xffffffffL;
if (mMeasureCache == null) mMeasureCache = new LongSparseLongArray(2);
if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT) == PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT ||
widthMeasureSpec != mOldWidthMeasureSpec ||
heightMeasureSpec != mOldHeightMeasureSpec) {
// first clears the measured dimension flag
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
resolveRtlPropertiesIfNeeded();
int cacheIndex = (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT) == PFLAG_FORCE_LAYOUT ? -1 :
mMeasureCache.indexOfKey(key);
if (cacheIndex < 0 || sIgnoreMeasureCache) {
// measure ourselves, this should set the measured dimension flag back
onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
} else {
long value = mMeasureCache.valueAt(cacheIndex);
// Casting a long to int drops the high 32 bits, no mask needed
setMeasuredDimensionRaw((int) (value >> 32), (int) value);
mPrivateFlags3 |= PFLAG3_MEASURE_NEEDED_BEFORE_LAYOUT;
}
// flag not set, setMeasuredDimension() was not invoked, we raise
// an exception to warn the developer
if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) != PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET) {
throw new IllegalStateException("View with id " + getId() + ": "
+ getClass().getName() + "#onMeasure() did not set the"
+ " measured dimension by calling"
+ " setMeasuredDimension()");
}
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED;
}
mOldWidthMeasureSpec = widthMeasureSpec;
mOldHeightMeasureSpec = heightMeasureSpec;
mMeasureCache.put(key, ((long) mMeasuredWidth) << 32 |
(long) mMeasuredHeight & 0xffffffffL); // suppress sign extension
}
可以看到measure函数有2个参数，widthMeasureSpec 和 heightMeasureSpec。我最初的疑问是不知道该怎么传这两个参数，于是跟到源码里面看看。这个函数的工作大概如下：
至于这个mPrivateFlags先跳过了。
检查传入的widthMeasureSpec和heightMeasureSpec是否与当前的值是一样的，不一样的话，调用onMeasure函数，并设置mPrivateFlags。
保存新值到mOldWidthMeasureSpec和mOldHeightMeasureSpec。这两个变量不用深究了，没有其他地方用到，就只是在这个函数中用来比较值用的。
这里判断符合条件后会抛出一个IllegalStateException的异常，它的提示信息很清楚，告诉我们要调用setMeasuredDimension()方法。但到底是怎么回事呢？这是在你需要重写onMeasure函数时需要注意的。
onMeasure
先来看看默认的View的onMeasure函数吧：
/**
* <p>
* Measure the view and its content to determine the measured width and the
* measured height. This method is invoked by {@link #measure(int, int)} and
* should be overridden by subclasses to provide accurate and efficient
* measurement of their contents.
* </p>
*
* <p>
* <strong>CONTRACT:</strong> When overriding this method, you
* <em>must</em> call {@link #setMeasuredDimension(int, int)} to store the
* measured width and height of this view. Failure to do so will trigger an
* <code>IllegalStateException</code>, thrown by
* {@link #measure(int, int)}. Calling the superclass'
* {@link #onMeasure(int, int)} is a valid use.
* </p>
*
* <p>
* The base class implementation of measure defaults to the background size,
* unless a larger size is allowed by the MeasureSpec. Subclasses should
* override {@link #onMeasure(int, int)} to provide better measurements of
* their content.
* </p>
*
* <p>
* If this method is overridden, it is the subclass's responsibility to make
* sure the measured height and width are at least the view's minimum height
* and width ({@link #getSuggestedMinimumHeight()} and
* {@link #getSuggestedMinimumWidth()}).
* </p>
*
* @param widthMeasureSpec horizontal space requirements as imposed by the parent.
* The requirements are encoded with
* {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec}.
* @param heightMeasureSpec vertical space requirements as imposed by the parent.
* The requirements are encoded with
* {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec}.
*
* @see #getMeasuredWidth()
* @see #getMeasuredHeight()
* @see #setMeasuredDimension(int, int)
* @see #getSuggestedMinimumHeight()
* @see #getSuggestedMinimumWidth()
* @see android.view.View.MeasureSpec#getMode(int)
* @see android.view.View.MeasureSpec#getSize(int)
*/
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
}当我们需要重写onMeasure时，记得要调用setMeasuredDimension来设置自身的mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight，否则，就会抛出上面那个异常哦~
setMeasuredDimension
继续来看setMeasuredDimension：
/**
* <p>This method must be called by {@link #onMeasure(int, int)} to store the
* measured width and measured height. Failing to do so will trigger an
* exception at measurement time.</p>
*
* @param measuredWidth The measured width of this view. May be a complex
* bit mask as defined by {@link #MEASURED_SIZE_MASK} and
* {@link #MEASURED_STATE_TOO_SMALL}.
* @param measuredHeight The measured height of this view. May be a complex
* bit mask as defined by {@link #MEASURED_SIZE_MASK} and
* {@link #MEASURED_STATE_TOO_SMALL}.
*/
protected final void setMeasuredDimension(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
boolean optical = isLayoutModeOptical(this);
if (optical != isLayoutModeOptical(mParent)) {
Insets insets = getOpticalInsets();
int opticalWidth = insets.left + insets.right;
int opticalHeight = insets.top + insets.bottom;
measuredWidth += optical ? opticalWidth : -opticalWidth;
measuredHeight += optical ? opticalHeight : -opticalHeight;
}
setMeasuredDimensionRaw(measuredWidth, measuredHeight);
}setMeasuredDimensionRaw
又调用了setMeasuredDimensionRaw
/**
* Sets the measured dimension without extra processing for things like optical bounds.
* Useful for reapplying consistent values that have already been cooked with adjustments
* for optical bounds, etc. such as those from the measurement cache.
*
* @param measuredWidth The measured width of this view. May be a complex
* bit mask as defined by {@link #MEASURED_SIZE_MASK} and
* {@link #MEASURED_STATE_TOO_SMALL}.
* @param measuredHeight The measured height of this view. May be a complex
* bit mask as defined by {@link #MEASURED_SIZE_MASK} and
* {@link #MEASURED_STATE_TOO_SMALL}.
*/
private void setMeasuredDimensionRaw(int measuredWidth, int measuredHeight) {
mMeasuredWidth = measuredWidth;
mMeasuredHeight = measuredHeight;
mPrivateFlags |= PFLAG_MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET;
}哦，很简单，就是设置了mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight，然后给mPrivateFlags设置了MEASURED_DIMENSION_SET标志位。那么计算都是在getDefaultSize函数里实现的：
getDefaultSize
/**
* Utility to return a default size. Uses the supplied size if the
* MeasureSpec imposed no constraints. Will get larger if allowed
* by the MeasureSpec.
*
* @param size Default size for this view
* @param measureSpec Constraints imposed by the parent
* @return The size this view should be.
*/
public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
int result = size;
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
switch (specMode) {
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
result = size;
break;
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
result = specSize;
break;
}
return result;
}看到了一个MeasureSpec，看来主要工作是在这里，必须得进去看看了这是View的一个内部类。
MeasureSpec
/**
* A MeasureSpec encapsulates the layout requirements passed from parent to child.
* Each MeasureSpec represents a requirement for either the width or the height.
* A MeasureSpec is comprised of a size and a mode. There are three possible
* modes:
* <dl>
* <dt>UNSPECIFIED</dt>
* <dd>
* The parent has not imposed any constraint on the child. It can be whatever size
* it wants.
* </dd>
*
* <dt>EXACTLY</dt>
* <dd>
* The parent has determined an exact size for the child. The child is going to be
* given those bounds regardless of how big it wants to be.
* </dd>
*
* <dt>AT_MOST</dt>
* <dd>
* The child can be as large as it wants up to the specified size.
* </dd>
* </dl>
*
* MeasureSpecs are implemented as ints to reduce object allocation. This class
* is provided to pack and unpack the <size, mode> tuple into the int.
*/
public static class MeasureSpec {
private static final int MODE_SHIFT = 30;
private static final int MODE_MASK = 0x3 << MODE_SHIFT;
/**
* Measure specification mode: The parent has not imposed any constraint
* on the child. It can be whatever size it wants.
*/
public static final int UNSPECIFIED = 0 << MODE_SHIFT;
/**
* Measure specification mode: The parent has determined an exact size
* for the child. The child is going to be given those bounds regardless
* of how big it wants to be.
*/
public static final int EXACTLY = 1 << MODE_SHIFT;
/**
* Measure specification mode: The child can be as large as it wants up
* to the specified size.
*/
public static final int AT_MOST = 2 << MODE_SHIFT;
/**
* Creates a measure specification based on the supplied size and mode.
*
* The mode must always be one of the following:
* <ul>
* <li>{@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#UNSPECIFIED}</li>
* <li>{@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#EXACTLY}</li>
* <li>{@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#AT_MOST}</li>
* </ul>
*
* <p><strong>Note:</strong> On API level 17 and lower, makeMeasureSpec's
* implementation was such that the order of arguments did not matter
* and overflow in either value could impact the resulting MeasureSpec.
* {@link android.widget.RelativeLayout} was affected by this bug.
* Apps targeting API levels greater than 17 will get the fixed, more strict
* behavior.</p>
*
* @param size the size of the measure specification
* @param mode the mode of the measure specification
* @return the measure specification based on size and mode
*/
public static int makeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {
if (sUseBrokenMakeMeasureSpec) {
return size + mode;
} else {
return (size & ~MODE_MASK) | (mode & MODE_MASK);
}
}
/**
* Like {@link #makeMeasureSpec(int, int)}, but any spec with a mode of UNSPECIFIED
* will automatically get a size of 0. Older apps expect this.
*
* @hide internal use only for compatibility with system widgets and older apps
*/
public static int makeSafeMeasureSpec(int size, int mode) {
if (sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec && mode == UNSPECIFIED) {
return 0;
}
return makeMeasureSpec(size, mode);
}
/**
* Extracts the mode from the supplied measure specification.
*
* @param measureSpec the measure specification to extract the mode from
* @return {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#UNSPECIFIED},
* {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#AT_MOST} or
* {@link android.view.View.MeasureSpec#EXACTLY}
*/
public static int getMode(int measureSpec) {
return (measureSpec & MODE_MASK);
}
/**
* Extracts the size from the supplied measure specification.
*
* @param measureSpec the measure specification to extract the size from
* @return the size in pixels defined in the supplied measure specification
*/
public static int getSize(int measureSpec) {
return (measureSpec & ~MODE_MASK);
}
static int adjust(int measureSpec, int delta) {
final int mode = getMode(measureSpec);
int size = getSize(measureSpec);
if (mode == UNSPECIFIED) {
// No need to adjust size for UNSPECIFIED mode.
return makeMeasureSpec(size, UNSPECIFIED);
}
size += delta;
if (size < 0) {
Log.e(VIEW_LOG_TAG, "MeasureSpec.adjust: new size would be negative! (" + size +
") spec: " + toString(measureSpec) + " delta: " + delta);
size = 0;
}
return makeMeasureSpec(size, mode);
}
/**
* Returns a String representation of the specified measure
* specification.
*
* @param measureSpec the measure specification to convert to a String
* @return a String with the following format: "MeasureSpec: MODE SIZE"
*/
public static String toString(int measureSpec) {
int mode = getMode(measureSpec);
int size = getSize(measureSpec);
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("MeasureSpec: ");
if (mode == UNSPECIFIED)
sb.append("UNSPECIFIED ");
else if (mode == EXACTLY)
sb.append("EXACTLY ");
else if (mode == AT_MOST)
sb.append("AT_MOST ");
else
sb.append(mode).append(" ");
sb.append(size);
return sb.toString();
}
}这里MODE_MASK二进制是11000（一共30个0）00，也就是最高2位标识mode，其余位标识size。
总结
接下来回到getDefaultSize函数
通过这个类的方法从参数measureSpec中提取出了specMode和specSize。 specMode的作用在下面的switch语句中可以看出来。
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
result = size;
break;这里的size就是getSuggestedMinimumWidth()或者getSuggestedMinimumHeight()，是一个默认的最小宽或高，可以看到如果specMode为MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED时，specSize（即我们希望设置的size）是没有用到的。
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
result = specSize;
break;
}当specMode为MeasureSpec.AT_MOST或MeasureSpec.EXACTLY时，从我们传入的参数measureSpec中提取出来的specSize被采用了。这种情况下上面的size就被废弃了。当result确定后，就是setMeasuredDimension被调用了，在里面将会对mMeasuredWidth和mMeasuredHeight进行设置。
示例
OK，现在应该理解了吧，下面是一个调用measure方法的示例：
mView.measure(MeasureSpec.EXACTLY + mView.getWidth(), MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
mView.layout(0, 0, mView.getMeasuredWidth(), mView.getMeasuredHeight()); 把mode标志和你想设置的大小相加，传进去就OK啦。这里设置height的时候我是想设0，因此直接传了MeasureSpec.EXACTLY进去。
注意 measure完后，并不会实际改变View的尺寸，需要调用View.layout方法去进行布局。按示例调用layout函数后，View的大小将会变成你想要设置成的大小。
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