QT主窗口实现的UDP通信

以下是基于QT主窗口实现的UDP通信，UDP数据报协议是一个面向无连接的传输层报文协议，它简单易用，不存在TCP协议“粘包”的问题，在强调实时、主动推送的系统中，常常用UDP协议来实现网络双方的通信。UDP发送报文比较随意，可以在程序的任何需要的任何时候和位置发送UDP报文，本文简单实现了一秒发送一次报文

1.在头文件中添加UDP需要的模块，如下：

//UDP通信需要定义的头文件
#include <QtNetwork/QNetworkInterface>
#include <QtNetwork/QHostAddress>
#include <QtNetwork/QUdpSocket>

2.添加网络数据报文的结构定义

/*添加网络数据报文的结构定义*/
#pragma pack(push) //保存对齐状态
#pragma pack(4)    //设定为4字节对齐
struct DataStruct{
    unsigned int index;
    int hour;
    int minute;
    int second;
    int msec;
};
union NetBuffer{
    DataStruct data;
    char dataBuffer[20];
};
#pragma pack(pop) //恢复字节对齐状态

3.在MainWindow类中定义中添加需要重载的timerEvent定义，添加读取数据报文操作的readPendingDatagrams定义

class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0);
    ~MainWindow();
    void timerEvent(QTimerEvent *event);

public slots:
    void readPendingDatagrams();

private:
    Ui::MainWindow *ui;
    QHostAddress hostAddress; //主机地址
    QUdpSocket udpSendSocket,udpRecvSocket;//发送和接收socket
    NetBuffer sendBuffer,recvBuffer;//缓冲区
};

#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

4.在MainWindow构造函数中获取本机地址，绑定发送和接收socket，设置响应接收socket接收信号的槽

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
    QMainWindow(parent),
    ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
    //获取本机IP地址
    QList<QHostAddress> addressList = QNetworkInterface::allAddresses();
    hostAddress = addressList.at(0);
    //网络端口绑定
    udpSendSocket.bind(hostAddress,3407);
    udpRecvSocket.bind(hostAddress,3408);
    //设定定时器
    this -> startTimer(1000);
    //初始化发送计数器
    sendBuffer.data.index = 0;
    //建立接收socket的连接
    QObject::connect(&udpRecvSocket,SIGNAL(readyRead()),this,SLOT(readPendingDatagrams()));
}

5.在源文件中实现发送和接收操作,并在列表中显示，发送操作是在定时器事件响应函数中实现的

void MainWindow::timerEvent(QTimerEvent *event)
{
    QTime tm = QTime::currentTime();
    sendBuffer.data.hour = tm.hour();
    sendBuffer.data.minute = tm.minute();
    sendBuffer.data.second = tm.second();
    sendBuffer.data.msec = tm.msec();

    udpSendSocket.writeDatagram(sendBuffer.dataBuffer,sizeof(sendBuffer),hostAddress,3408);

    QString displayString;
    displayString = QString("Index = %1 \n Time = %2:%3:%4:%5 \n")
            .arg(sendBuffer.data.index)
            .arg(sendBuffer.data.hour,2,10,QChar('0'))
            .arg(sendBuffer.data.minute,2,10,QChar('0'))
            .arg(sendBuffer.data.second,2,10,QChar('0'))
            .arg(sendBuffer.data.msec,3,10,QChar('0'));
    ui->listWidget->insertItem(0,displayString);
    sendBuffer.data.index++;
}

6.在readPendingDatagrams曹中，接收数据并显示

void MainWindow::readPendingDatagrams()
{
   QHostAddress sender;
   quint16 senderPort;
   udpRecvSocket.readDatagram(recvBuffer.dataBuffer,sizeof(recvBuffer),&sender,&senderPort);
   QString displayString;
   displayString = QString("Index = %1 \n Time = %2:%3:%4:%5 \n")
           .arg(recvBuffer.data.index)
           .arg(recvBuffer.data.hour,2,10,QChar('0'))
           .arg(recvBuffer.data.minute,2,10,QChar('0'))
           .arg(recvBuffer.data.second,2,10,QChar('0'))
           .arg(recvBuffer.data.msec,3,10,QChar('0'));
   ui->listWidget_2->insertItem(0,displayString);
}

7，实现效果如下：

8.源码地址：基于QT主窗口的UDP通信有代码