如何搭建QEMU环境学习linux

最近使用wsl的qemu总是遇到奇奇怪怪的问题，以前使用VMware环境下使用qemu用得没那么多问题，所以现在换回使用VMware，顺便记录过程。

下载VMware安装

https://www.vmware.com/products/workstation-player.html

下载完成傻瓜式安装即可。

下载ubuntu安装

下图是桌面版，我是下载的是桌面版。

下在完成后得到一个.ios文件。
打开安装好的VMware，创建新虚拟机

选择下载的.iso文件









关闭Ubuntu，设置文件夹共享，设置网络模式为桥接模式

设置好后，点击确定，打开ubuntu终端

进到/mnt目录，创建hgfs目录，然后挂载共享文件夹到该目录，挂载之后在ubuntu里即可看到共享文件夹的文件。

sudo vmhgfs-fuse .host:/ /mnt/hgfs -o allow_other

取消挂载可以用：

sudo fusermount -u /mnt/hgfs

不过如果代码放在共享目录总是遇到一些奇怪的问题，我搞不明白，所以我都是在/home/eon目录下重新下一份代码。

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ubuntu添加国内镜像源

为了提升速度，ubuntu添加国内镜像源，先备份原来的软件源

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

然后输入 sudo vim /etc/apt/sources.list 编辑软件源。在最前面添加即可。

########   Ubuntu22.04 中科大镜像源   ###############
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
########   Ubuntu22.04 阿里云镜像源   ###############
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
########   Ubuntu22.04LTS 清华镜像源   ###############
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
####################################################################################################

更新镜像源

sudo apt-get update #更新软件列表
sudo apt-get upgrade # 更新本地软件

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安装工具

安装arm交叉编译工具：

sudo apt-get update #更新软件列表
sudo apt-get upgrade # 更新本地软件
sudo apt install gcc
sudo apt install gcc-arm-linux-gnueabi
sudo apt install g++-arm-linux-gnueabi

安装u-boot工具，编译uImage会用到。

sudo apt-get install u-boot-tools

安装arm版QEMU：

sudo apt install qemu-system-arm
qemu-system-arm -version 确认安装成功

安装其他东西

sudo apt install bzip2
sudo apt install build-essential libssl-dev libncurses5-dev libncursesw5-dev
sudo apt install bison
sudo apt install flex

下载代码

git clone [email protected]:mirrors/Linux.git
git clone [email protected]:mirrors/u-boot.git
git clone [email protected]:mirrors/busyboxsource.git

编译

简单记下分步编译，文末提供整理好的编译脚本，可以一条命令编完。

这里选择编译vexpress-v2p-ca9这款芯片的代码。

编译busybox

配置：

make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- defconfig;
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- menuconfig

可以使用默认配置

编译：make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-

安装：make install，成功后_install目录如下图

_install目录下有编好的busybox工具。

编译linux

make ARCH=arm CROOSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- vexpress_defconfig
make ARCH=arm CROOSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- zImage
make ARCH=arm CROOSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- uImage
make ARCH=arm CROOSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- modules
make ARCH=arm CROOSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi- dtbs

可使用下面的命令单独启动linux，但是会卡在挂载文件系统那里。

qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -m 512M -kernel Linux/arch/arm/boot/zImage -dtb Linux/arch/arm/boot/dts/arm/vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb  -nographic

单独启动linux，没有文件系统的实验：

eon@ubuntu:~/code/mirrors$ qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -m 512M -kernel Linux/arch/arm/boot/zImage -dtb Linux/arch/arm/boot/dts/arm/vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb  -nographic
pulseaudio: set_sink_input_volume() failed
pulseaudio: Reason: Invalid argument
pulseaudio: set_sink_input_mute() failed
pulseaudio: Reason: Invalid argument
Booting Linux on physical CPU 0x0
Linux version 6.9.0-rc4+ (eon@ubuntu) (arm-linux-gnueabi-gcc (Ubuntu 11.4.0-1ubuntu1~22.04) 11.4.0, GNU ld (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.38) #2 SMP Fri Apr 19 01:24:56 CST 2024
CPU: ARMv7 Processor [410fc090] revision 0 (ARMv7), cr=10c5387d
CPU: PIPT / VIPT nonaliasing data cache, VIPT nonaliasing instruction cache
OF: fdt: Machine model: V2P-CA9
Memory policy: Data cache writeback
Reserved memory: created DMA memory pool at 0x4c000000, size 8 MiB
OF: reserved mem: initialized node vram@4c000000, compatible id shared-dma-pool
OF: reserved mem: 0x4c000000..0x4c7fffff (8192 KiB) nomap non-reusable vram@4c000000
cma: Reserved 16 MiB at 0x7f000000 on node -1
Zone ranges:
  Normal   [mem 0x0000000060000000-0x000000007fffffff]
Movable zone start for each node
Early memory node ranges
  node   0: [mem 0x0000000060000000-0x000000007fffffff]
Initmem setup node 0 [mem 0x0000000060000000-0x000000007fffffff]
CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.
percpu: Embedded 17 pages/cpu s38740 r8192 d22700 u69632
Kernel command line: console=ttyAMA0
printk: log_buf_len individual max cpu contribution: 4096 bytes
printk: log_buf_len total cpu_extra contributions: 12288 bytes
printk: log_buf_len min size: 16384 bytes
printk: log_buf_len: 32768 bytes
printk: early log buf free: 14956(91%)
Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, linear)
Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes, linear)
Built 1 zonelists, mobility grouping on.  Total pages: 130048
mem auto-init: stack:off, heap alloc:off, heap free:off
Memory: 488628K/524288K available (9216K kernel code, 724K rwdata, 2104K rodata, 1024K init, 190K bss, 19276K reserved, 16384K cma-reserved)
SLUB: HWalign=64, Order=0-3, MinObjects=0, CPUs=4, Nodes=1
trace event string verifier disabled
rcu: Hierarchical RCU implementation.
rcu:    RCU event tracing is enabled.
rcu:    RCU restricting CPUs from NR_CPUS=8 to nr_cpu_ids=4.
rcu: RCU calculated value of scheduler-enlistment delay is 10 jiffies.
rcu: Adjusting geometry for rcu_fanout_leaf=16, nr_cpu_ids=4
NR_IRQS: 16, nr_irqs: 16, preallocated irqs: 16
GIC CPU mask not found - kernel will fail to boot.
GIC CPU mask not found - kernel will fail to boot.
L2C: platform modifies aux control register: 0x02020000 -> 0x02420000
L2C: DT/platform modifies aux control register: 0x02020000 -> 0x02420000
L2C-310 enabling early BRESP for Cortex-A9
L2C-310 full line of zeros enabled for Cortex-A9
L2C-310 dynamic clock gating disabled, standby mode disabled
L2C-310 cache controller enabled, 8 ways, 128 kB
L2C-310: CACHE_ID 0x410000c8, AUX_CTRL 0x46420001
rcu: srcu_init: Setting srcu_struct sizes based on contention.
sched_clock: 32 bits at 24MHz, resolution 41ns, wraps every 89478484971ns
clocksource: arm,sp804: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 1911260446275 ns
smp_twd: clock not found -2
Console: colour dummy device 80x30
Calibrating local timer... 93.06MHz.
Calibrating delay loop... 887.19 BogoMIPS (lpj=4435968)
CPU: Testing write buffer coherency: ok
CPU0: Spectre v2: using BPIALL workaround
pid_max: default: 32768 minimum: 301
Mount-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
Mountpoint-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
CPU0: thread -1, cpu 0, socket 0, mpidr 80000000
Setting up static identity map for 0x60100000 - 0x60100060
rcu: Hierarchical SRCU implementation.
rcu:    Max phase no-delay instances is 1000.
smp: Bringing up secondary CPUs ...
smp: Brought up 1 node, 1 CPU
SMP: Total of 1 processors activated (887.19 BogoMIPS).
CPU: All CPU(s) started in SVC mode.
devtmpfs: initialized
VFP support v0.3: implementor 41 architecture 3 part 30 variant 9 rev 0
clocksource: jiffies: mask: 0xffffffff max_cycles: 0xffffffff, max_idle_ns: 19112604462750000 ns
futex hash table entries: 1024 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
NET: Registered PF_NETLINK/PF_ROUTE protocol family
DMA: preallocated 256 KiB pool for atomic coherent allocations
cpuidle: using governor ladder
hw-breakpoint: debug architecture 0x4 unsupported.
Serial: AMBA PL011 UART driver
amba 1001f000.clcd: Fixed dependency cycle(s) with /bus@40000000/motherboard-bus@40000000/iofpga@7,00000000/i2c@16000/dvi-transmitter@39
amba 10020000.clcd: Fixed dependency cycle(s) with /bus@40000000/motherboard-bus@40000000/iofpga@7,00000000/i2c@16000/dvi-transmitter@39
SCSI subsystem initialized
usbcore: registered new interface driver usbfs
usbcore: registered new interface driver hub
usbcore: registered new device driver usb
amba 10020000.clcd: Fixed dependency cycle(s) with /bus@40000000/motherboard-bus@40000000/iofpga@7,00000000/i2c@16000/dvi-transmitter@39
amba 1001f000.clcd: Fixed dependency cycle(s) with /bus@40000000/motherboard-bus@40000000/iofpga@7,00000000/i2c@16000/dvi-transmitter@39
i2c 0-0039: Fixed dependency cycle(s) with /bus@40000000/motherboard-bus@40000000/iofpga@7,00000000/clcd@1f000
i2c 0-0039: Fixed dependency cycle(s) with /clcd@10020000
pps_core: LinuxPPS API ver. 1 registered
pps_core: Software ver. 5.3.6 - Copyright 2005-2007 Rodolfo Giometti <[email protected]>
PTP clock support registered
Advanced Linux Sound Architecture Driver Initialized.
clocksource: Switched to clocksource arm,sp804
NET: Registered PF_INET protocol family
IP idents hash table entries: 8192 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
tcp_listen_portaddr_hash hash table entries: 512 (order: 0, 4096 bytes, linear)
Table-perturb hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes, linear)
TCP established hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes, linear)
TCP bind hash table entries: 4096 (order: 4, 65536 bytes, linear)
TCP: Hash tables configured (established 4096 bind 4096)
UDP hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
UDP-Lite hash table entries: 256 (order: 1, 8192 bytes, linear)
NET: Registered PF_UNIX/PF_LOCAL protocol family
RPC: Registered named UNIX socket transport module.
RPC: Registered udp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp-with-tls transport module.
RPC: Registered tcp NFSv4.1 backchannel transport module.
hw perfevents: enabled with armv7_cortex_a9 PMU driver, 5 counters available
workingset: timestamp_bits=30 max_order=17 bucket_order=0
squashfs: version 4.0 (2009/01/31) Phillip Lougher
jffs2: version