数据库SQLite基础学习(一)————认识以及基本SQL语句
了解SQLite数据库
SQLite是一款轻型的数据库,占用资源非常低,能够支持Windows/Linux/Unix等等主流的操作系统,同时能够跟很多程序语言相结合,比如Tcl、C#、PHP、Java等,还有ODBC接口,同样比起Mysql、PostgreSQL这两款开源的世界著名数据库管理系统来讲,它的处理速度比他们都快。
下载和安装SQLite
SQLite 的一个重要的特性是零配置的,这意味着不需要复杂的安装或管理。
环境:Windows10
下载地址:http://www.sqlite.org/download.html
您需要下载 sqlite-tools-win32-.zip 和 sqlite-dll-win32-.zip 压缩文件。
创建文件夹C:\sqlite,并在此文件夹下解压上面两个压缩文件,将得到 sqlite3.def、sqlite3.dll 和 sqlite3.exe 文件。
添加 C:\sqlite 到 PATH 环境变量,最后在命令提示符下,使用 sqlite3 命令,将显示如下结果:
SQLite 基本命令
这些命令被称为 SQLite 的点命令,这些命令的不同之处在于它们不以分号( ; )结束。我们可以命令提示符下键入简单的SQLite命令。
- sqlite3 命令,在 SQLite3 命令提示符下,您可以使用各种 SQLite 命令。
$ sqlite3
SQLite version 3.3.6
Enter ".help" for instructions
sqlite>
- “.help”获取可用的点命令的清单,显示各种重要的 SQLite 点命令的列表。
SQLite语法
- SQLite ANALYZE 语句:
ANALYZE;
or
ANALYZE database_name;
or
ANALYZE database_name.table_name;
- SQLite AND/OR 子句:
SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION-1 {AND|OR} CONDITION-2;
- ALTER语句
SQLite ALTER TABLE 语句:
ALTER TABLE table_name ADD COLUMN column_def...;
SQLite ALTER TABLE 语句(Rename):
ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_table_name;
- SQLite ATTACH DATABASE 语句:
ATTACH DATABASE 'DatabaseName' As 'Alias-Name';
- SQLite BEGIN TRANSACTION 语句:
or
BEGIN EXCLUSIVE TRANSACTION;
- SQLite BETWEEN 子句:
SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name BETWEEN val-1 AND val-2;
- SQLite COMMIT 语句:
COMMIT;
- ALTER语句
SQLite CREATE INDEX 语句:
CREATE INDEX index_name
ON table_name ( column_name COLLATE NOCASE );
SQLite CREATE UNIQUE INDEX 语句:
CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name
ON table_name ( column1, column2,...columnN);
SQLite CREATE TABLE 语句:
CREATE TABLE table_name(
column1 datatype,
column2 datatype,
column3 datatype,
.....
columnN datatype,
PRIMARY KEY( one or more columns )
);
SQLite CREATE TRIGGER 语句:
CREATE TRIGGER database_name.trigger_name
BEFORE INSERT ON table_name FOR EACH ROW
BEGIN
stmt1;
stmt2;
....
END;
SQLite CREATE VIEW 语句:
CREATE VIEW database_name.view_name AS
SELECT statement....;
SQLite CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE 语句:
CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING weblog( access.log );
or
CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING fts3( );
- SQLite COMMIT TRANSACTION 语句:
COMMIT;
- SQLite COUNT 子句:
SELECT COUNT(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION;
- SQLite DELETE 语句:
DELETE FROM table_name
WHERE {CONDITION};
- SQLite DETACH DATABASE 语句:
DETACH DATABASE 'Alias-Name';
- SQLite DISTINCT 子句:
SELECT DISTINCT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name;
- DROP语句
SQLite DROP INDEX 语句:
DROP INDEX database_name.index_name;
SQLite DROP TABLE 语句:
DROP TABLE database_name.table_name;
SQLite DROP VIEW 语句:
DROP VIEW view_name;
SQLite DROP TRIGGER 语句:
DROP TRIGGER trigger_name
- SQLite EXISTS 子句:
SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name EXISTS (SELECT * FROM table_name );
- SQLite EXPLAIN 语句:
EXPLAIN INSERT statement...;
or
EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT statement...;
- SQLite GLOB 子句:
SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name GLOB { PATTERN };
- SQLite GROUP BY 子句:
SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION
GROUP BY column_name;
- SQLite HAVING 子句:
SELECT SUM(column_name)
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION
GROUP BY column_name
HAVING (arithematic function condition);
- SQLite INSERT INTO 语句:
INSERT INTO table_name( column1, column2....columnN)
VALUES ( value1, value2....valueN);
- SQLite IN 子句:
SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);
- SQLite Like 子句:
SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name LIKE { PATTERN };
- SQLite NOT IN 子句:
SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name NOT IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);
- SQLite ORDER BY 子句:
SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION
ORDER BY column_name {ASC|DESC};
- SQLite PRAGMA 语句:
PRAGMA pragma_name;
For example:
PRAGMA page_size;
PRAGMA cache_size = 1024;
PRAGMA table_info(table_name);
- SQLite RELEASE SAVEPOINT 语句:
RELEASE savepoint_name;
- SQLite REINDEX 语句:
REINDEX collation_name;
REINDEX database_name.index_name;
REINDEX database_name.table_name;
- SQLite ROLLBACK 语句:
ROLLBACK;
or
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;
- SQLite SAVEPOINT 语句:
SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;
- QLite SELECT 语句:
SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name;
- SQLite UPDATE 语句:
UPDATE table_name
SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2....columnN=valueN
[ WHERE CONDITION ];
- SQLite VACUUM 语句:
VACUUM;
- SQLite WHERE 子句:
SELECT column1, column2....columnN
FROM table_name
WHERE CONDITION;
下面是部分语句的演示:
SQLite数据库完整教程参见:http://www.runoob.com/sqlite/sqlite-tutorial.html。
用 SQLite Expert Professional 打开一个SQLite数据库文件,查看其中的表
SQLite的图形化管理工具SQLite Expert Professional 5.x (trial version)下载地址:http://www.sqliteexpert.com/download.html。