黑马jvm课程笔记d1

目录

一、堆内存相关

1.1.定义

1.2堆内存溢出

1.2.1 堆内存内存诊断工具

二、方法区相关

2.1.方法区组成

2.2.方法区内存溢出

2.3.方法区内常量池

2.4.运行时常量池

三.StringTable相关

3.1 StringTable延迟实例

3.2 StringTable特性

3.3 StringTable—intern方法将字符串添加到串池子

 3.4 StringTable—垃圾回收功能验证

3.5 StringTable—调优


b站黑马jvm课程学习笔记

一、堆内存相关

1.1.定义

1.2堆内存溢出

堆内存溢出时,将抛出以下异常:

java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Java heap space

1.2.1 堆内存内存诊断工具

1.2.1.1 jps工具和jmap工具使用案例,执行如下代码:

public class Demo1_4 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        System.out.println("1...");
        Thread.sleep(30000);
        byte[] array = new byte[1024 * 1024 * 10]; // 10 Mb
        System.out.println("2...");
        Thread.sleep(20000);
        array = null;
        System.gc();
        System.out.println("3...");
        Thread.sleep(1000000L);
    }
}

 同时在Terminal终端执行以下命令:

1.jps

结果显示:

17440 Demo1_16
21216 Launcher
25184 Jps
19060
25316 Launcher
16748 Demo1_4
2.jmap -heap 16748

结果显示:

Attaching to process ID 16748, please wait...
Debugger attached successfully.
Server compiler detected.
JVM version is 25.301-b09

using thread-local object allocation.
Parallel GC with 10 thread(s)

Heap Configuration:
   MinHeapFreeRatio         = 0
   MaxHeapFreeRatio         = 100
   MaxHeapSize              = 4234149888 (4038.0MB)//最大堆内存
   NewSize                  = 88604672 (84.5MB)//新生代内存
   MaxNewSize               = 1411383296 (1346.0MB)
   OldSize                  = 177733632 (169.5MB)//老年代内存
   NewRatio                 = 2
   SurvivorRatio            = 8
   MetaspaceSize            = 21807104 (20.796875MB)
   CompressedClassSpaceSize = 1073741824 (1024.0MB)
   MaxMetaspaceSize         = 17592186044415 MB
   G1HeapRegionSize         = 0 (0.0MB)

Heap Usage:
PS Young Generation
Eden Space:
   capacity = 66584576 (63.5MB)
   used     = 17149144 (16.354698181152344MB)
   free     = 49435432 (47.145301818847656MB)
   25.755430206539124% used
From Space:
   capacity = 11010048 (10.5MB)
   used     = 0 (0.0MB)
   free     = 11010048 (10.5MB)
   0.0% used
To Space:
   capacity = 11010048 (10.5MB)
   used     = 0 (0.0MB)
   free     = 11010048 (10.5MB)
   0.0% used
PS Old Generation
   capacity = 177733632 (169.5MB)
   used     = 0 (0.0MB)
   free     = 177733632 (169.5MB)
   0.0% used

3188 interned Strings occupying 282184 bytes.
 在三个不同的时间段执行jmap -heap 16748,所得的 used数值分别为:

   used     = 6663368 (6.354682922363281MB)
   used     = 17149144 (16.354698181152344MB)
   used     = 1331712 (1.27001953125MB)

 1.2.1.2 控制台终端执行jconsole命令

在三个不同的时段内,jconsole测试结果如下:

 1.2.1.3 控制台终端执行jvisualvm命令

 

二、方法区相关

方法区特点:

1.所有java虚拟机线程共享的区域(与堆一样)

2.存储了和类相关的信息,如成员变量、方法数据、成员方法和构造方法的代码部分、特殊方法(类构造器)、运行时常量池

3.方法区在虚拟机启动时候创建,逻辑上是堆的组成部分

4.规范上并不强制指定方法区的位置(不同jvm的实现方法区的位置会不同)

5.方法区也会有内存溢出问题

2.1.方法区组成

2.2.方法区内存溢出

/**
 * 演示元空间内存溢出 java.lang.OutOfMemoryError: Metaspace
 * -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=8m
 */
public class Demo1_8 extends ClassLoader { // 可以用来加载类的二进制字节码
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int j = 0;
        try {
            Demo1_8 test = new Demo1_8();
            for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++, j++) {
                // ClassWriter 作用是生成类的二进制字节码
                ClassWriter cw = new ClassWriter(0);
                // 版本号, public, 类名, 包名, 父类, 接口
                cw.visit(Opcodes.V1_8, Opcodes.ACC_PUBLIC, "Class" + i, null, "java/lang/Object", null);
                // 返回 byte[]
                byte[] code = cw.toByteArray();
                // 执行了类的加载
                test.defineClass("Class" + i, code, 0, code.length); // Class 对象
            }
        } finally {
            System.out.println(j);
        }
    }
}

 设置方法空间的内存大小,模拟内存溢出:

2.3.方法区内常量池

// 二进制字节码(类基本信息,常量池,类方法定义,包含了虚拟机指令)
public class HelloWorld {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println("hello world");
    }
}
在target目录下的HelloWold.class文件所在目录的控制台执行:
javap -v HelloWorld.class
可得信息如下:

//类的基本信息:
  Last modified 2022-8-5; size 583 bytes
  MD5 checksum 5eac5b526dee075f096a14efdf25dd55
  Compiled from "HelloWorld.java"
public class com.whx.cn.itcast.jvm.t5.HelloWorld
  minor version: 0
  major version: 52
  flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_SUPER

//常量池:
Constant pool:
   #1 = Methodref          #6.#20         // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
   #2 = Fieldref           #21.#22        // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
   #3 = String             #23            // hello world
   #4 = Methodref          #24.#25        // java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
   #5 = Class              #26            // com/whx/cn/itcast/jvm/t5/HelloWorld
   #6 = Class              #27            // java/lang/Object
   #7 = Utf8               <init>
   #8 = Utf8               ()V
   #9 = Utf8               Code
  #10 = Utf8               LineNumberTable
  #11 = Utf8               LocalVariableTable
  #12 = Utf8               this
  #13 = Utf8               Lcom/whx/cn/itcast/jvm/t5/HelloWorld;
  #14 = Utf8               main
  #15 = Utf8               ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
  #16 = Utf8               args
  #17 = Utf8               [Ljava/lang/String;
  #18 = Utf8               SourceFile
  #19 = Utf8               HelloWorld.java
  #20 = NameAndType        #7:#8          // "<init>":()V
  #21 = Class              #28            // java/lang/System
  #22 = NameAndType        #29:#30        // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #23 = Utf8               hello world
  #24 = Class              #31            // java/io/PrintStream
  #25 = NameAndType        #32:#33        // println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
  #26 = Utf8               com/whx/cn/itcast/jvm/t5/HelloWorld
  #27 = Utf8               java/lang/Object
  #28 = Utf8               java/lang/System
  #29 = Utf8               out
  #30 = Utf8               Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #31 = Utf8               java/io/PrintStream
  #32 = Utf8               println
  #33 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/String;)V
{
  public com.whx.cn.itcast.jvm.t5.HelloWorld();
    descriptor: ()V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC
    Code:
      stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1
         0: aload_0
         1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
         4: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 4: 0
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0       5     0  this   Lcom/whx/cn/itcast/jvm/t5/HelloWorld;

  public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC
    Code:
      stack=2, locals=1, args_size=1
         0: getstatic     #2                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
         3: ldc           #3                  // String hello world
         5: invokevirtual #4                  // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Ljava/lang/String;)V
         8: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 6: 0
        line 7: 8
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0       9     0  args   [Ljava/lang/String;
}
SourceFile: "HelloWorld.java"

2.4.运行时常量池

三.StringTable相关

// StringTable [ "a", "b" ,"ab" ]串池子, hashtable 结构,不能扩容
public class Demo1_22 {
    // 常量池中的信息,都会被加载到运行时常量池中, 这时 a b ab 都是常量池中的符号,还没有变为 java 字符串对象
    // ldc #2 会把 a 符号变为 "a" 字符串对象
    // ldc #3 会把 b 符号变为 "b" 字符串对象
    // ldc #4 会把 ab 符号变为 "ab" 字符串对象

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String s1 = "a"; // 懒惰的
        String s2 = "b";
        String s3 = "ab";
        String s4 = s1 + s2; // new StringBuilder().append("a").append("b").toString()  new String("ab")
        System.out.println(s3 == s4);//false

        String s5 = "a" + "b";  // javac 在编译期间的优化,结果已经在编译期确定为ab

        System.out.println(s3 == s5);//true

}
//通过javap -v Demo1_22.class执行反编译命令:
Constant pool:
   #1 = Methodref          #12.#36        // java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
   #2 = String             #37            // a
   #3 = String             #38            // b
   #4 = String             #39            // ab
   #5 = Class              #40            // java/lang/StringBuilder
   #6 = Methodref          #5.#36         // java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
   #7 = Methodref          #5.#41         // java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
   #8 = Methodref          #5.#42         // java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
   #9 = Fieldref           #43.#44        // java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #10 = Methodref          #45.#46        // java/io/PrintStream.println:(Z)V
  #11 = Class              #47            // com/whx/cn/itcast/jvm/t1/stringtable/Demo1_22
  #12 = Class              #48            // java/lang/Object
  #13 = Utf8               <init>
  #14 = Utf8               ()V
  #15 = Utf8               Code
  #16 = Utf8               LineNumberTable
  #17 = Utf8               LocalVariableTable
  #18 = Utf8               this
  #19 = Utf8               Lcom/whx/cn/itcast/jvm/t1/stringtable/Demo1_22;
  #20 = Utf8               main
  #21 = Utf8               ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
  #22 = Utf8               args
  #23 = Utf8               [Ljava/lang/String;
  #24 = Utf8               s1
  #25 = Utf8               Ljava/lang/String;
  #26 = Utf8               s2
  #27 = Utf8               s3
  #28 = Utf8               s4
  #29 = Utf8               s5
  #30 = Utf8               StackMapTable
  #31 = Class              #23            // "[Ljava/lang/String;"
  #32 = Class              #49            // java/lang/String
  #33 = Class              #50            // java/io/PrintStream
  #34 = Utf8               SourceFile
  #35 = Utf8               Demo1_22.java
  #36 = NameAndType        #13:#14        // "<init>":()V
  #37 = Utf8               a
  #38 = Utf8               b
  #39 = Utf8               ab
  #40 = Utf8               java/lang/StringBuilder
  #41 = NameAndType        #51:#52        // append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
  #42 = NameAndType        #53:#54        // toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
  #43 = Class              #55            // java/lang/System
  #44 = NameAndType        #56:#57        // out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #45 = Class              #50            // java/io/PrintStream
  #46 = NameAndType        #58:#59        // println:(Z)V
  #47 = Utf8               com/whx/cn/itcast/jvm/t1/stringtable/Demo1_22
  #48 = Utf8               java/lang/Object
  #49 = Utf8               java/lang/String
  #50 = Utf8               java/io/PrintStream
  #51 = Utf8               append
  #52 = Utf8               (Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
  #53 = Utf8               toString
  #54 = Utf8               ()Ljava/lang/String;
  #55 = Utf8               java/lang/System
  #56 = Utf8               out
  #57 = Utf8               Ljava/io/PrintStream;
  #58 = Utf8               println
  #59 = Utf8               (Z)V
{
  public com.whx.cn.itcast.jvm.t1.stringtable.Demo1_22();
    descriptor: ()V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC
    Code:
      stack=1, locals=1, args_size=1
         0: aload_0
         1: invokespecial #1                  // Method java/lang/Object."<init>":()V
         4: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 4: 0
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0       5     0  this   Lcom/whx/cn/itcast/jvm/t1/stringtable/Demo1_22;

  public static void main(java.lang.String[]);
    descriptor: ([Ljava/lang/String;)V
    flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC
    Code:
      stack=3, locals=6, args_size=1
         0: ldc           #2                  // String a
         2: astore_1
         3: ldc           #3                  // String b
         5: astore_2
         6: ldc           #4                  // String ab
         8: astore_3
         9: new           #5                  // class java/lang/StringBuilder
        12: dup
        13: invokespecial #6                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder."<init>":()V
        16: aload_1
        17: invokevirtual #7                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
        20: aload_2
        21: invokevirtual #7                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.append:(Ljava/lang/String;)Ljava/lang/StringBuilder;
        24: invokevirtual #8                  // Method java/lang/StringBuilder.toString:()Ljava/lang/String;
        27: astore        4
        29: ldc           #4                  // String ab
        31: astore        5
        33: getstatic     #9                  // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream;
        36: aload_3
        37: aload         5
        39: if_acmpne     46
        42: iconst_1
        43: goto          47
        46: iconst_0
        47: invokevirtual #10                 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(Z)V
        50: return
      LineNumberTable:
        line 11: 0
        line 12: 3
        line 13: 6
        line 14: 9
        line 15: 29
        line 17: 33
        line 21: 50
      LocalVariableTable:
        Start  Length  Slot  Name   Signature
            0      51     0  args   [Ljava/lang/String;
            3      48     1    s1   Ljava/lang/String;
            6      45     2    s2   Ljava/lang/String;
            9      42     3    s3   Ljava/lang/String;
           29      22     4    s4   Ljava/lang/String;
           33      18     5    s5   Ljava/lang/String;
      StackMapTable: number_of_entries = 2
        frame_type = 255 /* full_frame */
          offset_delta = 46
          locals = [ class "[Ljava/lang/String;", class java/lang/String, class java/lang/String, class java/lang/String, class java/lang/String, class java/lang/String ]
          stack = [ class java/io/PrintStream ]
        frame_type = 255 /* full_frame */
          offset_delta = 0
          locals = [ class "[Ljava/lang/String;", class java/lang/String, class java/lang/String, class java/lang/String, class java/lang/String, class java/lang/String ]
          stack = [ class java/io/PrintStream, int ]
}
SourceFile: "Demo1_22.java"

 s4的生成过程为:

s5的生成过程为:

3.1 StringTable延迟实例

3.2 StringTable特性

 

3.3 StringTable—intern方法将字符串添加到串池子

public class Demo1_23 {
    //  ["ab", "a", "b"]
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        String x = "ab";
        String s = new String("a") + new String("b");

        // 堆  new String("a")   new String("b") new String("ab")
        String s2 = s.intern(); // 将这个字符串对象尝试放入串池,如果有则并不会放入,如果没有则放入串池, 会把串池中的对象返回

        System.out.println( s2 == x);//true
        System.out.println( s == x );//false
    }
}

 s2是串池中的“ab”,s是new String(“ab”),二者不同

面试题解答:

 3.4 StringTable—垃圾回收功能验证

/**
 * 演示 StringTable 垃圾回收
 * -Xmx10m -XX:+PrintStringTableStatistics -XX:+PrintGCDetails -verbose:gc
 */
public class Demo1_7 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        int i = 0;
        try {
            for (int j = 0; j < 10000; j++) { // j=100, j=10000
                String.valueOf(j).intern();
                i++;
            }
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } finally {
            System.out.println(i);
        }

    }
}

根据循环次数的不同,可体现垃圾回收功能

不循环时:

循环10000次时:

循环1000次时:

 

3.5 StringTable—调优

(1)通过调节StringTable的桶大小-XX:StringTableSize=设置大小,可以进行调优

/**
 * 演示串池大小对性能的影响
 * -Xms500m -Xmx500m -XX:+PrintStringTableStatistics -XX:StringTableSize=1009
 */
public class Demo1_24 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("linux.words"), "utf-8"))) {
            String line = null;
            long start = System.nanoTime();
            while (true) {
                line = reader.readLine();
                if (line == null) {
                    break;
                }
                line.intern();
            }
            System.out.println("cost:" + (System.nanoTime() - start) / 1000000);
        }


    }
}

(2)通过调节让大量字符串入池,可以减少堆内存使用

/**
 * 演示 intern 减少内存占用
 * -XX:StringTableSize=200000 -XX:+PrintStringTableStatistics
 * -Xsx500m -Xmx500m -XX:+PrintStringTableStatistics -XX:StringTableSize=200000
 */
public class Demo1_25 {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {

        List<String> address = new ArrayList<>();
        System.in.read();
        for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
            try (BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(new FileInputStream("linux.words"), "utf-8"))) {
                String line = null;
                long start = System.nanoTime();
                while (true) {
                    line = reader.readLine();
                    if(line == null) {
                        break;
                    }
                    address.add(line.intern());
                    //address.add(line);
                }
                System.out.println("cost:" +(System.nanoTime()-start)/1000000);
            }
        }
        System.in.read();


    }
}
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