Linux (CentOS 7)数据库安装与升级-MySQL
安装
检查是否已经安装过mysql
rpm -qa | grep mysql
若显示数据库,执行删除命令,若有多条可重复执行。
rpm -e --nodeps '显示的数据库名'
查询所有mysql对应的文件夹
whereis mysql
删除相关的目录
rm -rf /usr/bin/mysql /usr/include/mysql /data/mysql /data/mysql/mysql
检查mysql用户组和用户是否存在,若没有,则创建
cat /etc/group | grep mysql
cat /etc/passwd |grep mysql
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql
从官网下载mysql安装包
https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
[root@localhost /]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.34-1.sles12.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
下载完成后解压
tar -xzvf mysql-5.7.34-1.sles12.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
解压完成后,可以看到当前目录下多了一个解压文件,移动该文件到**/usr/local/下,并将文件夹名称修改为mysql**。
mv mysql-5.7.30-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
在/usr/local/mysql目录下创建data目录
mkdir /usr/local/mysql/data
更改mysql目录下所有的目录及文件夹所属的用户组和用户,以及权限
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql
编译安装并初始化mysql,务必记住初始化输出日志末尾的密码(数据库管理员临时密码)
cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
./mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data --basedir=/usr/local/mysql
运行初始化命令成功后,输出日志
记录日志最末尾位置**root@localhost:**后的字符串,此字符串为mysql管理员临时密码。
编辑配置文件my.cnf,添加配置如下
vi /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
port=3306
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
symbolic-links=0
max_connections=600
innodb_file_per_table=1
lower_case_table_names=1
测试启动mysql服务器
/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
添加软连接,并重启mysql服务
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/bin/mysql
service mysql restart
登录mysql,修改密码(登录密码为之前的临时密码)
mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
mysql>set password for root@localhost = password('yourpass');
开放远程连接
mysql>use mysql;
msyql>update user set user.Host='%' where user.User='root';
mysql>flush privileges;
设置开机自动启动
1、将服务文件拷贝到init.d下,并重命名为mysql
cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
2、赋予可执行权限
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
3、添加服务
chkconfig --add mysqld
4、显示服务列表
chkconfig --list
安装配置完成
升级
方法一
建立一个文件夹存放备份文件
mkdir /software
cd /software
mysqldump -u root -p --all-databases --default-character-set=utf8 > /software/databases.sql
停止MySQL服务
service mysqld stop
从官网下载高版本mysql安装包
https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
[root@localhost /]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-8.0.25-1.sl15.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
下载完成后解压
tar -xvf mysql-8.0.25-1.sl15.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
按顺序安装
rpm -ivh mysql-community-common
rpm -ivh mysql-community-libs
rpm -ivh mysql-community-client
rpm -ivh mysql-community-server --force --nodeps
启动MySQL
service mysql start
配置MySQL
/usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
若数据有问题,导入备份数据文件
mysql>source /software/databases.sql
出现的问题
libatomic.so.1()(64bit) is needed by mysql-community-libs
yum install glibc.i686
wget http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/Packages/libatomic-4.8.5-44.el7.i686.rpm
rpm -i libatomic-4.8.5-44.el7.i686.rpm
yum install libatomic
方法二
0,卸载要被替换的低版本mysql
rpm -qa |grep -i mysql
rpm -qa | grep -i mysql | xargs rpm -ev --nodeps
1,更新yum源
yum update
2,下载MySQL yum包
wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
3,安装软件源
rpm -Uvh https://dev.mysql.com/get/mysql80-community-release-el7-3.noarch.rpm
4,安装MySQL
yum install -y mysql-community-server
5,启动MySQL
service mysqld start
yum换源
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
cp CentOS7.x-Base.repo repo.bak/
cd repo.bak
cp CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/
cd ../
rm CentOS7.x-Base.repo