理解指针：qsort函数

1. 回调函数

回调函数就是⼀个通过函数指针调⽤的函数。 如果你把函数的指针（地址）作为参数传递给另⼀个函数，当这个指针被⽤来调⽤其所指向的函数 时，被调⽤的函数就是回调函数。回调函数不是由该函数的实现⽅直接调⽤，⽽是在特定的事件或条 件发⽣时由另外的⼀⽅调⽤的，⽤于对该事件或条件进⾏响应。

//使⽤回调函数改造前
#include <stdio.h>
int add(int a, int b)
{
 return a + b;
}
int sub(int a, int b)
{
 return a - b;
}
int mul(int a, int b)
{
 return a * b;
}
int div(int a, int b)
{
 return a / b;
}
int main()
{
 int x, y;
 int input = 1;
 int ret = 0;
 do
 {
 printf("******************
 printf(" 1:add 
 printf(" 3:mul 
 printf("******************
 printf("请选择：");
 scanf("%d", &input);
 switch (input)
 {
 case 1:
 printf("输⼊操作数：");
 scanf("%d %d", &x, &y)
 ret = add(x, y);
 printf("ret = %d\n", r
 break;
 case 2:
 printf("输⼊操作数：");
 scanf("%d %d", &x, &y)
 ret = sub(x, y);
 printf("ret = %d\n", r
 break;
 case 3:
 printf("输⼊操作数：");
 scanf("%d %d", &x, &y)
 ret = mul(x, y);
 printf("ret = %d\n", r
 break;
 case 4:
 printf("输⼊操作数：");
 scanf("%d %d", &x, &y)
 ret = div(x, y);
 printf("ret = %d\n", r
 break;
 case 0:
 printf("退出程序\n");
 break;
default:
 printf("选择错误\n");
 break;
 }
 } while (input);
 return 0;
}

//使⽤回到函数改造后
#include <stdio.h>
int add(int a, int b)
{
 return a + b;
}
int sub(int a, int b)
{
 return a - b;
}
int mul(int a, int b)
{
 return a * b;
}
int div(int a, int b)
{
 return a / b;
}
void calc(int(*pf)(int, int))
{
 int ret = 0;
 int x, y;
 printf("输⼊操作数：");
 scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
 ret = pf(x, y);
 printf("ret = %d\n", ret);
}
int main()
{
 int input = 1;
 do
 {
 printf("******************
 printf(" 1:add 
 printf(" 3:mul 
 printf("******************
 printf("请选择：");
 scanf("%d", &input);
 switch (input)
 {
 case 1:
 calc(add);
 break;
 case 2:
 calc(sub);
 break;
 case 3:
 calc(mul);
 break;
 case 4:
 calc(div);
 break;
 case 0:
 printf("退出程序\n");
 break;
 default:
 printf("选择错误\n");
 break;
 }
 } while (input);
return 0;
}

2. qsort使⽤举例

#include <stdio.h>
//qosrt函数的使⽤者得实现⼀个⽐较函数
int int_cmp(const void * p1, const void * p2)
{
 return (*( int *)p1 - *(int *) p2);
}
int main()
{
 int arr[] = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 2, 4, 6, 8, 0 };
 int i = 0;
 
 qsort(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]), sizeof (int), int_cmp);
 for (i = 0; i< sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); i++)
 {
 printf( "%d ", arr[i]);
 }
 printf("\n");
 return 0;
}

3. qsort函数的模拟实现

使⽤回调函数，模拟实现qsort（采⽤冒泡的⽅式）。

#include <stdio.h>
int int_cmp(const void * p1, const void * p2)
{
 return (*( int *)p1 - *(int *) p2);
}
void _swap(void *p1, void * p2, int size)
{
 int i = 0;
 for (i = 0; i< size; i++)
 {
 char tmp = *((char *)p1 + i);
 *(( char *)p1 + i) = *((char *) p2 + i);
 *(( char *)p2 + i) = tmp;
 }
}
void bubble(void *base, int count , int size, int(*cmp )(void *, void *))
{
 int i = 0;
 int j = 0;
 for (i = 0; i< count - 1; i++)
 {
 for (j = 0; j<count-i-1; j++)
 {
 if (cmp ((char *) base + j*size , (char *)base + (j + 1)*size) > 0)
 {
 _swap(( char *)base + j*size, (char *)base + (j + 1)*size, size);
 }
 }
 }
}
int main()
{
 int arr[] = { 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 2, 4, 6, 8, 0 };
 //char *arr[] = {"aaaa","dddd","cccc","bbbb"};
 int i = 0;
 bubble(arr, sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]), sizeof (int), int_cmp);
 for (i = 0; i< sizeof(arr) / sizeof(arr[0]); i++)
 {
 printf( "%d ", arr[i]);
 }
 printf("\n");
 return 0;
}