- 求 ∫ L 2 x y d x − x 2 d y \int_L2xydx-x^2dy ∫L2xydx−x2dy的值,其中L沿下列不同路径从原点 O ( 0 , 0 ) O(0,0) O(0,0)到终点 A ( 2 , 1 ) A(2,1) A(2,1)
(1) 直线段 O A ‾ \overline{OA} OA;
(2) 以Oy轴为对称轴的抛物线段 O m A ⏠ \overgroup{OmA} OmA ;
(3) 折线OBA;
(4) 折线OCA.
解:
(1)
O A ‾ : y = x 2 ( 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 ) \overline{OA}:y=\frac{x}{2}(0\leq x \leq2) OA:y=2x(0≤x≤2)
∫ O A ‾ 2 x y d x − x 2 d y = ∫ 0 2 ( x 2 − x 2 2 ) d x = x 3 6 ∣ 0 2 = 4 3 \begin{aligned} \int_{\overline{OA}}2xydx-x^2dy &= \int_0^2 (x^2-\frac{x^2}{2})dx \\ &= \left. \frac{x^3}{6} \right|_0^2 \\ &= \frac{4}{3} \\ \end{aligned} ∫OA2xydx−x2dy=∫02(x2−2x2)dx=6x3∣∣∣∣02=34
(2)
O m A ⏠ : y = x 2 4 ( 0 ≤ x ≤ 2 ) \overgroup{OmA}:y=\frac{x^2}{4}(0\leq x \leq2) OmA :y=4x2(0≤x≤2)
∫ O m A ⏠ 2 x y d x − x 2 d y = ∫ 0 2 ( x 3 2 − x 3 2 ) d x = 0 \begin{aligned} \int_{\overgroup{OmA}}2xydx-x^2dy &= \int_0^2 (\frac{x^3}{2}-\frac{x^3}{2})dx \\ &= 0 \\ \end{aligned} ∫OmA 2xydx−x2dy=∫02(2x3−2x3)dx=0
(3)
∫ O B A 2 x y d x − x 2 d y = ∫ O B ‾ 2 x y d x − x 2 d y + ∫ B A ‾ 2 x y d x − x 2 d y = 0 + ∫ 0 1 − 4 d y = − 4 \begin{aligned} \int_{OBA}2xydx-x^2dy &= \int_{\overline{OB}}2xydx-x^2dy + \int_{\overline{BA}}2xydx-x^2dy \\ &= 0 + \int_0^1-4dy \\ &= -4 \\ \end{aligned} ∫OBA2xydx−x2dy=∫OB2xydx−x2dy+∫BA2xydx−x2dy=0+∫01−4dy=−4
(4)
∫ O C A 2 x y d x − x 2 d y = ∫ O C ‾ 2 x y d x − x 2 d y + ∫ C A ‾ 2 x y d x − x 2 d y = 0 + ∫ 0 2 ( 2 x ) d x = 4 \begin{aligned} \int_{OCA}2xydx-x^2dy &= \int_{\overline{OC}}2xydx-x^2dy + \int_{\overline{CA}}2xydx-x^2dy \\ &= 0 + \int_0^2(2x) dx \\ &= 4 \\ \end{aligned} ∫OCA2xydx−x2dy=∫OC2xydx−x2dy+∫CA2xydx−x2dy=0+∫02(2x)dx=4 - 求 ∫ L F ⋅ d r \int_L\bf{F\cdot}d\bf{r} ∫LF⋅dr,其中 F = ( x 2 + y , x + y 2 ) \bf{F}=(x^2+y,x+y^2) F=(x2+y,x+y2),L沿下列各路径从点 A ( 1 , 0 ) A(1,0) A(1,0)到点 B ( − 1 , 0 ) B(-1,0) B(−1,0):
(1) 半圆周 y = − 1 − x 2 y=-\sqrt{1-x^2} y=−1−x2;
(2) 直线段 A B ‾ \overline{AB} AB;
(3) 折线段ACB,其中C点的坐标为(0,-1);
解:
(1)
∫ L F ⋅ d r = ∫ L ( x 2 + y ) d x + ( x + y 2 ) d y = ∫ 0 − π ( c o s 2 t + s i n t ) ( − s i n t ) + ( c o s t + s i n 2 t ) c o s t d t = ∫ 0 − π ( c o s 2 t + s i n 2 t c o s t − c o s 2 t s i n t ) d t = ( s i n 2 t 2 + s i n 3 t 3 + c o s 3 t 3 ) ∣ 0 − π = − 2 3 \begin{aligned} \int_L\bf{F\cdot}d\bf{r} &= \int_L(x^2+y)dx+(x+y^2)dy \\ &= \int_0^{-\pi}(cos^2t+sint)(-sint)+(cost+sin^2t)costdt \\ &= \int_0^{-\pi}(cos2t+sin^2tcost-cos^2tsint)dt \\ &= \left. (\frac{sin2t}{2} + \frac{sin^3t}{3} + \frac{cos^3t}{3}) \right|_0^{-\pi}\\ &= -\frac{2}{3} \\ \end{aligned} ∫LF⋅dr=∫L(x2+y)dx+(x+y2)dy=∫0−π(cos2t+sint)(−sint)+(cost+sin2t)costdt=∫0−π(cos2t+sin2tcost−cos2tsint)dt=(2sin2t+3sin3t+3cos3t)∣∣∣∣0−π=−32
(2)
A B ‾ : y = 0 ( − 1 ≤ x ≤ 1 ) \overline{AB}:y=0(-1\leq x \leq1) AB:y=0(−1≤x≤1)
∫ A B ‾ F ⋅ d r = ∫ A B ‾ ( x 2 + y ) d x + ( x + y 2 ) d y = ∫ 1 − 1 x 2 d x = x 3 3 ∣ 1 − 1 = − 2 3 \begin{aligned} \int_{\overline{AB}}\bf{F\cdot}d\bf{r} &= \int_{\overline{AB}}(x^2+y)dx+(x+y^2)dy \\ &= \int_{1}^{-1}x^2dx \\ &= \left. \frac{x^3}{3} \right|_{1}^{-1} \\ &= -\frac{2}{3} \\ \end{aligned} ∫ABF⋅dr=∫AB(x2+y)dx+(x+y2)dy=∫1−1x2dx=3x3∣∣∣∣1−1=−32
(3)
A C ‾ : y = x − 1 ( 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 ) C B ‾ : y = − x − 1 ( − 1 ≤ x ≤ 0 ) \overline{AC}:y=x-1(0\leq x \leq1) \\ \overline{CB}:y=-x-1(-1\leq x \leq0) AC:y=x−1(0≤x≤1)CB:y=−x−1(−1≤x≤0)
∫ A C B ‾ F ⋅ d r = ∫ A C ‾ ( x 2 + y ) d x + ( x + y 2 ) d y + ∫ C B ‾ ( x 2 + y ) d x + ( x + y 2 ) d y = ∫ 1 0 [ x 2 + x − 1 + x + ( x − 1 ) 2 ] d x + ∫ 0 − 1 [ x 2 − x − 1 − x − ( − x − 1 ) 2 ] d x = ∫ 1 0 ( 2 x 2 ) d x + ∫ 0 − 1 ( − 4 x − 2 ) d x = ∫ 1 0 ( 2 x 2 ) d x + ∫ 1 0 ( 4 x − 2 ) d x = ( 2 x 3 3 + 2 x 2 − 2 x ) ∣ 1 0 = − 2 3 \begin{aligned} \int_{\overline{ACB}}\bf{F\cdot}d\bf{r} &= \int_{\overline{AC}}(x^2+y)dx+(x+y^2)dy + \int_{\overline{CB}}(x^2+y)dx+(x+y^2)dy\\ &= \int_{1}^{0}[x^2+x-1+x+(x-1)^2]dx + \int_{0}^{-1}[x^2-x-1-x-(-x-1)^2]dx\\ &= \int_{1}^{0}(2x^2)dx + \int_{0}^{-1}(-4x-2)dx\\ &= \int_{1}^{0}(2x^2)dx + \int_{1}^{0}(4x-2)dx\\ &= (\left. \frac{2x^3}{3}+2x^2-2x) \right|_{1}^{0} \\ &= -\frac{2}{3} \\ \end{aligned}
高数习题8.2
最新推荐文章于 2022-09-30 10:35:43 发布
该博客详细解答了一系列积分计算问题,涉及多种路径下的曲线积分,包括直线、抛物线、折线等,以及圆周、螺旋线等闭合路径上的积分。解题过程覆盖了多元函数、曲线积分、格林公式等多个高数概念,展示了高数在解决实际问题中的应用。
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