高数习题8.2

1. 求${\int }_{L}2xydx-x^{2}dy$的值，其中L沿下列不同路径从原点$O(0,0)$到终点$A(2,1)$
   (1) 直线段$\overline{OA}$;
   (2) 以Oy轴为对称轴的抛物线段$\overgroup{OmA}$;
   (3) 折线OBA；
   (4) 折线OCA.
   解：
   (1)
   $\overline{OA}:y=\frac{x}{2}(0\le x\le 2)$
   $\begin{array}{rl}{\int }_{\overline{OA}}2xydx-x^{2}dy& ={\int }_0^2(x^2-\frac{x^2}{2})dx\\ & ={\frac{x^3}{6}|}_0^2\\ & =\frac{4}{3}\end{array}$
   (2)
   $\overgroup{OmA}:y=\frac{x^2}{4}(0\le x\le 2)$
   $\begin{array}{rl}{\int }_{\overgroup{OmA}}2xydx-x^{2}dy& ={\int }_0^2(\frac{x^3}{2}-\frac{x^3}{2})dx\\ & =0\end{array}$
   (3)
   $\begin{array}{rl}{\int }_{OBA}2xydx-x^{2}dy& ={\int }_{\overline{OB}}2xydx-x^{2}dy+{\int }_{\overline{BA}}2xydx-x^{2}dy\\ & =0+{\int }_0^1-4dy\\ & =-4\end{array}$
   (4)
   $\begin{array}{rl}{\int }_{OCA}2xydx-x^{2}dy& ={\int }_{\overline{OC}}2xydx-x^{2}dy+{\int }_{\overline{CA}}2xydx-x^{2}dy\\ & =0+{\int }_0^2(2x)dx\\ & =4\end{array}$
2. 求${\int }_L\mathbf{F}\cdot \mathbf{d}\mathbf{r}$，其中$\mathbf{F}=({\mathbf{x}}^2+\mathbf{y},\mathbf{x}+{\mathbf{y}}^2)$，L沿下列各路径从点$A(1,0)$到点$B(-1,0)$:
   (1) 半圆周$y=-\sqrt{1-x^2}$;
   (2) 直线段$\overline{AB}$;
   (3) 折线段ACB，其中C点的坐标为(0,-1);
   解：
   (1)
   $\begin{array}{rl}{\int }_L\mathbf{F}\cdot \mathbf{d}\mathbf{r}& ={\int }_L(x^2+y)dx+(x+y^2)dy\\ & ={\int }_0^{-\pi }(co{s}^{2}t+sint)(-sint)+(cost+si{n}^{2}t)costdt\\ & ={\int }_0^{-\pi }(cos2t+si{n}^{2}tcost-co{s}^{2}tsint)dt\\ & ={(\frac{sin2t}{2}+\frac{si{n}^{3}t}{3}+\frac{co{s}^{3}t}{3})|}_0^{-\pi }\\ & =-\frac{2}{3}\end{array}$
   (2)
   $\overline{AB}:y=0(-1\le x\le 1)$
   $\begin{array}{rl}{\int }_{\overline{AB}}\mathbf{F}\cdot \mathbf{d}\mathbf{r}& ={\int }_{\overline{AB}}(x^2+y)dx+(x+y^2)dy\\ & ={\int }_1^{-1}{x}^{2}dx\\ & ={\frac{x^3}{3}|}_1^{-1}\\ & =-\frac{2}{3}\end{array}$
   (3)
   $$\begin{gathered} \overline{AC}:y=x-1(0\le x\le 1) \\ \overline{CB}:y=-x-1(-1\le x\le 0) \end{gathered}$$
   ∫ A C B ‾ F ⋅ d r = ∫ A C ‾ ( x 2 + y ) d x + ( x + y 2 ) d y + ∫ C B ‾ ( x 2 + y ) d x + ( x + y 2 ) d y = ∫ 1 0 [ x 2 + x − 1 + x + ( x − 1 ) 2 ] d x + ∫ 0 − 1 [ x 2 − x − 1 − x − ( − x − 1 ) 2 ] d x = ∫ 1 0 ( 2 x 2 ) d x + ∫ 0 − 1 ( − 4 x − 2 ) d x = ∫ 1 0 ( 2 x 2 ) d x + ∫ 1 0 ( 4 x − 2 ) d x = ( 2 x 3 3 + 2 x 2 − 2 x ) ∣ 1 0 = − 2 3 \begin{aligned} \int_{\overline{ACB}}\bf{F\cdot}d\bf{r} &= \int_{\overline{AC}}(x^2+y)dx+(x+y^2)dy + \int_{\overline{CB}}(x^2+y)dx+(x+y^2)dy\\ &= \int_{1}^{0}[x^2+x-1+x+(x-1)^2]dx + \int_{0}^{-1}[x^2-x-1-x-(-x-1)^2]dx\\ &= \int_{1}^{0}(2x^2)dx + \int_{0}^{-1}(-4x-2)dx\\ &= \int_{1}^{0}(2x^2)dx + \int_{1}^{0}(4x-2)dx\\ &= (\left. \frac{2x^3}{3}+2x^2-2x) \right|_{1}^{0} \\ &= -\frac{2}{3} \\ \end{aligned}