高数习题9.5

1. 求下列微分方程的通解：
   (1) $y^{\prime \prime }-3y^{\prime }+2y=0$; (2) $4y^{\prime \prime }+5y^{\prime }+y=0$; (3) $y^{\prime \prime }+6y^{\prime }+9y=0$;
   (4) $y^{\prime \prime }+4y^{\prime }+5y=0$; (5) $y^{\prime \prime }-y^{\prime }+2y=0$; (6) $y^{\prime \prime \prime }+2y^{\prime \prime }-y^{\prime }=0$.
   解：
   (1) 特征方程为${\lambda }^2-3\lambda +2=0$，解得${\lambda }_1=1,{\lambda }_2=2$
   所以通解为$y=C_1{e}^x+C_2{e}^{2x}$
   (2) 特征方程为$4{\lambda }^2+5x+1=0$，解得${\lambda }_1=-1,{\lambda }_2=-\frac{1}{4}$
   所以通解为$y=C_1{e}^{-x}+C_2{e}^{-\frac{1}{4}x}$
   (3) 特征方程为${\lambda }^2+6\lambda +9=0$，解得${\lambda }_1={\lambda }_2=-3$
   所以通解为$y=(C_1+C_{2}x)e^{-3x}$
   (4) 特征方程为${\lambda }^2+4\lambda +5=0$，解得${\lambda }_1=-i-2,{\lambda }_2=i-2$
   所以通解为$y=(C_{1}cosx+C_{2}sinx)e^{-2x}$
   (5) 特征方程为${\lambda }^2-\lambda +2=0$，解得${\lambda }_1=\frac{-\sqrt{7}i+1}{2},{\lambda }_2=\frac{\sqrt{7}i+1}{2}$
   所以通解为$y=(C_{1}cos\frac{\sqrt{7}}{2}x+C_{2}sin2$