高数习题7.3（下）

12. ${\iiint }_{\Omega }\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}dV$，$\Omega$由$x^2+y^2+z^2=z$所围.
    解：
    $\begin{array}{rl}{\iiint }_{\Omega }\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}dV& ={\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}d\phi {\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{cos\phi }\rho \cdot {\rho }^{2}sin\phi d\rho \\ & =\frac{\pi }{2}{\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}co{s}^4\phi sin\phi d\phi \\ & =\frac{\pi }{10}\end{array}$
13. ${\iiint }_{\Omega }{z}^{2}dV$，$\Omega :\sqrt{3(x^2+y^2)}\le z\le \sqrt{1-x^2-y^2}.$
    解：
    $\begin{array}{rl}{\iiint }_{\Omega }{z}^{2}dV& ={\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{\frac{1}{2}}rdr{\int }_{\sqrt{3}r}^{\sqrt{1-r^2}}{z}^{2}dz\\ & =\frac{2\pi }{3}{\int }_0^{\frac{1}{2}}r[(1-r^2{)}^{\frac{3}{2}}-(3r^2{)}^{\frac{3}{2}}]dr\\ & =\frac{2\pi }{3}[-\frac{1}{5}(1-r^2{)}^{\frac{5}{2}}-\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{5}{r}^5]{|}_0^{\frac{1}{2}}\\ & =\frac{8-3\sqrt{3}}{60}\pi \end{array}$
14. ${\iiint }_{\Omega }\frac{zdV}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}}$，$\Omega$由$x^2+y^2+z^2=2az$所围$(a>0)$.
    解：
    $\begin{array}{rl}{\iiint }_{\Omega }\frac{zdV}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}}& ={\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}d\phi {\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{2acos\phi }cos\phi \cdot {\rho }^{2}sin\phi d\rho \\ & =\frac{16\pi a^3}{3}{\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{2}}co{s}^4\phi sin\phi d\phi \\ & =\frac{16}{15}\pi a^3\end{array}$
15. ${\iiint }_{\Omega }\frac{2xy+1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}dV$，$\Omega$由$x^2+y^2+z^2=2a^2$与$az=x^2+y^2(a>0)$所围且$z\ge 0$的部分.
    解：
    因为$\Omega$关于$yOz$面对称，所以${\iiint }_{\Omega }\frac{2xy}{x^2+y^2+z^2}dV=0$
    $\begin{array}{rl}{\iiint }_{\Omega }\frac{2xy+1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}dV& ={\iiint }_{\Omega }\frac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}dV\\ & ={\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{a}dr{\int }_{\frac{r^2}{a}}^{\sqrt{2a^2-r^2}}\frac{r}{r^2+z^2}dz\\ & =2\pi {\int }_0^{a}arctan(\frac{\sqrt{2a^2-r^2}}{r})-arctan(\frac{r}{a})dr\\ & =2\pi [rarctan\sqrt{\frac{2a^2}{r^2}-1}-\sqrt{2a^2-r^2}-rarctan(\frac{r}{a})+\frac{a}{2}ln(a^2+r^2)]{|}_0^a\\ & =\pi a(ln2-2+2\sqrt{2})\end{array}$
16. ${\iiint }_{\Omega }\frac{dV}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+(z-2{)}^2}},\Omega :x^2+y^2+z^2\le 1.$
    解：
    $\begin{array}{rl}{\iiint }_{\Omega }\frac{dV}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+(z-2{)}^2}}& ={\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{1}d\rho {\int }_0^{\pi }\frac{{\rho }^{2}sin\phi }{\sqrt{{\rho }^{2}si{n}^2\phi +(\rho cos\phi -2{)}^2}}d\phi \\ & =2\pi {\int }_0^{1}d\rho {\int }_0^{\pi }\frac{{\rho }^{2}sin\phi }{\sqrt{{\rho }^2+4-4\rho cos\phi }}d\phi \\ & =2\pi {\int }_0^{1}d\rho {\int }_0^{\pi }\frac{\rho }{4\sqrt{{\rho }^2+4-4\rho cos\phi }}d(-4\rho cos\phi )\\ & =\pi {\int }_0^1\rho \sqrt{{\rho }^2+4-4\rho cos\phi }{|}_0^{\pi }d\rho \\ & =2\pi {\int }_0^1{\rho }^{2}d\rho \\ & =\frac{2\pi }{3}\end{array}$
17. ${\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^3+siny+z)dV$，$\Omega$由$x^2+y^2+z^2\le 2az,\sqrt{x^2+y^2}\le z(a>0)$所围.
    解：
    因为$\Omega$关于$yOz$面对称，所以${\iiint }_{\Omega }{x}^{3}dV=0$
    因为$\Omega$关于$xOz$面对称，所以${\iiint }_{\Omega }sinydV=0$
    $\begin{array}{rl}{\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^3+siny+z)dV& ={\iiint }_{\Omega }zdV\\ & ={\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{4}}d\phi {\int }_0^{2acos\phi }\rho cos\phi \cdot {\rho }^{2}sin\phi d\rho \\ & =8a^4\pi {\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{4}}co{s}^5\phi sin\phi d\phi \\ & =8a^4\pi [-\frac{co{s}^6\phi }{6}]{|}_0^{\frac{\pi }{4}}\\ & =\frac{7a^4\pi }{6}\end{array}$
18. ${\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^{2}y+3xyz)dV,\Omega :1\le x\le 2,0\le xy\le 2,0\le z\le 1.$
    解：令$u=x,v=xy,w=3z$，则$x=u,y=\frac{v}{u},z=\frac{w}{3}$
    $J=\frac{D(x,y,z)}{D(u,v,w)}=\left|\begin{array}{ccc}1& 0& 0\\ -\frac{v}{u^2}& \frac{1}{u}& 0\\ 0& 0& \frac{1}{3}\end{array}\right|=\frac{1}{3u}$
    $\begin{array}{rl}{\iiint }_{\Omega }(x^{2}y+3xyz)dV& ={\iiint }_{\Omega }(uv+vw)\cdot \frac{1}{3u}dV\\ & ={\int }_1^{2}du{\int }_0^{2}dv{\int }_0^3\frac{uv+vw}{3u}dw\\ & ={\int }_1^{2}du{\int }_0^2\frac{2uv+3v}{2u}dv\\ & ={\int }_1^2(2+\frac{3}{u})du\\ & =2+3ln2\end{array}$
19. ${\iiint }_{\Omega }(x+1)(y+1)dV,\Omega :\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}\le 1.$
    解：
    因为$\Omega$关于$yOz$面对称，所以${\iiint }_{\Omega }xdV=0,{\iiint }_{\Omega }xydV=0$
    因为$\Omega$关于$xOz$面对称，所以${\iiint }_{\Omega }ydV=0,{\iiint }_{\Omega }xydV=0$
    令$x=a\rho sin\phi cos\theta ,y=b\rho sin\phi sin\theta ,z=c\rho cos\phi$，则：
    $J=\frac{D(x,y,z)}{D(\rho ,\phi ,\theta )}=\left|\begin{array}{ccc}asin\phi cos\theta & a\rho cos\phi cos\theta & -a\rho sin\phi sin\theta \\ bsin\phi sin\theta & b\rho cos\phi sin\theta & b\rho sin\phi cos\theta \\ ccos\phi & -c\rho sin\phi & 0\end{array}\right|=abc{\rho }^{2}sin\phi$
    $\begin{array}{rl}{\iiint }_{\Omega }(x+1)(y+1)dV& ={\iiint }_{\Omega }dV\\ & =abc{\int }_0^{\pi }d\phi {\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^1{\rho }^{2}sin\phi d\rho \\ & =\frac{4abc\pi }{3}\end{array}$
20. ${\iiint }_{\Omega }(x+y+z)dV,\Omega :(x-x_0{)}^2+(y-y_0{)}^2+(z-z_0{)}^2\le a^2.$
    解：
    令$x=\rho sin\phi cos\theta +x_0,y=\rho sin\phi sin\theta +y_0,z=\rho cos\phi +z_0$，则：
    $J=\frac{D(x,y,z)}{D(\rho ,\phi ,\theta )}=\left|\begin{array}{ccc}asin\phi cos\theta & a\rho cos\phi cos\theta & -a\rho sin\phi sin\theta \\ bsin\phi sin\theta & b\rho cos\phi sin\theta & b\rho sin\phi cos\theta \\ ccos\phi & -c\rho sin\phi & 0\end{array}\right|={\rho }^{2}sin\phi$
    $\begin{array}{rl}{\iiint }_{\Omega }(x+y+z)dV& ={\int }_0^{\pi }d\phi {\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^a(\rho sin\phi cos\theta +x_0+\rho sin\phi sin\theta +y_0+\rho cos\phi +z_0){\rho }^{2}sin\phi d\rho \\ & ={\int }_0^{\pi }d\phi {\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^a(x_0+y_0+z_0){\rho }^{2}sin\phi d\rho \\ & =\frac{4a^3(x_0+y_0+z_0)\pi }{3}\end{array}$
21. 分别用柱坐标和球坐标，把三重积分$I={\iiint }_{\Omega }f(\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2})dV$表成累次积分，其中$\Omega$为球体$x^2+y^2+z^2\le z$在锥面$z=\sqrt{3x^2+3y^2}$上方的部分.
    解：
    柱坐标：$I={\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}}dr{\int }_{\sqrt{3}r}^{\frac{1}{2}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}-r^2}}f(\sqrt{r^2+z^2})rdz$
    球坐标：$I={\int }_0^{2\pi }d\theta {\int }_0^{\frac{\pi }{6}}d\phi {\int }_0^{cos\phi }f(\rho ){\rho }^{2}sin\phi d\rho$
22. 化累次积分$I={\int }_0^{a}dx{\int }_0^{x}dy{\int }_0^{y}f(z)dz$为定积分.
    解：$\Omega$为平面$y=x,z=y,x=a,x=a$所围成的部分。
    $\begin{array}{rl}I& ={\int }_0^{a}dx{\int }_0^{x}dy{\int }_0^{y}f(z)dz\\ & ={\int }_0^{a}dz{\int }_z^{a}dx{\int }_z^{x}f(z)dy\\ & =\frac{1}{2}{\int }_0^{a}f(z)(a-z{)}^{2}dz\end{array}$