-
∭
Ω
x
2
+
y
2
+
z
2
d
V
\iiint_{\Omega}\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}dV
∭Ωx2+y2+z2dV,
Ω
\Omega
Ω由
x
2
+
y
2
+
z
2
=
z
x^2+y^2+z^2=z
x2+y2+z2=z所围.
解:
∭ Ω x 2 + y 2 + z 2 d V = ∫ 0 π 2 d φ ∫ 0 2 π d θ ∫ 0 c o s φ ρ ⋅ ρ 2 s i n φ d ρ = π 2 ∫ 0 π 2 c o s 4 φ s i n φ d φ = π 10 \begin{aligned} \iiint_{\Omega}\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}dV &= \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}d\varphi\int_0^{2\pi}d\theta\int_0^{cos\varphi}\rho\cdot\rho^2sin\varphi d\rho\\ &= \frac{\pi}{2}\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}cos^4\varphi sin\varphi d\varphi \\ &= \frac{\pi}{10} \end{aligned} ∭Ωx2+y2+z2dV=∫02πdφ∫02πdθ∫0cosφρ⋅ρ2sinφdρ=2π∫02πcos4φsinφdφ=10π -
∭
Ω
z
2
d
V
\iiint_{\Omega}z^2dV
∭Ωz2dV,
Ω
:
3
(
x
2
+
y
2
)
≤
z
≤
1
−
x
2
−
y
2
.
\Omega:\sqrt{3(x^2+y^2)}\leq z\leq\sqrt{1-x^2-y^2}.
Ω:3(x2+y2)≤z≤1−x2−y2.
解:
∭ Ω z 2 d V = ∫ 0 2 π d θ ∫ 0 1 2 r d r ∫ 3 r 1 − r 2 z 2 d z = 2 π 3 ∫ 0 1 2 r [ ( 1 − r 2 ) 3 2 − ( 3 r 2 ) 3 2 ] d r = 2 π 3 [ − 1 5 ( 1 − r 2 ) 5 2 − 3 3 5 r 5 ] ∣ 0 1 2 = 8 − 3 3 60 π \begin{aligned} \iiint_{\Omega}z^2dV &= \int_0^{2\pi}d\theta\int_0^{\frac{1}{2}}rdr\int_{\sqrt{3}r}^{\sqrt{1-r^2}}z^2dz\\ &= \frac{2\pi}{3}\int_0^{\frac{1}{2}}r[(1-r^2)^{\frac{3}{2}}-(3r^2)^{\frac{3}{2}}]dr\\ &= \frac{2\pi}{3}[-\frac{1}{5}(1-r^2)^{\frac{5}{2}}-\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{5}r^5]|_0^{\frac{1}{2}}\\ &= \frac{8-3\sqrt{3}}{60}\pi \end{aligned} ∭Ωz2dV=∫02πdθ∫021rdr∫3r1−r2z2dz=32π∫021r[(1−r2)23−(3r2)23]dr=32π[−51(1−r2)25−533r5]∣021=608−33π -
∭
Ω
z
d
V
x
2
+
y
2
+
z
2
\iiint_{\Omega}\frac{zdV}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}}
∭Ωx2+y2+z2zdV,
Ω
\Omega
Ω由
x
2
+
y
2
+
z
2
=
2
a
z
x^2+y^2+z^2=2az
x2+y2+z2=2az所围
(
a
>
0
)
(a>0)
(a>0).
解:
∭ Ω z d V x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = ∫ 0 π 2 d φ ∫ 0 2 π d θ ∫ 0 2 a c o s φ c o s φ ⋅ ρ 2 s i n φ d ρ = 16 π a 3 3 ∫ 0 π 2 c o s 4 φ s i n φ d φ = 16 15 π a 3 \begin{aligned} \iiint_{\Omega}\frac{zdV}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}} &= \int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}d\varphi\int_0^{2\pi}d\theta\int_0^{2acos\varphi}cos\varphi\cdot\rho^2sin\varphi d\rho\\ &= \frac{16\pi a^3}{3}\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{2}}cos^4\varphi sin\varphi d\varphi \\ &= \frac{16}{15}\pi a^3 \end{aligned} ∭Ωx2+y2+z2zdV=∫02πdφ∫02πdθ∫02acosφcosφ⋅ρ2sinφdρ=316πa3∫02πcos4φsinφdφ=1516πa3 -
∭
Ω
2
x
y
+
1
x
2
+
y
2
+
z
2
d
V
\iiint_{\Omega}\frac{2xy+1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}dV
∭Ωx2+y2+z22xy+1dV,
Ω
\Omega
Ω由
x
2
+
y
2
+
z
2
=
2
a
2
x^2+y^2+z^2=2a^2
x2+y2+z2=2a2与
a
z
=
x
2
+
y
2
(
a
>
0
)
az=x^2+y^2(a>0)
az=x2+y2(a>0)所围且
z
≥
0
z\geq0
z≥0的部分.
解:
因为 Ω \Omega Ω关于 y O z yOz yOz面对称,所以 ∭ Ω 2 x y x 2 + y 2 + z 2 d V = 0 \iiint_{\Omega}\frac{2xy}{x^2+y^2+z^2}dV=0 ∭Ωx2+y2+z22xydV=0
∭ Ω 2 x y + 1 x 2 + y 2 + z 2 d V = ∭ Ω 1 x 2 + y 2 + z 2 d V = ∫ 0 2 π d θ ∫ 0 a d r ∫ r 2 a 2 a 2 − r 2 r r 2 + z 2 d z = 2 π ∫ 0 a a r c t a n ( 2 a 2 − r 2 r ) − a r c t a n ( r a ) d r = 2 π [ r a r c t a n 2 a 2 r 2 − 1 − 2 a 2 − r 2 − r a r c t a n ( r a ) + a 2 l n ( a 2 + r 2 ) ] ∣ 0 a = π a ( l n 2 − 2 + 2 2 ) \begin{aligned} \iiint_{\Omega}\frac{2xy+1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}dV &= \iiint_{\Omega}\frac{1}{x^2+y^2+z^2}dV\\ &= \int_0^{2\pi}d\theta\int_0^adr\int_{\frac{r^2}{a}}^{\sqrt{2a^2-r^2}}\frac{r}{r^2+z^2}dz \\ &= 2\pi\int_0^aarctan(\frac{\sqrt{2a^2-r^2}}{r})-arctan(\frac{r}{a})dr \\ &= 2\pi[rarctan\sqrt{\frac{2a^2}{r^2}-1}-\sqrt{2a^2-r^2}-rarctan(\frac{r}{a})+\frac{a}{2}ln(a^2+r^2)]|_0^a\\ &= \pi a(ln2-2+2\sqrt{2}) \end{aligned} ∭Ωx2+y2+z22xy+1dV=∭Ωx2+y2+z21dV=∫02πdθ∫0adr∫ar22a2−r2r2+z2rdz=2π∫0aarctan(r2a2−r2)−arctan(ar)dr=2π[rarctanr22a2−1−2a2−r2−rarctan(ar)+2aln(a2+r2)]∣0a=πa(ln2−2+22) -
∭
Ω
d
V
x
2
+
y
2
+
(
z
−
2
)
2
,
Ω
:
x
2
+
y
2
+
z
2
≤
1.
\iiint_{\Omega}\frac{dV}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+(z-2)^2}},\Omega:x^2+y^2+z^2\leq1.
∭Ωx2+y2+(z−2)2dV,Ω:x2+y2+z2≤1.
解:
∭ Ω d V x 2 + y 2 + ( z − 2 ) 2 = ∫ 0 2 π d θ ∫ 0 1 d ρ ∫ 0 π ρ 2 s i n φ ρ 2 s i n 2 φ + ( ρ c o s φ − 2 ) 2 d φ = 2 π ∫ 0 1 d ρ ∫ 0 π ρ 2 s i n φ ρ 2 + 4 − 4 ρ c o s φ d φ = 2 π ∫ 0 1 d ρ ∫ 0 π ρ 4 ρ 2 + 4 − 4 ρ c o s φ d ( − 4 ρ c o s φ ) = π ∫ 0 1 ρ ρ 2 + 4 − 4 ρ c o s φ ∣ 0 π d ρ = 2 π ∫ 0 1 ρ 2 d ρ = 2 π 3 \begin{aligned} \iiint_{\Omega}\frac{dV}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+(z-2)^2}} &= \int_0^{2\pi}d\theta\int_0^1d\rho\int_0^{\pi}\frac{\rho^2sin\varphi}{\sqrt{\rho^2sin^2\varphi+(\rho cos\varphi-2)^2}}d\varphi\\ &=2\pi\int_0^1d\rho\int_0^{\pi}\frac{\rho^2sin\varphi}{\sqrt{\rho^2+4-4\rho cos\varphi}}d\varphi\\ &=2\pi\int_0^1d\rho\int_0^{\pi}\frac{\rho}{4\sqrt{\rho^2+4-4\rho cos\varphi}}d(-4\rho cos\varphi)\\ &=\pi\int_0^1\rho\sqrt{\rho^2+4-4\rho cos\varphi}|_0^{\pi}d\rho\\ &=2\pi\int_0^1\rho^2d\rho\\ &=\frac{2\pi}{3} \end{aligned} ∭Ωx2+y2+(z−2)2dV=∫02πdθ∫01dρ∫0πρ2sin2φ+(ρcosφ−2)2ρ2sinφdφ=2π∫01dρ∫0πρ2+4−4ρcosφρ2sinφdφ=2π∫01dρ∫0π4ρ2+4−4ρcosφρd(−4ρcosφ)=π∫01ρρ2+4−4ρcosφ∣0πdρ=2π∫01ρ2dρ=32π -
∭
Ω
(
x
3
+
s
i
n
y
+
z
)
d
V
\iiint_{\Omega}(x^3+siny+z)dV
∭Ω(x3+siny+z)dV,
Ω
\Omega
Ω由
x
2
+
y
2
+
z
2
≤
2
a
z
,
x
2
+
y
2
≤
z
(
a
>
0
)
x^2+y^2+z^2\leq2az,\sqrt{x^2+y^2}\leq z(a>0)
x2+y2+z2≤2az,x2+y2≤z(a>0)所围.
解:
因为 Ω \Omega Ω关于 y O z yOz yOz面对称,所以 ∭ Ω x 3 d V = 0 \iiint_{\Omega}x^3dV=0 ∭Ωx3dV=0
因为 Ω \Omega Ω关于 x O z xOz xOz面对称,所以 ∭ Ω s i n y d V = 0 \iiint_{\Omega}sinydV=0 ∭ΩsinydV=0
∭ Ω ( x 3 + s i n y + z ) d V = ∭ Ω z d V = ∫ 0 2 π d θ ∫ 0 π 4 d φ ∫ 0 2 a c o s φ ρ c o s φ ⋅ ρ 2 s i n φ d ρ = 8 a 4 π ∫ 0 π 4 c o s 5 φ s i n φ d φ = 8 a 4 π [ − c o s 6 φ 6 ] ∣ 0 π 4 = 7 a 4 π 6 \begin{aligned} \iiint_{\Omega}(x^3+siny+z)dV &= \iiint_{\Omega}zdV\\ &= \int_0^{2\pi}d\theta\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}}d\varphi\int_0^{2acos\varphi}\rho cos\varphi\cdot\rho^2sin\varphi d\rho \\ &= 8a^4\pi\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}}cos^5\varphi sin\varphi d\varphi \\ &= 8a^4\pi[-\frac{cos^6\varphi}{6}]|_0^{\frac{\pi}{4}}\\ &= \frac{7a^4\pi}{6} \end{aligned} ∭Ω(x3+siny+z)dV=∭ΩzdV=∫02πdθ∫04πdφ∫02acosφρcosφ⋅ρ2sinφdρ=8a4π∫04πcos5φsinφdφ=8a4π[−6cos6φ]∣04π=67a4π -
∭
Ω
(
x
2
y
+
3
x
y
z
)
d
V
,
Ω
:
1
≤
x
≤
2
,
0
≤
x
y
≤
2
,
0
≤
z
≤
1.
\iiint_{\Omega}(x^2y+3xyz)dV,\Omega:1\leq x\leq2,0\leq xy\leq2,0\leq z\leq1.
∭Ω(x2y+3xyz)dV,Ω:1≤x≤2,0≤xy≤2,0≤z≤1.
解:令 u = x , v = x y , w = 3 z u=x,v=xy,w=3z u=x,v=xy,w=3z,则 x = u , y = v u , z = w 3 x=u,y=\frac{v}{u},z=\frac{w}{3} x=u,y=uv,z=3w
J = D ( x , y , z ) D ( u , v , w ) = ∣ 1 0 0 − v u 2 1 u 0 0 0 1 3 ∣ = 1 3 u J=\frac{D(x,y,z)}{D(u,v,w)}=\begin{vmatrix}1 & 0 & 0\\ -\frac{v}{u^2} & \frac{1}{u} & 0\\0 & 0 & \frac{1}{3}\\ \end{vmatrix}=\frac{1}{3u} J=D(u,v,w)D(x,y,z)=∣∣∣∣∣∣1−u2v00u100031∣∣∣∣∣∣=3u1
∭ Ω ( x 2 y + 3 x y z ) d V = ∭ Ω ( u v + v w ) ⋅ 1 3 u d V = ∫ 1 2 d u ∫ 0 2 d v ∫ 0 3 u v + v w 3 u d w = ∫ 1 2 d u ∫ 0 2 2 u v + 3 v 2 u d v = ∫ 1 2 ( 2 + 3 u ) d u = 2 + 3 l n 2 \begin{aligned} \iiint_{\Omega}(x^2y+3xyz)dV &= \iiint_{\Omega}(uv+vw)\cdot\frac{1}{3u}dV\\ &= \int_1^2du\int_0^2dv\int_0^3\frac{uv+vw}{3u}dw\\ &= \int_1^2du\int_0^2\frac{2uv+3v}{2u}dv\\ &= \int_1^2(2+\frac{3}{u})du\\ &= 2+3ln2 \end{aligned} ∭Ω(x2y+3xyz)dV=∭Ω(uv+vw)⋅3u1dV=∫12du∫02dv∫033uuv+vwdw=∫12du∫022u2uv+3vdv=∫12(2+u3)du=2+3ln2 -
∭
Ω
(
x
+
1
)
(
y
+
1
)
d
V
,
Ω
:
x
2
a
2
+
y
2
b
2
+
z
2
c
2
≤
1.
\iiint_{\Omega}(x+1)(y+1)dV,\Omega:\frac{x^2}{a^2}+\frac{y^2}{b^2}+\frac{z^2}{c^2}\leq1.
∭Ω(x+1)(y+1)dV,Ω:a2x2+b2y2+c2z2≤1.
解:
因为 Ω \Omega Ω关于 y O z yOz yOz面对称,所以 ∭ Ω x d V = 0 , ∭ Ω x y d V = 0 \iiint_{\Omega}xdV=0,\iiint_{\Omega}xydV=0 ∭ΩxdV=0,∭ΩxydV=0
因为 Ω \Omega Ω关于 x O z xOz xOz面对称,所以 ∭ Ω y d V = 0 , ∭ Ω x y d V = 0 \iiint_{\Omega}ydV=0,\iiint_{\Omega}xydV=0 ∭ΩydV=0,∭ΩxydV=0
令 x = a ρ s i n φ c o s θ , y = b ρ s i n φ s i n θ , z = c ρ c o s φ x=a\rho sin\varphi cos\theta,y=b\rho sin\varphi sin\theta,z=c\rho cos\varphi x=aρsinφcosθ,y=bρsinφsinθ,z=cρcosφ,则:
J = D ( x , y , z ) D ( ρ , φ , θ ) = ∣ a s i n φ c o s θ a ρ c o s φ c o s θ − a ρ s i n φ s i n θ b s i n φ s i n θ b ρ c o s φ s i n θ b ρ s i n φ c o s θ c c o s φ − c ρ s i n φ 0 ∣ = a b c ρ 2 s i n φ J=\frac{D(x,y,z)}{D(\rho,\varphi,\theta)}=\begin{vmatrix}asin\varphi cos\theta & a\rho cos\varphi cos\theta & -a\rho sin\varphi sin\theta\\ bsin\varphi sin\theta & b\rho cos\varphi sin\theta & b\rho sin\varphi cos\theta\\ccos\varphi & -c\rho sin\varphi & 0\\ \end{vmatrix}=abc\rho^2sin\varphi J=D(ρ,φ,θ)D(x,y,z)=∣∣∣∣∣∣asinφcosθbsinφsinθccosφaρcosφcosθbρcosφsinθ−cρsinφ−aρsinφsinθbρsinφcosθ0∣∣∣∣∣∣=abcρ2sinφ
∭ Ω ( x + 1 ) ( y + 1 ) d V = ∭ Ω d V = a b c ∫ 0 π d φ ∫ 0 2 π d θ ∫ 0 1 ρ 2 s i n φ d ρ = 4 a b c π 3 \begin{aligned} \iiint_{\Omega}(x+1)(y+1)dV &= \iiint_{\Omega}dV\\ &= abc\int_0^{\pi}d\varphi\int_0^{2\pi}d\theta\int_0^1\rho^2sin\varphi d\rho\\ &= \frac{4abc\pi}{3} \end{aligned} ∭Ω(x+1)(y+1)dV=∭ΩdV=abc∫0πdφ∫02πdθ∫01ρ2sinφdρ=34abcπ -
∭
Ω
(
x
+
y
+
z
)
d
V
,
Ω
:
(
x
−
x
0
)
2
+
(
y
−
y
0
)
2
+
(
z
−
z
0
)
2
≤
a
2
.
\iiint_{\Omega}(x+y+z)dV,\Omega:(x-x_0)^2+(y-y_0)^2+(z-z_0)^2\leq a^2.
∭Ω(x+y+z)dV,Ω:(x−x0)2+(y−y0)2+(z−z0)2≤a2.
解:
令 x = ρ s i n φ c o s θ + x 0 , y = ρ s i n φ s i n θ + y 0 , z = ρ c o s φ + z 0 x=\rho sin\varphi cos\theta+x_0,y=\rho sin\varphi sin\theta+y_0,z=\rho cos\varphi+z_0 x=ρsinφcosθ+x0,y=ρsinφsinθ+y0,z=ρcosφ+z0,则:
J = D ( x , y , z ) D ( ρ , φ , θ ) = ∣ a s i n φ c o s θ a ρ c o s φ c o s θ − a ρ s i n φ s i n θ b s i n φ s i n θ b ρ c o s φ s i n θ b ρ s i n φ c o s θ c c o s φ − c ρ s i n φ 0 ∣ = ρ 2 s i n φ J=\frac{D(x,y,z)}{D(\rho,\varphi,\theta)}=\begin{vmatrix}asin\varphi cos\theta & a\rho cos\varphi cos\theta & -a\rho sin\varphi sin\theta\\ bsin\varphi sin\theta & b\rho cos\varphi sin\theta & b\rho sin\varphi cos\theta\\ccos\varphi & -c\rho sin\varphi & 0\\ \end{vmatrix}=\rho^2sin\varphi J=D(ρ,φ,θ)D(x,y,z)=∣∣∣∣∣∣asinφcosθbsinφsinθccosφaρcosφcosθbρcosφsinθ−cρsinφ−aρsinφsinθbρsinφcosθ0∣∣∣∣∣∣=ρ2sinφ
∭ Ω ( x + y + z ) d V = ∫ 0 π d φ ∫ 0 2 π d θ ∫ 0 a ( ρ s i n φ c o s θ + x 0 + ρ s i n φ s i n θ + y 0 + ρ c o s φ + z 0 ) ρ 2 s i n φ d ρ = ∫ 0 π d φ ∫ 0 2 π d θ ∫ 0 a ( x 0 + y 0 + z 0 ) ρ 2 s i n φ d ρ = 4 a 3 ( x 0 + y 0 + z 0 ) π 3 \begin{aligned} \iiint_{\Omega}(x+y+z)dV &= \int_0^{\pi}d\varphi\int_0^{2\pi}d\theta\int_0^a(\rho sin\varphi cos\theta+x_0+\rho sin\varphi sin\theta+y_0+\rho cos\varphi+z_0)\rho^2sin\varphi d\rho\\ &= \int_0^{\pi}d\varphi\int_0^{2\pi}d\theta\int_0^a(x_0+y_0+z_0)\rho^2sin\varphi d\rho\\ &= \frac{4a^3(x_0+y_0+z_0)\pi}{3} \end{aligned} ∭Ω(x+y+z)dV=∫0πdφ∫02πdθ∫0a(ρsinφcosθ+x0+ρsinφsinθ+y0+ρcosφ+z0)ρ2sinφdρ=∫0πdφ∫02πdθ∫0a(x0+y0+z0)ρ2sinφdρ=34a3(x0+y0+z0)π - 分别用柱坐标和球坐标,把三重积分
I
=
∭
Ω
f
(
x
2
+
y
2
+
z
2
)
d
V
I=\iiint_{\Omega}f(\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2})dV
I=∭Ωf(x2+y2+z2)dV表成累次积分,其中
Ω
\Omega
Ω为球体
x
2
+
y
2
+
z
2
≤
z
x^2+y^2+z^2\leq z
x2+y2+z2≤z在锥面
z
=
3
x
2
+
3
y
2
z=\sqrt{3x^2+3y^2}
z=3x2+3y2上方的部分.
解:
柱坐标: I = ∫ 0 2 π d θ ∫ 0 3 4 d r ∫ 3 r 1 2 + 1 4 − r 2 f ( r 2 + z 2 ) r d z I=\int_0^{2\pi}d\theta\int_0^{\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4}}dr\int_{\sqrt{3}r}^{\frac{1}{2}+\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}-r^2}}f(\sqrt{r^2+z^2})rdz I=∫02πdθ∫043dr∫3r21+41−r2f(r2+z2)rdz
球坐标: I = ∫ 0 2 π d θ ∫ 0 π 6 d φ ∫ 0 c o s φ f ( ρ ) ρ 2 s i n φ d ρ I=\int_0^{2\pi}d\theta\int_0^{\frac{\pi}{6}}d\varphi\int_0^{cos\varphi}f(\rho)\rho^2sin\varphi d\rho I=∫02πdθ∫06πdφ∫0cosφf(ρ)ρ2sinφdρ - 化累次积分
I
=
∫
0
a
d
x
∫
0
x
d
y
∫
0
y
f
(
z
)
d
z
I=\int_0^adx\int_0^xdy\int_0^yf(z)dz
I=∫0adx∫0xdy∫0yf(z)dz为定积分.
解: Ω \Omega Ω为平面 y = x , z = y , x = a , x = a y=x,z=y,x=a,x=a y=x,z=y,x=a,x=a所围成的部分。
I = ∫ 0 a d x ∫ 0 x d y ∫ 0 y f ( z ) d z = ∫ 0 a d z ∫ z a d x ∫ z x f ( z ) d y = 1 2 ∫ 0 a f ( z ) ( a − z ) 2 d z \begin{aligned} I &= \int_0^adx\int_0^xdy\int_0^yf(z)dz\\ &= \int_0^adz\int_z^adx\int_z^xf(z)dy\\ &= \frac{1}{2}\int_0^af(z)(a-z)^2dz \end{aligned} I=∫0adx∫0xdy∫0yf(z)dz=∫0adz∫zadx∫zxf(z)dy=21∫0af(z)(a−z)2dz
10-19
530
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/blogv2/dist/pc/img/readCountWhite.png)
10-15
313
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/blogv2/dist/pc/img/readCountWhite.png)
05-10
10-11
309
![](https://csdnimg.cn/release/blogv2/dist/pc/img/readCountWhite.png)