BGP基础建邻和宣告实验

一、实验拓扑

 二、实验要求

        除R5的5.5.5.0环回外，其他所有的环回均可互相访问

三、实验步骤

1.配置ip

[r1]int g0/0/0
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.1 24
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.1.1 24
[r1-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int loo0
[r1-LoopBack0]ip add 1.1.1.1 32

[r2]int g0/0/0
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 12.1.1.2 24
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.2.1 24
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 23.1.1.1 24
[r2-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int loo0
[r2-LoopBack0]ip add 2.2.2.2 32

[r3]int g0/0/0
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 23.1.1.2 24
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.3.1 24
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 34.1.1.1 24
[r3-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int loo0
[r3-LoopBack0]ip add 3.3.3.3 32

[r4]int g0/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 34.1.1.2 24
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.4.1 24
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 45.1.1.1 24
[r4-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int g4/0/0
[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]ip add 54.1.1.1 24 
[r4-GigabitEthernet4/0/0]int loo0
[r4-LoopBack0]ip add 4.4.4.4 32

[r5]int g0/0/0
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 45.1.1.2 24
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.5.1 24
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]int g0/0/2
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 54.1.1.2 24
[r5-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]int loo0
[r5-LoopBack0]ip add 5.5.5.5 32

 PC2、PC3、PC4、PC5配置略

2.AS内部通信

[r2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2
[r2-ospf-1]area 0
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 2.2.2.0 0.0.0.255
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 23.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[r2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255

[r3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3
[r3-ospf-1]area 0
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 3.3.3.0 0.0.0.255
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 23.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[r3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255

[r4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4
[r4-ospf-1]area 0
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 4.4.4.0 0.0.0.255
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 34.1.1.0 0.0.0.255
[r4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.4.0 0.0.0.255

3.建邻

R1与R2建邻

[r1]bgp 1
[r1-bgp]router-id 1.1.1.1
[r1-bgp]peer 12.1.1.2 as-number 2

[r2]bgp 2
[r2-bgp]router-id 2.2.2.2	
[r2-bgp]peer 12.1.1.1 as-number 1

查看R1的bgp邻居表

 R2与R3建邻

[r2]bgp 2
[r2-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 as-number 2  
[r2-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 connect-interface LoopBack 0  

[r3]bgp 2
[r3-bgp]router-id 3.3.3.3 
[r3-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 as-number 2
[r3-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 connect-interface LoopBack 0

 R3与R4建邻

[r3]bgp 2
[r3-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 as-number 2
[r3-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 connect-interface LoopBack 0

[r4]bgp 2
[r4-bgp]router-id 4.4.4.4
[r4-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 as-number 2	
[r4-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 connect-interface LoopBack 0

查看r3的BGP邻居表

 r4与r5建立邻居（手写静态路由）

[r4]ip route-static 5.5.5.0 24 45.1.1.2
[r4]ip route-static 5.5.5.0 24 54.1.1.2

[r5]ip route-static 4.4.4.0 24 45.1.1.1
[r5]ip route-static 4.4.4.0 24 54.1.1.1

[r4]bgp 2
[r4-bgp]peer 5.5.5.5 as-number 3	
[r4-bgp]peer 5.5.5.5 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r4-bgp]peer 5.5.5.5 ebgp-max-hop 2  # 修改邻居间TTL值为 2

[r5]bgp 3
[r5-bgp]router-id 5.5.5.5
[r5-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 as-number 2
[r5-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 connect-interface LoopBack 0
[r5-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 ebgp-max-hop 2

查看r5的邻居表

 4.BGP路由宣告

        BGP路由宣告用于让AS区域间路由互相学习。在实际场景中，AS之间是宣告骨干路由的，所以只需要传宣告用户所在网段即可。

• AS1

[r1]bgp 1
[r1-bgp]network 192.168.1.0 24

• AS2

[r2]bgp 2
[r2-bgp]network 192.168.2.0 24

[r3]bgp 2
[r3-bgp]network 192.168.3.0 24

[r4]bgp 2
[r4-bgp]network 192.168.4.0 24

• AS3

[r5]bgp 3
[r5-bgp]network 192.168.5.0 24

5.选路问题

        因为IBGP的水平分割 — 通过IBGP邻居学到的路由不会发送给自己的IBGP邻居对等体导致宣告完路由后查看路由表会发现，AR4中学习不到AR2的路由。所以需要AR2给AR4单独建立一条IBGP邻居。

[r2]bgp 2
[r2-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 as-number 2
[r2-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 connect-interface LoopBack 0

[r4]bgp 2
[r4-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 as-number 2
[r4-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 connect-interface  LoopBack 0

修改r2和r4的下一跳为本地地址 

[r2]bgp 2
[r2-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 next-hop-local 
[r2-bgp]peer 4.4.4.4 next-hop-local

[r4]bgp 2
[r4-bgp]peer 2.2.2.2 next-hop-local 
[r4-bgp]peer 3.3.3.3 next-hop-local

查看r3的BGP路由表

 6.测试