在本篇博文中，我们将讲解在金链盟下，编写一个最简单的用户间转账的智能合约，并通过Java应用程序调用这个智能合约，为我们实现复杂的区块链供应链金融应用打下基础。
我们在这里利用Fisco Bcos提供的CRUD接口，来开发智能合约，供Web服务器来调用，从而实现各种复杂的业务逻辑。之所以选择CRUD接口，是因为该接口屏蔽了区块链的细节，使我们像做普通数据库应用开发一样来做智能合约开发。
我们首先创建资产管理表（t_cbdc）：
| 字段名 | 中文名称 | 类型 | 备注 |
|---|---|---|---|
| account | 账户名称 | string | 主键 |
| cbdc_value | 余额 | uint256 | 以分乘10000为单位 |
在FISCO BCOS中，智能合约通常使用solidity语言来编写，下面我们来实现上述业务逻辑。
我们要实现如下接口：
// 查询资产金额
function select(string account) public constant returns(int256, uint256)
// 资产注册
function register(string account, uint256 amount) public returns(int256)
// 资产转移
function transfer(string from_asset_account, string to_asset_account, uint256 amount) public returns(int256)
接下来我们实现cbdc.sol智能合约，这个智能合约与官网教程中的几乎一模一样，但是修改了名字：
pragma solidity ^0.4.24;
import "./Table.sol";
contract Cbdc {
// event
event RegisterEvent(int256 ret, string account, uint256 cbdc_value);
event TransferEvent(int256 ret, string from_account, string to_account, uint256 amount);
constructor() public {
// 构造函数中创建t_cbdc表
createTable();
}
function createTable() private {
TableFactory tf = TableFactory(0x1001);
// 资产管理表, key : account, field : cbdc_value
// | 资产账户(主键) | 资产金额 |
// |-------------------- |-------------------|
// | account | cbdc_value |
// |---------------------|-------------------|
//
// 创建表
tf.createTable("t_cbdc", "account", "cbdc_value");
}
function openTable() private returns(Table) {
TableFactory tf = TableFactory(0x1001);
Table table = tf.openTable("t_cbdc");
return table;
}
/*
描述 : 根据资产账户查询资产金额
参数 ：
account : 资产账户
返回值：
参数一： 成功返回0, 账户不存在返回-1
参数二： 第一个参数为0时有效，资产金额
*/
function select(string account) public constant returns(int256, uint256) {
// 打开表
Table table = openTable();
// 查询
Entries entries = table.select(account, table.newCondition());
uint256 cbdc_value = 0;
if (0 == uint256(entries.size())) {
return (-1, cbdc_value);
} else {
Entry entry = entries.get(0);
return (0, uint256(entry.getInt("cbdc_value")));
}
}
/*
描述 : 资产注册
参数 ：
account : 资产账户
amount : 资产金额
返回值：
0 资产注册成功
-1 资产账户已存在
-2 其他错误
*/
function register(string account, uint256 cbdc_value) public returns(int256){
int256 ret_code = 0;
int256 ret= 0;
uint256 temp_cbdc_value = 0;
// 查询账户是否存在
(ret, temp_cbdc_value) = select(account);
if(ret != 0) {
Table table = openTable();
Entry entry = table.newEntry();
entry.set("account", account);
entry.set("cbdc_value", int256(cbdc_value));
// 插入
int count = table.insert(account, entry);
if (count == 1) {
// 成功
ret_code = 0;
} else {
// 失败? 无权限或者其他错误
ret_code = -2;
}
} else {
// 账户已存在
ret_code = -1;
}
emit RegisterEvent(ret_code, account, cbdc_value);
return ret_code;
}
/*
描述 : 资产转移
参数 ：
from_account : 转移资产账户
to_account ： 接收资产账户
amount ： 转移金额
返回值：
0 资产转移成功
-1 转移资产账户不存在
-2 接收资产账户不存在
-3 金额不足
-4 金额溢出
-5 其他错误
*/
function transfer(string from_account, string to_account, uint256 amount) public returns(int256) {
// 查询转移资产账户信息
int ret_code = 0;
int256 ret = 0;
uint256 from_cbdc_value = 0;
uint256 to_cbdc_value = 0;
// 转移账户是否存在?
(ret, from_cbdc_value) = select(from_account);
if(ret != 0) {
ret_code = -1;
// 转移账户不存在
emit TransferEvent(ret_code, from_account, to_account, amount);
return ret_code;
}
// 接受账户是否存在?
(ret, to_cbdc_value) = select(to_account);
if(ret != 0) {
ret_code = -2;
// 接收资产的账户不存在
emit TransferEvent(ret_code, from_account, to_account, amount);
return ret_code;
}
if(from_cbdc_value < amount) {
ret_code = -3;
// 转移资产的账户金额不足
emit TransferEvent(ret_code, from_account, to_account, amount);
return ret_code;
}
if (to_cbdc_value + amount < to_cbdc_value) {
ret_code = -4;
// 接收账户金额溢出
emit TransferEvent(ret_code, from_account, to_account, amount);
return ret_code;
}
Table table = openTable();
Entry entry0 = table.newEntry();
entry0.set("account", from_account);
entry0.set("cbdc_value", int256(from_cbdc_value - amount));
// 更新转账账户
int count = table.update(from_account, entry0, table.newCondition());
if(count != 1) {
ret_code = -5;
// 失败? 无权限或者其他错误?
emit TransferEvent(ret_code, from_account, to_account, amount);
return ret_code;
}
Entry entry1 = table.newEntry();
entry1.set("account", to_account);
entry1.set("cbdc_value", int256(to_cbdc_value + amount));
// 更新接收账户
table.update(to_account, entry1, table.newCondition());
emit TransferEvent(ret_code, from_account, to_account, amount);
return ret_code;
}
}
将Cbdc.sol放到fbc/console/contracts/solidity目录下，在fbc/console目录下，运行如下命令进行编译：
./sol2java com.arxandt.scf.fbc.sol.contract
如果编写的文件没有语法错误的话，编译好的文件将放在console/contracts/sdk目录下。
下载官网中的java工程asset-app.tar.gz，我们设scf/fbc为根目录，在该目录下解压asset-app.tar.gz。
将生成的java文件拷贝到对应的目录下：
cp console/contracts/sdk/java/com/arxandt/scf/fbc/sol/contract/Cbdc.java asset-app/src/main/java/com/arxandt/scf/fbc/sol/contract/.
将合约源码拷贝到/src/main/resources/contract目录下
cp console/contracts/solidity/*.sol asset-app/src/main/resources/contract/.
进入asset-app目录下，拷贝证书文件：
cp ../nodes/0.0.0.0/sdk/* src/main/resources/.
这是一个gradle的java工程，我们首先编译该工程，看看有没有问题：
./gradlew build
编译之后，会在dist/apps目录下生成asset-app.jar文件。确保节点处于启动状态，进入到dist目录，运行该程序：
bash asset_run.sh deploy
运行结果为：
创建两个测试账户：
bash asset_run.sh register alice007 100
bash asset_run.sh register bob007 200
账户间转账：
bash asset_run.sh transfer bob007 alice007 80
查询账户余额：
bash asset_run.sh query alice007
如果大家可以成功复制上述结果，我们就可以开始下一步开发工作了。官方给的示例是一个独立的程序，而我们实际的应用场景中，我们通常需要在Web服务器中调用智能合约，来完成相应的业务逻辑。因此我们下一步的任务就是将这个工程改造为SpringBoot工程，将deploy、register、transfer操作变为相应的RESTful请求。
为了使用智能合约，我们需要定义一个可以调用Cbdc智能合约的工具类，如下所示：
package com.arxandt.scf.fbc.sol.client;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.math.BigInteger;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Properties;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.fisco.bcos.channel.client.Service;
import org.fisco.bcos.web3j.crypto.Credentials;
import org.fisco.bcos.web3j.crypto.Keys;
import org.fisco.bcos.web3j.protocol.Web3j;
import org.fisco.bcos.web3j.protocol.channel.ChannelEthereumService;
import org.fisco.bcos.web3j.protocol.core.methods.response.TransactionReceipt;
import org.fisco.bcos.web3j.tuples.generated.Tuple2;
import org.fisco.bcos.web3j.tx.gas.StaticGasProvider;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.core.io.ClassPathResource;
import org.springframework.core.io.Resource;
import com.arxandt.scf.fbc.sol.contract.Cbdc;
import com.arxandt.scf.fbc.sol.contract.Cbdc.RegisterEventEventResponse;
import com.arxandt.scf.fbc.sol.contract.Cbdc.TransferEventEventResponse;
public class CbdcClient {
static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CbdcClient.class);
private Web3j web3j;
private Credentials credentials;
public Web3j getWeb3j() {
return web3j;
}
public void setWeb3j(Web3j web3j) {
this.web3j = web3j;
}
public Credentials getCredentials() {
return credentials;
}
public void setCredentials(Credentials credentials) {
this.credentials = credentials;
}
public final static String CONTRACT_FILE = "/home/yantao/scf/contract.properties";
/**
* for CBDC contract
*
* */
public void recordCbdcAddr(String address) throws FileNotFoundException, IOException {
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.setProperty("address", address);
FileOutputStream fileOutputStream = new FileOutputStream(CbdcClient.CONTRACT_FILE, false);
prop.store(fileOutputStream, "contract address");
System.out.println("CbdcClient.recordCbdcAddr 4");
}
/**
* For CBDC contract
*/
public String loadCbdcAddr() throws Exception {
// load Cbdc contact address from contract.properties
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.load(new FileInputStream(CbdcClient.CONTRACT_FILE));
String contractAddress = prop.getProperty("address");
if (contractAddress == null || contractAddress.trim().equals("")) {
throw new Exception(" load Cbdc contract address failed, please deploy it first. ");
}
logger.info(" load Cbdc address from contract.properties, address is {}", contractAddress);
return contractAddress;
}
public void initialize() throws Exception {
// init the Service
@SuppressWarnings("resource")
ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:applicationContext.xml");
Service service = context.getBean(Service.class);
service.run();
ChannelEthereumService channelEthereumService = new ChannelEthereumService();
channelEthereumService.setChannelService(service);
Web3j web3j = Web3j.build(channelEthereumService, 1);
// init Credentials
Credentials credentials = Credentials.create(Keys.createEcKeyPair());
setCredentials(credentials);
setWeb3j(web3j);
logger.debug(" web3j is " + web3j + " ,credentials is " + credentials);
}
private static BigInteger gasPrice = new BigInteger("30000000");
private static BigInteger gasLimit = new BigInteger("30000000");
public void deployCbdcAndRecordAddr() {
try {
Cbdc cbdc = Cbdc.deploy(web3j, credentials, new StaticGasProvider(gasPrice, gasLimit)).send();
System.out.println(" deploy CBDC success, contract address is " + cbdc.getContractAddress());
recordCbdcAddr(cbdc.getContractAddress());
} catch (Exception e) {
System.out.println(" deploy CBDC contract failed, error message is " + e.getMessage());
}
}
public BigInteger queryCbdcAmount(String cbdcAccount) {
BigInteger balance = new BigInteger("0");
try {
String contractAddress = loadCbdcAddr();
Cbdc cbdc = Cbdc.load(contractAddress, web3j, credentials, new StaticGasProvider(gasPrice, gasLimit));
Tuple2<BigInteger, BigInteger> result = cbdc.select(cbdcAccount).send();
balance = result.getValue2();
if (result.getValue1().compareTo(new BigInteger("0")) == 0) {
System.out.printf(" cbdc account %s, value %s \n", cbdcAccount, result.getValue2());
} else {
System.out.printf(" %s cbdc account is not exist \n", cbdcAccount);
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error(" queryCbdcAmount exception, error message is {}", e.getMessage());
System.out.printf(" query cbdc account failed, error message is %s\n", e.getMessage());
}
return balance;
}
public void registerCbdcAccount(String cbdcAccount, BigInteger amount) {
try {
String contractAddress = loadCbdcAddr();
Cbdc cbdc = Cbdc.load(contractAddress, web3j, credentials, new StaticGasProvider(gasPrice, gasLimit));
TransactionReceipt receipt = cbdc.register(cbdcAccount, amount).send();
List<RegisterEventEventResponse> response = cbdc.getRegisterEventEvents(receipt);
if (!response.isEmpty()) {
if (response.get(0).ret.compareTo(new BigInteger("0")) == 0) {
System.out.printf(" register cbdc account success => cbdc: %s, value: %s \n", cbdcAccount,
amount);
} else {
System.out.printf(" register cbdc account failed, ret code is %s \n",
response.get(0).ret.toString());
}
} else {
System.out.println(" event log not found, maybe transaction not exec. ");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error(" registerCbdcAccount exception, error message is {}", e.getMessage());
System.out.printf(" register cbdc account failed, error message is %s\n", e.getMessage());
}
}
public void transferCbdc(String fromCbdcAccount, String toCbdcAccount, BigInteger amount) {
try {
String contractAddress = loadCbdcAddr();
Cbdc cbdc = Cbdc.load(contractAddress, web3j, credentials, new StaticGasProvider(gasPrice, gasLimit));
TransactionReceipt receipt = cbdc.transfer(fromCbdcAccount, toCbdcAccount, amount).send();
List<TransferEventEventResponse> response = cbdc.getTransferEventEvents(receipt);
if (!response.isEmpty()) {
if (response.get(0).ret.compareTo(new BigInteger("0")) == 0) {
System.out.printf(" transfer success => from_cbdc: %s, to_cbdc: %s, amount: %s \n",
fromCbdcAccount, toCbdcAccount, amount);
} else {
System.out.printf(" transfer cbdc account failed, ret code is %s \n",
response.get(0).ret.toString());
}
} else {
System.out.println(" event log not found, maybe transaction not exec. ");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error(" registerCbdcAccount exception, error message is {}", e.getMessage());
System.out.printf(" register cbdc account failed, error message is %s\n", e.getMessage());
}
}
}
这里与官方示例有一点不同，首先不需要main方法，其次官网记录智能合约地址的文件在类目录下，而我们要用runnable jar的形式，所以将该文件写到普通文件中。
我们首先定义一个SpringBoot工程的Application类，如下所示：
package com.arxandt.scf.fbc;
import java.util.Arrays;
import org.springframework.boot.CommandLineRunner;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
@Bean
public CommandLineRunner commandLineRunner(ApplicationContext ctx) {
return args -> {
System.out.println("Let's inspect the beans provided by Spring Boot:");
String[] beanNames = ctx.getBeanDefinitionNames();
Arrays.sort(beanNames);
for (String beanName : beanNames) {
System.out.println(beanName);
}
};
}
}
这个与标准的SpringBoot工程的Application没有区别，就不做介绍了。
接下来我们定义controller类，如下所示：
package com.arxandt.scf.fbc.controller;
// java lib
import java.math.BigInteger;
// open source lib
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import com.arxandt.scf.fbc.sol.client.CbdcClient;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/test")
public class TestController {
private static boolean hasCbdcDeployed = false;
private static CbdcClient cc = null;
@RequestMapping("/")
public String index() {
return "Greetings from Spring Boot! Yantao";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/fbc/{accountTypeId}", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String getAccountType(@PathVariable String accountTypeId, HttpServletRequest req) {
String accountTypeName = "";
try {
if (!TestController.hasCbdcDeployed) {
cc = new CbdcClient();
cc.initialize();
cc.deployCbdcAndRecordAddr();
TestController.hasCbdcDeployed = true;
}
//accountTypeName = cc.getAccountTypeName(accountTypeId);
} catch (Exception ex) {
System.out.println("exception:" + ex.getMessage() + "!");
}
return "ok?????? accountTypeId=" + accountTypeId + "; rid=" + req.getParameter("accountTypeId") + "; name=" + accountTypeName + "!";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/fbc/register/{account}/{amount}", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String registerAccount(@PathVariable String account, @PathVariable String amount) {
System.out.println("account=" + account + "; amount=" + amount + "!");
try {
if (!TestController.hasCbdcDeployed) {
cc = new CbdcClient();
cc.initialize();
cc.deployCbdcAndRecordAddr();
TestController.hasCbdcDeployed = true;
}
cc.registerCbdcAccount(account, new BigInteger(amount));
} catch (Exception ex) {
System.out.println("registerAccount Exception:" + ex.getMessage() + "!");
}
return "registerAccount Ok";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/fbc/query/{account}", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String queryAccount(@PathVariable String account) {
BigInteger balance = new BigInteger("0");
try {
if (!TestController.hasCbdcDeployed) {
cc = new CbdcClient();
cc.initialize();
cc.deployCbdcAndRecordAddr();
TestController.hasCbdcDeployed = true;
}
balance = cc.queryCbdcAmount(account);
} catch (Exception ex) {
System.out.println("queryAccount Exception:" + ex.getMessage() + "!");
}
return "amount=" + balance + "!";
}
@RequestMapping(value="/fbc/transfer/{fromAccount}/{toAccount}/{amount}", method=RequestMethod.GET)
public String transferAccount(@PathVariable String fromAccount, @PathVariable String toAccount, @PathVariable String amount) {
BigInteger amountI = new BigInteger(amount);
try {
if (!TestController.hasCbdcDeployed) {
cc = new CbdcClient();
cc.initialize();
cc.deployCbdcAndRecordAddr();
TestController.hasCbdcDeployed = true;
}
cc.transferCbdc(fromAccount, toAccount, amountI);
} catch (Exception ex) {
System.out.println("transferAccount Exception:" + ex.getMessage() + "!");
}
return "transfer is Ok";
}
}
最后我们需要修改build.gradle文件，使其可以编译整个工程：
buildscript {
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-gradle-plugin:2.2.2.RELEASE")
}
}
apply plugin: 'maven'
apply plugin: 'java'
apply plugin: 'eclipse'
apply plugin: 'org.springframework.boot'
apply plugin: 'io.spring.dependency-management'
bootJar {
baseName = 'gs-spring-boot'
version = '0.1.0'
}
sourceCompatibility = 1.8
targetCompatibility = 1.8
[compileJava, compileTestJava, javadoc]*.options*.encoding = 'UTF-8'
// In this section you declare where to find the dependencies of your project
repositories {
maven {
url "http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/"
}
maven { url "https://dl.bintray.com/ethereum/maven/" }
maven { url "https://oss.sonatype.org/content/repositories/snapshots" }
mavenCentral()
}
List logger = [
'org.slf4j:slf4j-log4j12:1.7.25'
]
// In this section you declare the dependencies for your production and test code
dependencies {
compile logger
runtime logger
compile ("org.fisco-bcos:web3sdk:2.1.0")
compile("org.springframework.boot:spring-boot-starter-web")
testCompile("junit:junit")
}
configurations {
//eliminates logback
all*.exclude group: 'ch.qos.logback'
//eliminates StackOverflowError
all*.exclude group: 'org.apache.logging.log4j', module: 'log4j-to-slf4j'
}
jar {
destinationDir file('dist/apps')
archiveName project.name + '.jar'
exclude '**/*.xml'
exclude '**/*.properties'
exclude '**/*.crt'
exclude '**/*.key'
doLast {
copy {
from configurations.runtime
into 'dist/lib'
}
copy {
from file('src/test/resources/')
into 'dist/conf'
}
copy {
from file('tool/')
into 'dist/'
}
copy {
from file('src/test/resources/contract')
into 'dist/contract'
}
}
}
我们运行如下命令编译整个工程并运行程序：
./gradlew build
java -Djdk.tls.namedGroups="secp256k1" -jar build/libs/gs-spring-boot-0.1.0.jar
启动之后，在浏览器中输入如下网址：
# 部署智能合约
http://your.ip.addr:8080/test/fbc/deploy
# 创建账户
http://your.ip.addr:8080/test/fbc/register/alice009/100
http://your.ip.addr:8080/test/fbc/register/bob009/200
# 转账
http://your.ip.addr:8080/test/fbc/transfer/bob009/alice009/20
# 查询账户余额
http://your.ip.addr:8080/test/fbc/query/alice009
http://your.ip.addr:8080/test/fbc/query/bob009
上述操作应该可以产生与命令行相同的结果。
在本篇博文中，我们实现了一个简单的智能合约，并部署到Fisco Boco中，并利用基于SpringBoot的Web服务器，来调用智能合约。下面的博文中，我们将先讲解区块链供应链金融业务知识，然后来讲解怎样通过Fisco Bcos智能合约来实现这些业务逻辑，最后讲解怎样通过SpringBoot和Element-Admin-Ui来提供最终用户操作界面。
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