迭代器模式(职责链模式)
迭代器模式(Iterator Pattern):提供一种方法来访问聚合对象,而不用暴露这个对象的内部表示,其别名为游标(Cursor)。迭代器模式是一种对象行为型模式。
案例:加薪申请、上报与审批
源代码:V1.0
package org.zangyu.Iterator;
public class Iterator {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Manager xz1 =new Manager("小臧1");//三个管理者
Manager xz2 =new Manager("小臧2");
Manager xz3 =new Manager("小臧3");
Request request=new Request();//小菜请求加薪1000
request.setRequesttype("加新");
request.setRequestcontent("小菜请求加薪");
request.setNumber(1000);
xz1.GetResult("经理", request);
xz2.GetResult("总监", request);
xz3.GetResult("总经理", request);
System.out.println("---------------");
Request request1=new Request();//小菜请假三天
request1.setRequesttype("请假");
request1.setRequestcontent("小菜请假3天");
request1.setNumber(3);
xz1.GetResult("经理", request1);
xz2.GetResult("总监", request1);
xz3.GetResult("总经理", request1);
}
}
//申请:小菜请求加薪2000/小菜请假3天
class Request{
private String requesttype;//申请类别
private String requestcontent;//申请内容
private int number;//数量
public String getRequesttype() {
return requesttype;
}
public void setRequesttype(String requesttype) {
this.requesttype = requesttype;
}
public String getRequestcontent() {
return requestcontent;
}
public void setRequestcontent(String requestcontent) {
this.requestcontent = requestcontent;
}
public int getNumber() {
return number;
}
public void setNumber(int number) {
this.number = number;
}
}
class Manager{
protected String name;
public Manager(String name) {
super();
this.name = name;
}
public void GetResult(String managerlevel,Request request)
{
System.out.println(request.getRequesttype()+";"+request.getNumber());
if(managerlevel.equals("经理")) {
if(request.getRequesttype().equals("请假")&&request.getNumber()<=2)
{
System.out.println("数量<=2,被批准");
}else {
System.out.println("数量>2,无权批准");
}
}else if(managerlevel.equals("总监")) {
if(request.getRequesttype().equals("请假")&&request.getNumber()<=5)
{
System.out.println("数量<=5,被批准");
}else {
System.out.println("数量>5,无权批准");
}
}else if(managerlevel.equals("总经理")) {
if(request.getRequesttype().equals("请假"))
{
System.out.println("请假,被批准");
}else if(request.getRequesttype().equals("加薪")&&request.getNumber()<=500)
{
System.out.println("加新<500,被批准");
}else if(request.getRequesttype().equals("加薪")&&request.getNumber()>500){
System.out.println("加新>500,无权批准");
}
}
}
}
manager类的GetResult方法比较长,有太多分支,承担的太多的职责,修改功能时需要修改类,违背了开闭原则;
解决:重构加新代码
源代码:V2.0(职责链模式)
package org.zangyu.Iterator;
public class Iterator2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
CommonManager xz1 =new CommonManager("小臧1");//三个管理者
Majordomo xz2 =new Majordomo("小臧2");
GeneralManager xz3 =new GeneralManager("小臧3");
//根据实际情况设置上级
xz1.setSuperior(xz2);
xz2.setSuperior(xz3);
Request request=new Request();//小菜请求加薪1000
request.setRequesttype("加新");
request.setRequestcontent("小菜请求加薪");
request.setNumber(1000);
xz1.RequestApplications(request);
Request request1=new Request();//小菜请假
request1.setRequesttype("请假");
request1.setRequestcontent("小菜请假2天");
request1.setNumber(2);
xz1.RequestApplications(request1);
Request request2=new Request();//小菜请假
request2.setRequesttype("请假");
request2.setRequestcontent("小菜请假5天");
request2.setNumber(5);
xz1.RequestApplications(request2);
}
}
//申请:小菜请求加薪2000/小菜请假3天
class Request{
private String requesttype;//申请类别
private String requestcontent;//申请内容
private int number;//数量
public String getRequesttype() {
return requesttype;
}
public void setRequesttype(String requesttype) {
this.requesttype = requesttype;
}
public String getRequestcontent() {
return requestcontent;
}
public void setRequestcontent(String requestcontent) {
this.requestcontent = requestcontent;
}
public int getNumber() {
return number;
}
public void setNumber(int number) {
this.number = number;
}
}
abstract class Manager{
protected String name;
protected Manager superior;
public Manager(String name) {
super();
this.name = name;
}
public Manager getSuperior() {
return superior;
}
public void setSuperior(Manager superior) {
this.superior = superior;
}
abstract public void RequestApplications(Request request);
}
class CommonManager extends Manager{
public CommonManager(String name) {
super(name);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
@Override
public void RequestApplications(Request request) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(request.getRequesttype().equals("请假")&&request.getNumber()<=2)
{
System.out.println(this.name+"、"+request.getRequestcontent()+"数量"+request.getNumber()+"被批准");
}else {//其余申请都需转到上级
if(superior!=null) {
superior.RequestApplications(request);
}
}
}
}
class Majordomo extends Manager{
public Majordomo(String name) {
super(name);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
@Override
public void RequestApplications(Request request) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(request.getRequesttype().equals("请假")&&request.getNumber()<=5)
{
System.out.println(this.name+"、"+request.getRequestcontent()+"数量"+request.getNumber()+"被批准");
}else {//其余申请都需转到上级
if(superior!=null) {
superior.RequestApplications(request);
}
}
}
}
class GeneralManager extends Manager{
public GeneralManager(String name) {
super(name);
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}
@Override
public void RequestApplications(Request request) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(request.getRequesttype().equals("请假")&&request.getNumber()<=2)
{
System.out.println(this.name+"、"+request.getRequestcontent()+"数量"+request.getNumber()+"被批准");
}else if(request.getRequesttype().equals("加薪")&&request.getNumber()<=500){
System.out.println(this.name+":"+request.getRequestcontent()+"数量"+request.getNumber());
}else {
System.out.println(this.name+":"+request.getRequestcontent()+"数量"+request.getNumber()+"再说");
}
}
}
职责链模式框架
源代码:V1.0
package org.zangyu.Iterator;
public class Iterator3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
Handler h1 =new ConcreteHandler1();
h1.setName("审批人1");
Handler h2 =new ConcreteHandler2();
h2.setName("审批人2");
Handler h3 =new ConcreteHandler3();
h3.setName("审批人3");
//设置职责链上的关系
h1.setSuccessor(h2);
h2.setSuccessor(h3);
int[] requests= {2,5,14,22,18,3,27,20};
for(int i=0;i<requests.length;i++) {
h1.HandleRequest(requests[i]);
}
}
}
abstract class Handler{
protected String name;
protected Handler successor;//设置继承者
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Handler getSuccessor() {
return successor;
}
public void setSuccessor(Handler successor) {
this.successor = successor;
}
public abstract void HandleRequest(int request);
//处理请求的抽象方法
}
class ConcreteHandler1 extends Handler{//具体处理者1
@Override
public void HandleRequest(int request) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(request>=0&&request<10) {
System.out.println(this.getName()+"处理请求"+request);
}else if(successor!=null) {
//转移到下一位去处理
successor.HandleRequest(request);
}
}
}
class ConcreteHandler2 extends Handler{//具体处理者2
@Override
public void HandleRequest(int request) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(request>=10&&request<20) {
System.out.println(this.getName()+"处理请求"+request);
}else if(successor!=null) {
//转移到下一位去处理
successor.HandleRequest(request);
}
}
}
class ConcreteHandler3 extends Handler{//具体处理者2
@Override
public void HandleRequest(int request) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
if(request>=20&&request<30) {
System.out.println(this.getName()+"处理请求"+request);
}else if(successor!=null) {
//转移到下一位去处理
successor.HandleRequest(request);
}
}
}
职责链优缺点
优点:
客户端无需知道哪一个对象处理它的请求
请求处理对象维持一个指向后继者的引用,简化对象的连接
可通过在运行时对该链进行动态增加or删除改变处理一个请求的职责
系统增加具体处理者无需修改原有代码,只需要客户端重新创建链即可,满足开闭原则
缺点:
a)没有明确接收者,不能保证被处理
b)对请求链长的职责链,系统性能收到影响
职责链适用环境
例如:web应用中创建多个过滤器Filter链来对请求进行过滤
工作流系统中实现办公的分级审批
异常处理机制,不同的catch子句构成了一条处理异常对象的职责链
有多个对象可以处理请求
在不明确指定接收者的情况下向多个对象中的一个提交一个请求
客户端动态指定一组对象处理请求,而且还可以改变链中的执行顺序