Kubernetes(K8S)集群部署

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-16 16:30:39 发布

何苏三月

最新推荐文章于 2024-08-16 16:30:39 发布

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分类专栏：编程环境安装文章标签： kubernetes 容器云原生 java

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/YuanFudao/article/details/132886568

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3.3 为每台服务器安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl

一、创建3台虚拟机

具体操作步骤可以参考之前的教程，建议是先安装一台，然后克隆虚拟机，这样速度快。

注意：在克隆时记得修改Mac地址、IP地址、UUID和主机名。（最后别忘了保存下快照~）

安装VMware虚拟机、Linux系统（CentOS7）_何苏三月的博客-CSDN博客

克隆Linux系统（centos）_linux克隆_何苏三月的博客-CSDN博客

二、为每台虚拟机安装Docker

请参考：Docker安装、常见命令、安装常见容器（Mysql、Redis等）_docker redis 容器_何苏三月的博客-CSDN博客

教程中安装docker的命令

yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

原来是默认安装最新版，这里需要指定一下版本，目的是保障后续安装k8s不出问题：

yum install -y docker-ce-20.10.7 docker-ce-cli-20.10.7  containerd.io-1.4.6

其他步骤不变。

三、安装kubelet

3.1 安装要求

一台兼容的 Linux 主机。Kubernetes 项目为基于 Debian 和 Red Hat 的 Linux 发行版以及一些不提供包管理器的发行版提供通用的指令。
每台机器 2 GB 或更多的 RAM （如果少于这个数字将会影响你应用的运行内存)
2 CPU 核或更多
集群中的所有机器的网络彼此均能相互连接(公网和内网都可以)
- 设置防火墙放行规则
节点之中不可以有重复的主机名、MAC 地址或 product_uuid。请参见这里了解更多详细信息。
- 设置不同hostname
开启机器上的某些端口。请参见这里了解更多详细信息。
- 内网互信
禁用交换分区。为了保证 kubelet 正常工作，你必须禁用交换分区。
- 永久关闭

3.2 为每台服务器完成前置设置

#各个机器设置自己的域名
hostnamectl set-hostname xxxx


# 将 SELinux 设置为 permissive 模式（相当于将其禁用）
sudo setenforce 0
sudo sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config

#关闭swap
swapoff -a  
sed -ri 's/.*swap.*/#&/' /etc/fstab

#允许 iptables 检查桥接流量
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOF

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sudo sysctl --system

3.3 为每台服务器安装kubelet、kubeadm、kubectl

kubelet - “厂长”

kubectl - 程序员敲命令行的命令窗

kubeadm - 引导创建集群的

# 1.先配置K8S去哪儿下载的地址信息
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg
   http://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
exclude=kubelet kubeadm kubectl
EOF
# 2. 安装
sudo yum install -y kubelet-1.20.9 kubeadm-1.20.9 kubectl-1.20.9 --disableexcludes=kubernetes
# 3. 启动kubelet
sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet

💡systemctl status kubelet 查看状态会发现，kubelet 现在每隔几秒就会重启，因为它陷入了一个等待 kubeadm 指令的死循环。这是正常现象不用管！

四、使用kubeadm引导集群

4.1 master服务器

下载各个机器需要的镜像，以下只需要在master机器上执行：

# 1. 定义一个for循环，需要的东西下载
sudo tee ./images.sh <<-'EOF'
#!/bin/bash
images=(
kube-apiserver:v1.20.9
kube-proxy:v1.20.9
kube-controller-manager:v1.20.9
kube-scheduler:v1.20.9
coredns:1.7.0
etcd:3.4.13-0
pause:3.2
)
for imageName in ${images[@]} ; do
docker pull registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images/$imageName
done
EOF
# 2. 赋予权限，让它下载这些东西
chmod +x ./images.sh && ./images.sh

4.2 node1、node2服务器

从图上可以知道，从节点也需要安装kube-proxy。我们可以只下载这个镜像，当然了为了避免出现意外，我们也可以都下载下来。

方法完全参考4.1

4.3 初始化主节点

1.首先给所有的服务器都添加一下k8s110这台服务器的域名映射

#所有机器添加master域名映射，以下需要修改为自己的内网ip地址
echo "192.168.37.110  cluster-endpoint" >> /etc/hosts

2.然后只在k8s110这台服务器上执行主节点初始化过程：

#主节点初始化
kubeadm init \
--apiserver-advertise-address=192.168.37.110 \
--control-plane-endpoint=cluster-endpoint \
--image-repository registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/lfy_k8s_images \
--kubernetes-version v1.20.9 \
--service-cidr=10.96.0.0/16 \
--pod-network-cidr=192.168.50.0/24

#要求所有网络范围不重叠 --pod-network-cidr  --service-cidr --apiserver-advertise-address 都不能重叠

如果出现上述错误，则执行如下命令：

sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

然后重新执行

最后看到如下画面则表示初始化成功！

这段还比较重要的，它告诉我们怎么使用这个集群信息等等，所以我们把文本单独复制出来

Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!

To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:

  mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
  sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
  sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:

  export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf

You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
  https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/

You can now join any number of control-plane nodes by copying certificate authorities
and service account keys on each node and then running the following as root:

  kubeadm join cluster-endpoint:6443 --token 3e54se.alzs9d1mkf30f25w \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:689c076e294bdbb588103a51aaa7248b8a0df34bde634a6189d311ad46a02856 \
    --control-plane

Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:

kubeadm join cluster-endpoint:6443 --token 3e54se.alzs9d1mkf30f25w \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:689c076e294bdbb588103a51aaa7248b8a0df34bde634a6189d311ad46a02856

那么按照它的要求一步一步执行吧！

3.按要求创建文件夹复制文件给予权限等操作

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

然后我们查看一下集群的所有结点：

#查看集群所有节点
kubectl get nodes

发现k8s110这台服务器就是master节点了，但是它的状态是NotReady。

没关系按照它的要求继续执行，下一步说需要安装一个网络插件。

4.安装网络插件

可以有多种安装选择，我们就用calico

curl https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.20/manifests/calico.yaml -O

下载成功，我们calico.yaml配置文件就有了。

重要提示💡：如果我们在初始化主节点时，修改了--pod-network-cidr=192.168.0.0/16，那么我们就要进入这个配置文件，将我们修改后的ip地址写上去。

ok，有了这个配置文件，就可以通过如下命令为k8s安装calico插件所需要的东西了

#根据配置文件，给集群创建资源（以后通过该命令为k8s创建资源，不限于calico）
kubectl apply -f calico.yaml

然后执行命令安装calico网络插件

如果出现上述提示，说明我们的yaml文件有可能换行符搞错了等等。

再重新下载就好了。

我们如何查看集群部署了哪些应用呢？

# 查看集群部署了哪些应用
docker ps
# 等价于
kubectl get pods -A
# 运行中的应用在docker里面叫容器，在k8s里面叫Pod,至于为什么，后续再讲

以上，master节点就准备就绪了！

4.4 work节点加入集群

前面初始化主节点成功后的提示中有步骤：

kubeadm join cluster-endpoint:6443 --token 3e54se.alzs9d1mkf30f25w \
    --discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:689c076e294bdbb588103a51aaa7248b8a0df34bde634a6189d311ad46a02856

我们只需要将它在另外两台服务器各自执行即可。

如果加入报错，请查看是否已经关闭了防火墙，确保关闭防火墙然后执行：

sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

ok，然后去master查看一下节点信息。

我们也可以通过linux的命令 watch -n 1 kubectl get pods -A，每一秒查看一下状态

OK了，我们再看看

至此，K8S集群就跑起来了。

五、token过期怎么办？

token超过24小时就失效了，如果我们还没有加入从节点，或者想加入新的从节点，可以在master节点执行如下命令，让它重新生成

kubeadm token create --print-join-command

六、安装可视化界面dashboard

6.1 安装

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/kubernetes/dashboard/v2.3.1/aio/deploy/recommended.yaml

如果网络不好安装不了就复制下面的，将它写入到一个yaml文件中，然后执行该文件即可：

# Copyright 2017 The Kubernetes Authors.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Namespace
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 443
      targetPort: 8443
  selector:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-csrf
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque
data:
  csrf: ""

---

apiVersion: v1
kind: Secret
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
type: Opaque

---

kind: ConfigMap
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard-settings
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Role
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Dashboard to get, update and delete Dashboard exclusive secrets.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["secrets"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-key-holder", "kubernetes-dashboard-certs", "kubernetes-dashboard-csrf"]
    verbs: ["get", "update", "delete"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get and update 'kubernetes-dashboard-settings' config map.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["configmaps"]
    resourceNames: ["kubernetes-dashboard-settings"]
    verbs: ["get", "update"]
    # Allow Dashboard to get metrics.
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["proxy"]
  - apiGroups: [""]
    resources: ["services/proxy"]
    resourceNames: ["heapster", "http:heapster:", "https:heapster:", "dashboard-metrics-scraper", "http:dashboard-metrics-scraper"]
    verbs: ["get"]

---

kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
rules:
  # Allow Metrics Scraper to get metrics from the Metrics server
  - apiGroups: ["metrics.k8s.io"]
    resources: ["pods", "nodes"]
    verbs: ["get", "list", "watch"]

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: RoleBinding
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: Role
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: kubernetes-dashboard
    namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  name: kubernetes-dashboard
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: kubernetes-dashboard
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard
          image: kubernetesui/dashboard:v2.3.1
          imagePullPolicy: Always
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8443
              protocol: TCP
          args:
            - --auto-generate-certificates
            - --namespace=kubernetes-dashboard
            # Uncomment the following line to manually specify Kubernetes API server Host
            # If not specified, Dashboard will attempt to auto discover the API server and connect
            # to it. Uncomment only if the default does not work.
            # - --apiserver-host=http://my-address:port
          volumeMounts:
            - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
              mountPath: /certs
              # Create on-disk volume to store exec logs
            - mountPath: /tmp
              name: tmp-volume
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTPS
              path: /
              port: 8443
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      volumes:
        - name: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
          secret:
            secretName: kubernetes-dashboard-certs
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule

---

kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  ports:
    - port: 8000
      targetPort: 8000
  selector:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper

---

kind: Deployment
apiVersion: apps/v1
metadata:
  labels:
    k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
spec:
  replicas: 1
  revisionHistoryLimit: 10
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        k8s-app: dashboard-metrics-scraper
      annotations:
        seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/pod: 'runtime/default'
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: dashboard-metrics-scraper
          image: kubernetesui/metrics-scraper:v1.0.6
          ports:
            - containerPort: 8000
              protocol: TCP
          livenessProbe:
            httpGet:
              scheme: HTTP
              path: /
              port: 8000
            initialDelaySeconds: 30
            timeoutSeconds: 30
          volumeMounts:
          - mountPath: /tmp
            name: tmp-volume
          securityContext:
            allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
            readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
            runAsUser: 1001
            runAsGroup: 2001
      serviceAccountName: kubernetes-dashboard
      nodeSelector:
        "kubernetes.io/os": linux
      # Comment the following tolerations if Dashboard must not be deployed on master
      tolerations:
        - key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
          effect: NoSchedule
      volumes:
        - name: tmp-volume
          emptyDir: {}

6.2 暴露端口

kubectl edit svc kubernetes-dashboard -n kubernetes-dashboard

type: ClusterIP 改为 type: NodePort

相当于docker中将内部的端口映射到linux的某个端口

找到放行的端口

kubectl get svc -A |grep kubernetes-dashboard
## 如果是云服务器，找到端口，在安全组放行

6.3 访问web界面

访问： https://集群任意IP:端口 https://192.168.37.110:31820/

发现虚拟机部署的无法访问，云服务器则没有问题。

我后面试了试Google、Edge都不行，华为浏览器、火狐浏览器可以访问到：

具体怎么解决，这个我放到后面有时间再处理吧~

6.4 创建访问账号

创建一个配置文件dash-usr.yaml

#创建访问账号，准备一个yaml文件； vi dash.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: ServiceAccount
metadata:
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard
---
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
metadata:
  name: admin-user
roleRef:
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: cluster-admin
subjects:
- kind: ServiceAccount
  name: admin-user
  namespace: kubernetes-dashboard

6.5 生成令牌

这个可视化界面是通过令牌登录的，我们可以通过如下命令生成访问令牌：

#获取访问令牌
kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get secret $(kubectl -n kubernetes-dashboard get sa/admin-user -o jsonpath="{.secrets[0].name}") -o go-template="{{.data.token | base64decode}}"