部署前准备
- 关闭防火墙
systemctl disable --now firewalld
- 禁用交换分区
swapoff -a
sed -i '/swap/s/^/#/' /etc/fstab
- 禁用SELINUX
将 SELinux 设置为 permissive 模式(相当于将其禁用)
setenforce 0
sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config
- 允许 iptables 检查桥接流量
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/k8s.conf
br_netfilter
EOF
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
EOF
sysctl --system
安装Docker容器运行时
可以参考Docker官方网站进行安装;
网速不好,下载离线包,选择你的CentOS版本。然后浏览到x86_64/stable/Packages/下载你想要安装的Docker版本的.rpm文件。
如果存在旧版Docker则先进行卸载:
yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-engine
使用yum进行安装:
- step1: 设置存储库(这里我们使用阿里云提供的镜像仓库)
yum install -y yum-utils
yum-config-manager --add-repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
- step2: 安装Docker引擎
-
- step2.1: 安装指导版本Docker引擎(可选,可以直接执行2.1步骤安装最新版)
yum list docker-ce --showduplicates | sort -r
docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.1-3.el7
docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 3:18.09.0-3.el7
docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.3.ce-3.el7
docker-ce-stable docker-ce.x86_64 18.06.2.ce-3.el7
docker-ce-stable 通过它的完全限定包名安装特定版本,它是包名(docker-ce)加上版本字符串(第二列),从第一个冒号(:)开始,直到第一个连字符,由连字符(-)分隔。 例如:docker-ce-18.09.1 yum install -y
docker-ce-<VERSION_STRING> docker-ce-cli-<VERSION_STRING> containerd.io
-
- step2.2: 安装最新版Docker
yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
- step3: 启动并开启Docker服务
systemctl enable --now docker
修改docker国内镜像加速
- step1:修改配置文件
cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"registry-mirrors": [
"https://registry.docker-cn.com",
"http://hub-mirror.c.163.com",
"https://docker.mirrors.ustc.edu.cn"
],
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"],
"log-driver": "json-file",
"log-opts": {
"max-size": "100m"
},
"storage-driver": "overlay2"
}
EOF
- step2:重新加载配置并重启Docker
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl restart docker
安装 kubeadm、kubelet 和 kubectl
- step1: 设置仓库(此处使用阿里云镜像仓库)
cat <<EOF > /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo
[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
repo_gpgcheck=0
gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://mirrors.aliyun.com/kubernetes/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
EOF
- step2: 安装kubeadm、kubelet 和 kubectl
yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes
- step3: 启动并开启kubelet服务
systemctl enable --now kubelet
初始化Master节点
对于初始化master节点Kubernetes官方文档提供有多种方案,我这里使用的是配置文件的方式进行主节点的初始化工作;
结合一份配置文件来使用 kubeadm init
1.查看kubeadm默认的初始化配置文件配置详情
kubeadm config print init-defaults
# 输出如下:
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
- system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
ttl: 24h0m0s
usages:
- signing
- authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
advertiseAddress: 1.2.3.4
bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
name: master.k8s
taints:
- effect: NoSchedule
key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
---
apiServer:
timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns:
type: CoreDNS
etcd:
local:
dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
imageRepository: k8s.gcr.io
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.20.0
networking:
dnsDomain: cluster.local
serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
scheduler: {}
2.拷贝默认配置到新的配置文件kubeadm-init.yaml并修改相应配置
# 注释部分为修改的代码
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
bootstrapTokens:
- groups:
- system:bootstrappers:kubeadm:default-node-token
token: abcdef.0123456789abcdef
ttl: 24h0m0s
usages:
- signing
- authentication
kind: InitConfiguration
localAPIEndpoint:
# Master的IP地址(当前主机的IP地址)
advertiseAddress: 192.168.88.129
bindPort: 6443
nodeRegistration:
criSocket: /var/run/dockershim.sock
name: master.k8s
taints:
- effect: NoSchedule
key: node-role.kubernetes.io/master
---
apiServer:
timeoutForControlPlane: 4m0s
apiVersion: kubeadm.k8s.io/v1beta2
certificatesDir: /etc/kubernetes/pki
clusterName: kubernetes
controllerManager: {}
dns:
type: CoreDNS
etcd:
local:
dataDir: /var/lib/etcd
# image的仓库源(这里使用阿里云仓库)
imageRepository: registry.cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/google_containers
kind: ClusterConfiguration
kubernetesVersion: v1.20.0
networking:
dnsDomain: cluster.local
serviceSubnet: 10.96.0.0/12
scheduler: {}
3.运行初始化配置
初始化过程中会拉取相关的镜像,查看所需拉取的镜像可以运行一下命令:
kubeadm config images list
kubeadm init --config ~/kubeadm-init.yaml
# 初始化配置成功结果
Your Kubernetes control-plane has initialized successfully!
To start using your cluster, you need to run the following as a regular user:
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Alternatively, if you are the root user, you can run:
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
You should now deploy a pod network to the cluster.
Run "kubectl apply -f [podnetwork].yaml" with one of the options listed at:
https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/cluster-administration/addons/
Then you can join any number of worker nodes by running the following on each as root:
kubeadm join 192.168.88.129:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:8fd89364527a08860e795ad9025ac1d89d82cacki0671a1dbef30efvaf5e7f4a
收尾工作
根据初始化配置成功结果来看,我们需要配置kubelet的配置文件声明,使kubelet可以使用集群;
非Root用户
mkdir -p $HOME/.kube
sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config
sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config
Root用户
export KUBECONFIG=/etc/kubernetes/admin.conf
工作节点加入集群
可参考Kuernetes官方文档;
kubeadm join 192.168.88.129:6443 --token abcdef.0123456789abcdef \
--discovery-token-ca-cert-hash sha256:8fd89364527a08860e795ad9025ac1d89d82cacki0671a1dbef30efvaf5e7f4a
配置集群网络
我们把工作节点加入集群,如果集群中没有安装 Pod 网络附加组件,那么集群中不同的节点上的pod是没法互相通信的,我们使用命令:
kubectl get node
可以看到节点的STATUS列显示为NotReady;这里我们选择Weaveworks 的 Weave Net作为Pod 网络附加组件;
kubectl apply -f "https://cloud.weave.works/k8s/net?k8s-version=$(kubectl version | base64 | tr -d '\n')"