Linux下安装MySQL数据库

此安装参考自官方教程

前置准备

1. 下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/mysql/
   
2. 安装所需依赖

yum install -y libaio

3. 检查系统是否安装mysql/mariadb

rpm -qa | grep mysql

如果有，则卸载

rpm -e --nodeps $(rpm -qa | grep mysql)

rpm -qa | grep mariadb

如果有，则卸载

rpm -e --nodeps $(rpm -qa | grep mariadb)

4. 关闭防火墙

systemctl disable --now firewalld

安装步骤

1. 将安装包上传至Linux目录/usr/local下
2. 创建mysql用户及用户组

groupadd mysql

useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql

3. 进入/usr/local

cd /usr/local

4. 解压

tar zxvf /usr/local/mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

5. 移至/usr/local/mysql

mv mysql-5.7.36-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql

6. 配置MySQL环境变量

cat <<EOF>> /etc/profile 
export PATH=\$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
EOF

source /etc/profile

7. 创建数据存放的目录并且授权750

mkdir -p /data/mysql

chown mysql:mysql /data/mysql/

chmod 750 /data/mysql/

8. 初始化数据库

mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/

初始化成功后会显示

标记部分是MySQL root用户的初始密码

9. 配置my.cnf配置文件

cat <<EOF>/etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
default-time-zone = '+08:00'
character-set-client-handshake = FALSE
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect = 'SET NAMES utf8mb4'
lower_case_table_names = 1

user=mysql 
port = 3306
server_id = 1
basedir = /usr/local/mysql
datadir = /data/mysql
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock

sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION

#####性能配置BEGIN################
#expire_logs_days=7
#back_log=300
#max_connections=5000
#max_connect_errors=30
#table_cache=4096
#open_files_limit=10240
#thread_concurrency=64
#max_allowed_packet=100000000
#net_buffer_length=100000
#interactive_timeout=300
#wait_timeout=300
#thread_cache_size=100
#slow_query_log=1
#long_query_time=5
#sort_buffer_size=2M
#read_buffer_size=2M
#read_rnd_buffer_size=250K
#join_buffer_size=250K
#tmp_table_size=64M
#table_open_cache=5000
#key_buffer_size=32M
#query_cache_size=64M
#thread_stack=250K
#innodb_buffer_pool_size=12G
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size=16M
#innodb_file_io_threads=4
#innodb_thread_concurrency=16
#innodb_log_buffer_size=8M
#innodb_log_file_size=512M
#innodb_log_files_in_group=3
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout=120
#####性能配置END################

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4
EOF

10. 启动MySQL服务

/usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start

11. 设置开机启动MySQL(可选)

配置mysqld.service文件

cat <<EOF>>/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service
[Unit]
Description=MySQL Server
Documentation=man:mysqld
Documentation=/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html
After=network.target
After=syslog.target
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[Service]
User=mysql
Group=mysql
ExecStart=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf
LimitNOFILE = 5000
EOF

systemctl enable --now mysqld

12. 修改MySQL root密码(可选)

不建议使用mysqladmin 命令修改，如果密码存在特殊的符号会导致命令不生效；

建议使用以下方式修改MySQL密码：

# 使用初始化得到的密码登录MySQL
$ mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.36

Copyright (c) 2000, 2021, Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

#执行修改密码语句
mysql> set password for root@localhost = password('新密码');
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

13. 设置允许MySQL远程登陆(可选)

授权所有IP都可以远程登陆root用户

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'root密码' WITH GRANT OPTION;

刷新数据库权限

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

自此MySQL安装完成！

Issue

• mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libnuma.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
  问题原因：缺少依赖
  解决办法：

yum -y install numactl