【狂神说Java】阶段一笔记21. java面向对象04

instanceof

public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //Object -> String
        //Object -> Person -> Student
        //Object -> Person -> Teacher
        //System.out.println(x instanceof y); x跟y是否有父子关系
        Object object = new Student();

        System.out.println(object instanceof Student); //true
        System.out.println(object instanceof Person); //true
        System.out.println(object instanceof Object); //true
        System.out.println(object instanceof Teacher); //false
        System.out.println(object instanceof String); //false
        System.out.println("======================");

        Person person = new Student();

        System.out.println(person instanceof Student); //true
        System.out.println(person instanceof Person); //true
        System.out.println(person instanceof Object); //true
        System.out.println(person instanceof Teacher); //false
        // System.out.println(person instanceof String); //编译报错
        System.out.println("======================");

        Student student = new Student();

        System.out.println(student instanceof Student); //true
        System.out.println(student instanceof Person); //true
        System.out.println(student instanceof Object); //true
        //System.out.println(student instanceof Teacher); //编译报错
        //System.out.println(student instanceof String); //编译报错
        System.out.println("======================");

        Object object1 = new Person();
        System.out.println(object1 instanceof Student); //false
        System.out.println(object1 instanceof Person); //true
        System.out.println(object1 instanceof Object); //true
        System.out.println(object1 instanceof Teacher); //false
        System.out.println(object1 instanceof String); //false
        System.out.println("======================");

        Person person1 = new Person();
        System.out.println(person1 instanceof Student); //false
        System.out.println(person1 instanceof Person); //true
        System.out.println(person1 instanceof Object); //true
        System.out.println(person1 instanceof Teacher); //false
        //System.out.println(person1 instanceof String); //编译报错
        System.out.println("======================");
    }
}

强制转换

public class Application {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //类型之间的转换：父 子
        //高                  低
        Person obj = new Student();
        //obj.go(); //报错

        //将student这个对象转换为Student类型，我们就可以使用Student类型的方法了
        ((Student)obj).go();

        Student student = (Student)obj;
        student.go();

        Student student1 = new Student();
        Person person = student1;
        //person.go(); //报错
    }
}
/*
    1.父类的引用指向子类的对象
    2.把子类转换为父类，向上转型：直接转，丢失子类中原本可直接调用的特有方法
    3.把父类转化为子类，向下转型：强制转换
    4.方便方法的调用，减少重复的代码
 */

static

public class Student /*extends Person*/{
    private static int age; //静态变量 多线程！
    private double score; //非静态变量

    public void run(){
        //非静态方法里可以调用静态方法
        go();
    }

    public static void go(){
        //静态方法里不可以调用非静态方法
        //因为加载时static与main最先加载，此时没有非静态方法
        //run(); 报错
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Student s1 = new Student();

        System.out.println(Student.age);
        //System.out.println(Student.score); 报错
        System.out.println(s1.age);
        System.out.println(s1.score);

        s1.run();
        s1.go();
        go();
    }
}

代码块

//final: 常量修饰符，通过fingal修饰的类不能被继承
public final class Person {

    {
        //2.匿名代码块：不能主动调用，创建对象时自动创建，在构造器之前，可用来赋初值
        System.out.println("匿名代码块");
    }

    static {
        //1.静态代码块：类一加载直接执行，只执行一次
        System.out.println("静态代码块");
    }

    public Person(){
        //3.构造方法
        System.out.println("构造方法");
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person person1 = new Person();  //顺序输出 1 2 3
        System.out.println("=======");
        Person person2 = new Person();  //顺序输出 2 3
    }
}

静态导入包

import static java.lang.Math.PI;
import static java.lang.Math.random;

public class Test {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        System.out.println(random());
        System.out.println(PI);
    }
}

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