iOS底层原理 RunLoop

最新推荐文章于 2022-01-20 10:20:34 发布

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最新推荐文章于 2022-01-20 10:20:34 发布

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分类专栏： iOS 快速进阶 # 底层原理文章标签： ios objective-c swift

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Z1591090/article/details/118157474

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什么是RunLoop

从字面意思来看，就是运行循环的意思，其实就是在程序运行过程中循环做一些事情

RunLoop的应用范畴

定时器（Timer）、PerformSelector- GCD Async Main Queue- 事件响应、手势识别、界面刷新- 网络请求- AutoreleasePool

在main函数中，如果没有RunLoop，那么下面代码执行完第三行后就会退出程序

int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
    @autoreleasepool {
        NSLog(@"hello, word")
        return 0
    }
}

获取RunLoop对象
iOS中有2套API来访问和使用RunLoop

Foundation：NSRunLoop
Core Foundation：CFRunLoopRef
NSRunLoop是基于CFRunLoopRef的一层OC包装，两者都代表着RunLoop对象

CFRunLoopRef的开源代码地址：https://opensource.apple.com/tarballs/CF/

在代码中的调用方法：

NSRunLoop *runloop = [NSRunLoop currentRunLoop]; CFRunLoopRef runloop2 = CFRunLoopGetCurrent();

RunLoop与线程

每条线程都有唯一的一个与之对应的RunLoop对象。
Runloop保存在一个全局的字典里面，线程作为key,Runloop作为Value
线程刚创建的时候根本没有Runloop对象，Runloop会在第一次获取它时创建
Runloop会在线程结束时销毁

主线程的RunLoop
主线程的RunLoop会在main函数执行UIApplicationMain的时候自动创建，所以调用[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop]时已经有了RunLoop对象

NSLog(@"%p %p", [NSRunLoop currentRunLoop], [NSRunLoop mainRunLoop]); NSLog(@"%p %p", CFRunLoopGetCurrent(), CFRunLoopGetMain());

子线RunLoop
在子线程里一开始是没有创建RunLoop对象的，需要调用[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop]才会创建

我们可以从源码CFRunloop.c文件中查看对应实现

CF_EXPORT CFRunLoopRef _CFRunLoopGet0(pthread_t t) {
    if (pthread_equal(t, kNilPthreadT)) {
	t = pthread_main_thread_np();
    }
    __CFLock(&loopsLock);
    
    // 如果没有__CFRunLoops字典，先创建一个
    if (!__CFRunLoops) {
        __CFUnlock(&loopsLock);
	CFMutableDictionaryRef dict = CFDictionaryCreateMutable(kCFAllocatorSystemDefault, 0, NULL, &kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks);
        
    // 然后创建主线程的runloop，对应主线程的key存储到字典中
	CFRunLoopRef mainLoop = __CFRunLoopCreate(pthread_main_thread_np());
	CFDictionarySetValue(dict, pthreadPointer(pthread_main_thread_np()), mainLoop);
	if (!OSAtomicCompareAndSwapPtrBarrier(NULL, dict, (void * volatile *)&__CFRunLoops)) {
	    CFRelease(dict);
	}
	CFRelease(mainLoop);
        __CFLock(&loopsLock);
    }
    
    // 从字典__CFRunLoops里面获取runloop
    // key: pthreadPointer
    CFRunLoopRef loop = (CFRunLoopRef)CFDictionaryGetValue(__CFRunLoops, pthreadPointer(t));
    __CFUnlock(&loopsLock);
    
    // 如果没有与之对应的runloop对象，就创建一个新的runloop
    if (!loop) {
	CFRunLoopRef newLoop = __CFRunLoopCreate(t);
        __CFLock(&loopsLock);
    
    // 再次判断是否有该runloop对象
	loop = (CFRunLoopRef)CFDictionaryGetValue(__CFRunLoops, pthreadPointer(t));
    // 如果没有，就将新创建的runloop赋值进去
	if (!loop) {
	    CFDictionarySetValue(__CFRunLoops, pthreadPointer(t), newLoop);
	    loop = newLoop;
	}
        // don't release run loops inside the loopsLock, because CFRunLoopDeallocate may end up taking it
        __CFUnlock(&loopsLock);
	CFRelease(newLoop);
    }
    if (pthread_equal(t, pthread_self())) {
        _CFSetTSD(__CFTSDKeyRunLoop, (void *)loop, NULL);
        if (0 == _CFGetTSD(__CFTSDKeyRunLoopCntr)) {
            _CFSetTSD(__CFTSDKeyRunLoopCntr, (void *)(PTHREAD_DESTRUCTOR_ITERATIONS-1), (void (*)(void *))__CFFinalizeRunLoop);
        }
    }
    return loop;
}

RunLoop的底层结构

我们通过源码可以看到CFRunLoopRef的本质是一个__CFRunLoop结构体类型

typedef struct CF_BRIDGED_MUTABLE_TYPE(id) __CFRunLoop * CFRunLoopRef;

struct __CFRunLoop {
    CFRuntimeBase _base;
    pthread_mutex_t _lock;			/* locked for accessing mode list */
    __CFPort _wakeUpPort;			// used for CFRunLoopWakeUp 
    Boolean _unused;
    volatile _per_run_data *_perRunData;              // reset for runs of the run loop
    pthread_t _pthread; // 对应的线程
    uint32_t _winthread;
    CFMutableSetRef _commonModes; // 标记为通用的模式
    CFMutableSetRef _commonModeItems;
    CFRunLoopModeRef _currentMode; // 当前模式
    CFMutableSetRef _modes; // 所有模式
    struct _block_item *_blocks_head;
    struct _block_item *_blocks_tail;
    CFAbsoluteTime _runTime;
    CFAbsoluteTime _sleepTime;
    CFTypeRef _counterpart;
};

再来查看里面的_currentMode类型为CFRunLoopModeRef，表示RunLoop的运行模式，本质是__CFRunLoopMode的结构体类型

typedef struct __CFRunLoopMode *CFRunLoopModeRef;

struct __CFRunLoopMode {
    CFRuntimeBase _base;
    pthread_mutex_t _lock;	/* must have the run loop locked before locking this */
    CFStringRef _name;
    Boolean _stopped;
    char _padding[3];
    
    // _sources0、_sources1就是平时需要处理的事情
    CFMutableSetRef _sources0;
    CFMutableSetRef _sources1;
    CFMutableArrayRef _observers; // 监听器
    CFMutableArrayRef _timers; // 定时器
    CFMutableDictionaryRef _portToV1SourceMap;
    __CFPortSet _portSet;
    CFIndex _observerMask;
#if USE_DISPATCH_SOURCE_FOR_TIMERS
    dispatch_source_t _timerSource;
    dispatch_queue_t _queue;
    Boolean _timerFired; // set to true by the source when a timer has fired
    Boolean _dispatchTimerArmed;
#endif
#if USE_MK_TIMER_TOO
    mach_port_t _timerPort;
    Boolean _mkTimerArmed;
#endif
#if DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_WINDOWS
    DWORD _msgQMask;
    void (*_msgPump)(void);
#endif
    uint64_t _timerSoftDeadline; /* TSR */
    uint64_t _timerHardDeadline; /* TSR */
};

CFRunLoopRef的内部结构可以用下图来表述
在这里插入图片描述

CFRunLoopModeRef
Mode的作用

一个RunLoop包含若干个Mode，每个Mode又包含若干Source0/Source1/Timer/Observer- RunLoop启动时只能选择其中一个Mode，作为currentMode
如果需要切换Mode，只能退出当前Loop，再重新选择一个Mode进入 -
不同组的Source0/Source1/Timer/Observer能分隔开来，互不影响切换Mode程序不会退出，也是在内部做的切换
如果Mode里没有任何Source0/Source1/Timer/Observer，RunLoop会立马退出

RunLoop里面常见的Mode

kCFRunLoopDefaultMode（NSDefaultRunLoopMode）：App的默认Mode，通常主线程是在这个Mode下运行
UITrackingRunLoopMode：界面跟踪Mode，用于ScrollView追踪触摸滑动，保证界面滑动时不受其他Mode影响
kCFRunLoopCommonModes默认包括kCFRunLoopDefaultMode、UITrackingRunLoopMode

Mode中成员的用途

Source0 - 触摸事件处理 - performSelector:onThread:

Source1 - 基于Port的线程间通信 - 系统事件捕捉（比如捕捉到点击事件，然后再交给Source0来做处理）

Timers - NSTimer定时器 - performSelector:withObject:afterDelay:

Observers - 用于监听RunLoop的状态（监听RunLoop是否没有事件要处理了） -
UI刷新（在RunLoop将要进入睡眠时唤醒刷新UI）

Autorelease pool（在RunLoop将要进入睡眠时唤醒进行内存释放）

RunLoop的运行逻辑

通过代码监听

我们可以通过添加观察者Observer的方式来监听RunLoop的状态以及模式变化

1.通过函数调用的方式来监听

// 创建Observer
// kCFRunLoopAllActivities：监听所有状态变化
CFRunLoopObserverRef observer = CFRunLoopObserverCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFRunLoopAllActivities, YES, 0, observeRunLoopActicities, NULL);
// 添加Observer到RunLoop中
CFRunLoopAddObserver(CFRunLoopGetMain(), observer, kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
// 释放（C语言中create创建后要对应释放观察者）
CFRelease(observer);

void observeRunLoopActicities(CFRunLoopObserverRef observer, CFRunLoopActivity activity, void *info)
{
    switch (activity) {
        case kCFRunLoopEntry:
            NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopEntry");
            break;
        case kCFRunLoopBeforeTimers:
            NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopBeforeTimers");
            break;
        case kCFRunLoopBeforeSources:
            NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopBeforeSources");
            break;
        case kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting:
            NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting");
            break;
        case kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting:
            NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting");
            break;
        case kCFRunLoopExit:
            NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopExit");
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
}

2.通过block回调来监听

// 创建Observer
CFRunLoopObserverRef observer = CFRunLoopObserverCreateWithHandler(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFRunLoopAllActivities, YES, 0, ^(CFRunLoopObserverRef observer, CFRunLoopActivity activity) {
   switch (activity) {
       case kCFRunLoopEntry: {
           CFRunLoopMode mode = CFRunLoopCopyCurrentMode(CFRunLoopGetCurrent());
           NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopEntry - %@", mode);
           CFRelease(mode);
           break;
       }
           
       case kCFRunLoopBeforeTimers: {
           CFRunLoopMode mode = CFRunLoopCopyCurrentMode(CFRunLoopGetCurrent());
           NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopBeforeTimers - %@", mode);
           CFRelease(mode);
           break;
       }
           
       case kCFRunLoopBeforeSources: {
           CFRunLoopMode mode = CFRunLoopCopyCurrentMode(CFRunLoopGetCurrent());
           NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopBeforeSources - %@", mode);
           CFRelease(mode);
           break;
       }
           
       case kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting: {
           CFRunLoopMode mode = CFRunLoopCopyCurrentMode(CFRunLoopGetCurrent());
           NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting - %@", mode);
           CFRelease(mode);
           break;
       }
           
       case kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting: {
           CFRunLoopMode mode = CFRunLoopCopyCurrentMode(CFRunLoopGetCurrent());
           NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting - %@", mode);
           CFRelease(mode);
           break;
       }
           
       case kCFRunLoopExit: {
           CFRunLoopMode mode = CFRunLoopCopyCurrentMode(CFRunLoopGetCurrent());
           NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopExit - %@", mode);
           CFRelease(mode);
           break;
       }
           
       default:
           break;
   }
});

// 添加Observer到RunLoop中
CFRunLoopAddObserver(CFRunLoopGetMain(), observer, kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
// 释放
CFRelease(observer);

RunLoop的运行逻辑

通过代码监听

我们可以通过添加观察者Observer的方式来监听RunLoop的状态以及模式变化

1.通过函数调用的方式来监听

// 创建Observer
// kCFRunLoopAllActivities：监听所有状态变化
CFRunLoopObserverRef observer = CFRunLoopObserverCreate(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFRunLoopAllActivities, YES, 0, observeRunLoopActicities, NULL);
// 添加Observer到RunLoop中
CFRunLoopAddObserver(CFRunLoopGetMain(), observer, kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
// 释放（C语言中create创建后要对应释放观察者）
CFRelease(observer);

void observeRunLoopActicities(CFRunLoopObserverRef observer, CFRunLoopActivity activity, void *info)
{
    switch (activity) {
        case kCFRunLoopEntry:
            NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopEntry");
            break;
        case kCFRunLoopBeforeTimers:
            NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopBeforeTimers");
            break;
        case kCFRunLoopBeforeSources:
            NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopBeforeSources");
            break;
        case kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting:
            NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting");
            break;
        case kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting:
            NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting");
            break;
        case kCFRunLoopExit:
            NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopExit");
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
}

2.通过block回调来监听

// 创建Observer
CFRunLoopObserverRef observer = CFRunLoopObserverCreateWithHandler(kCFAllocatorDefault, kCFRunLoopAllActivities, YES, 0, ^(CFRunLoopObserverRef observer, CFRunLoopActivity activity) {
   switch (activity) {
       case kCFRunLoopEntry: {
           CFRunLoopMode mode = CFRunLoopCopyCurrentMode(CFRunLoopGetCurrent());
           NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopEntry - %@", mode);
           CFRelease(mode);
           break;
       }
           
       case kCFRunLoopBeforeTimers: {
           CFRunLoopMode mode = CFRunLoopCopyCurrentMode(CFRunLoopGetCurrent());
           NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopBeforeTimers - %@", mode);
           CFRelease(mode);
           break;
       }
           
       case kCFRunLoopBeforeSources: {
           CFRunLoopMode mode = CFRunLoopCopyCurrentMode(CFRunLoopGetCurrent());
           NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopBeforeSources - %@", mode);
           CFRelease(mode);
           break;
       }
           
       case kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting: {
           CFRunLoopMode mode = CFRunLoopCopyCurrentMode(CFRunLoopGetCurrent());
           NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting - %@", mode);
           CFRelease(mode);
           break;
       }
           
       case kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting: {
           CFRunLoopMode mode = CFRunLoopCopyCurrentMode(CFRunLoopGetCurrent());
           NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting - %@", mode);
           CFRelease(mode);
           break;
       }
           
       case kCFRunLoopExit: {
           CFRunLoopMode mode = CFRunLoopCopyCurrentMode(CFRunLoopGetCurrent());
           NSLog(@"kCFRunLoopExit - %@", mode);
           CFRelease(mode);
           break;
       }
           
       default:
           break;
   }
});

// 添加Observer到RunLoop中
CFRunLoopAddObserver(CFRunLoopGetMain(), observer, kCFRunLoopCommonModes);
// 释放
CFRelease(observer);

在这里插入图片描述

通过源码分析
我们新建一个项目并运行，然后可以通过LLDB的命令bt来查看详细的调用过程
在这里插入图片描述

可以看到RunLoop的调用是从CFRunLoopRunSpecific函数开始的，那么我们在源码可以找到该函数的实现来进行分析

SInt32 CFRunLoopRunSpecific(CFRunLoopRef rl, CFStringRef modeName, CFTimeInterval seconds, Boolean returnAfterSourceHandled) {     /* DOES CALLOUT */
    CHECK_FOR_FORK();
    if (__CFRunLoopIsDeallocating(rl)) return kCFRunLoopRunFinished;
    __CFRunLoopLock(rl);
    CFRunLoopModeRef currentMode = __CFRunLoopFindMode(rl, modeName, false);
    if (NULL == currentMode || __CFRunLoopModeIsEmpty(rl, currentMode, rl->_currentMode)) {
	Boolean did = false;
	if (currentMode) __CFRunLoopModeUnlock(currentMode);
	__CFRunLoopUnlock(rl);
	return did ? kCFRunLoopRunHandledSource : kCFRunLoopRunFinished;
    }
    volatile _per_run_data *previousPerRun = __CFRunLoopPushPerRunData(rl);
    CFRunLoopModeRef previousMode = rl->_currentMode;
    rl->_currentMode = currentMode;
    int32_t result = kCFRunLoopRunFinished;

    // 通知observer进入Loop
	if (currentMode->_observerMask & kCFRunLoopEntry ) __CFRunLoopDoObservers(rl, currentMode, kCFRunLoopEntry);
    // 具体要做的事情
	result = __CFRunLoopRun(rl, currentMode, seconds, returnAfterSourceHandled, previousMode);
	if (currentMode->_observerMask & kCFRunLoopExit )
        // 通知observer，退出Loop
        __CFRunLoopDoObservers(rl, currentMode, kCFRunLoopExit);

        __CFRunLoopModeUnlock(currentMode);
        __CFRunLoopPopPerRunData(rl, previousPerRun);
	rl->_currentMode = previousMode;
    __CFRunLoopUnlock(rl);
    return result;
}

我们可以看到核心代码是在__CFRunLoopRun函数中

static int32_t __CFRunLoopRun(CFRunLoopRef rl, CFRunLoopModeRef rlm, CFTimeInterval seconds, Boolean stopAfterHandle, CFRunLoopModeRef previousMode) {
    uint64_t startTSR = mach_absolute_time();

    if (__CFRunLoopIsStopped(rl)) {
        __CFRunLoopUnsetStopped(rl);
	return kCFRunLoopRunStopped;
    } else if (rlm->_stopped) {
	rlm->_stopped = false;
	return kCFRunLoopRunStopped;
    }
    
    mach_port_name_t dispatchPort = MACH_PORT_NULL;
    Boolean libdispatchQSafe = pthread_main_np() && ((HANDLE_DISPATCH_ON_BASE_INVOCATION_ONLY && NULL == previousMode) || (!HANDLE_DISPATCH_ON_BASE_INVOCATION_ONLY && 0 == _CFGetTSD(__CFTSDKeyIsInGCDMainQ)));
    if (libdispatchQSafe && (CFRunLoopGetMain() == rl) && CFSetContainsValue(rl->_commonModes, rlm->_name)) dispatchPort = _dispatch_get_main_queue_port_4CF();
    
#if USE_DISPATCH_SOURCE_FOR_TIMERS
    mach_port_name_t modeQueuePort = MACH_PORT_NULL;
    if (rlm->_queue) {
        modeQueuePort = _dispatch_runloop_root_queue_get_port_4CF(rlm->_queue);
        if (!modeQueuePort) {
            CRASH("Unable to get port for run loop mode queue (%d)", -1);
        }
    }
#endif
    
    dispatch_source_t timeout_timer = NULL;
    struct __timeout_context *timeout_context = (struct __timeout_context *)malloc(sizeof(*timeout_context));
    if (seconds termTSR = 0ULL;
    } else if (seconds ds = timeout_timer;
	timeout_context->rl = (CFRunLoopRef)CFRetain(rl);
	timeout_context->termTSR = startTSR + __CFTimeIntervalToTSR(seconds);
	dispatch_set_context(timeout_timer, timeout_context); // source gets ownership of context
	dispatch_source_set_event_handler_f(timeout_timer, __CFRunLoopTimeout);
        dispatch_source_set_cancel_handler_f(timeout_timer, __CFRunLoopTimeoutCancel);
        uint64_t ns_at = (uint64_t)((__CFTSRToTimeInterval(startTSR) + seconds) * 1000000000ULL);
        dispatch_source_set_timer(timeout_timer, dispatch_time(1, ns_at), DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER, 1000ULL);
        dispatch_resume(timeout_timer);
    } else { // infinite timeout
        seconds = 9999999999.0;
        timeout_context->termTSR = UINT64_MAX;
    }

    Boolean didDispatchPortLastTime = true;
    int32_t retVal = 0;
    
    // ---- 循环具体做的事情 do...while ----
    do {
#if DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_MACOSX || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED_MINI
        voucher_mach_msg_state_t voucherState = VOUCHER_MACH_MSG_STATE_UNCHANGED;
        voucher_t voucherCopy = NULL;
#endif
        uint8_t msg_buffer[3 * 1024];
#if DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_MACOSX || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED_MINI
        mach_msg_header_t *msg = NULL;
        mach_port_t livePort = MACH_PORT_NULL;
        
        // windows平台
#elif DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_WINDOWS
        HANDLE livePort = NULL;
        Boolean windowsMessageReceived = false;
#endif
	__CFPortSet waitSet = rlm->_portSet;

        __CFRunLoopUnsetIgnoreWakeUps(rl);
        
        // 通知observer：即将处理timer
        if (rlm->_observerMask & kCFRunLoopBeforeTimers) __CFRunLoopDoObservers(rl, rlm, kCFRunLoopBeforeTimers);
        // 通知observer：即将处理sources
        if (rlm->_observerMask & kCFRunLoopBeforeSources) __CFRunLoopDoObservers(rl, rlm, kCFRunLoopBeforeSources);

    // 处理blocks
	__CFRunLoopDoBlocks(rl, rlm);
        // 处理source0
        Boolean sourceHandledThisLoop = __CFRunLoopDoSources0(rl, rlm, stopAfterHandle);
        if (sourceHandledThisLoop) {
            // 处理blocks
            __CFRunLoopDoBlocks(rl, rlm);
	}

        Boolean poll = sourceHandledThisLoop || (0ULL == timeout_context->termTSR);

        if (MACH_PORT_NULL != dispatchPort && !didDispatchPortLastTime) {
#if DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_MACOSX || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED_MINI
            msg = (mach_msg_header_t *)msg_buffer;
            // 判断有无source1
            if (__CFRunLoopServiceMachPort(dispatchPort, &msg, sizeof(msg_buffer), &livePort, 0, &voucherState, NULL)) {
                // 如果有就跳转到handle_msg
                goto handle_msg;
            }
#elif DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_WINDOWS
            if (__CFRunLoopWaitForMultipleObjects(NULL, &dispatchPort, 0, 0, &livePort, NULL)) {
                goto handle_msg;
            }
#endif
        }

        didDispatchPortLastTime = false;

	if (!poll && (rlm->_observerMask & kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting))
        // 通知observer：即将休眠
        __CFRunLoopDoObservers(rl, rlm, kCFRunLoopBeforeWaiting);
	__CFRunLoopSetSleeping(rl);
	// do not do any user callouts after this point (after notifying of sleeping)

        // Must push the local-to-this-activation ports in on every loop
        // iteration, as this mode could be run re-entrantly and we don't
        // want these ports to get serviced.

        __CFPortSetInsert(dispatchPort, waitSet);
        
	__CFRunLoopModeUnlock(rlm);
	__CFRunLoopUnlock(rl);

        CFAbsoluteTime sleepStart = poll ? 0.0 : CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent();

#if DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_MACOSX || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED_MINI
#if USE_DISPATCH_SOURCE_FOR_TIMERS
        do {
            if (kCFUseCollectableAllocator) {
                // objc_clear_stack(0);
                //memset(msg_buffer, 0, sizeof(msg_buffer));
            }
            msg = (mach_msg_header_t *)msg_buffer;
            
            // 等待别的消息来唤醒当前线程
            __CFRunLoopServiceMachPort(waitSet, &msg, sizeof(msg_buffer), &livePort, poll ? 0 : TIMEOUT_INFINITY, &voucherState, &voucherCopy);
            
            if (modeQueuePort != MACH_PORT_NULL && livePort == modeQueuePort) {
                // Drain the internal queue. If one of the callout blocks sets the timerFired flag, break out and service the timer.
                while (_dispatch_runloop_root_queue_perform_4CF(rlm->_queue));
                if (rlm->_timerFired) {
                    // Leave livePort as the queue port, and service timers below
                    rlm->_timerFired = false;
                    break;
                } else {
                    if (msg && msg != (mach_msg_header_t *)msg_buffer) free(msg);
                }
            } else {
                // Go ahead and leave the inner loop.
                break;
            }
        } while (1);
#else
        if (kCFUseCollectableAllocator) {
            // objc_clear_stack(0);
            //memset(msg_buffer, 0, sizeof(msg_buffer));
        }
        msg = (mach_msg_header_t *)msg_buffer;
        __CFRunLoopServiceMachPort(waitSet, &msg, sizeof(msg_buffer), &livePort, poll ? 0 : TIMEOUT_INFINITY, &voucherState, &voucherCopy);
#endif
        
        
#elif DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_WINDOWS
        // Here, use the app-supplied message queue mask. They will set this if they are interested in having this run loop receive windows messages.
        __CFRunLoopWaitForMultipleObjects(waitSet, NULL, poll ? 0 : TIMEOUT_INFINITY, rlm->_msgQMask, &livePort, &windowsMessageReceived);
#endif
        
        __CFRunLoopLock(rl);
        __CFRunLoopModeLock(rlm);

        rl->_sleepTime += (poll ? 0.0 : (CFAbsoluteTimeGetCurrent() - sleepStart));

        // Must remove the local-to-this-activation ports in on every loop
        // iteration, as this mode could be run re-entrantly and we don't
        // want these ports to get serviced. Also, we don't want them left
        // in there if this function returns.

        __CFPortSetRemove(dispatchPort, waitSet);
        
        __CFRunLoopSetIgnoreWakeUps(rl);

        // user callouts now OK again
	__CFRunLoopUnsetSleeping(rl);
	if (!poll && (rlm->_observerMask & kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting))
        // 通知observer：结束休眠
        __CFRunLoopDoObservers(rl, rlm, kCFRunLoopAfterWaiting);
        // 调用handle_msg
        handle_msg:;
        __CFRunLoopSetIgnoreWakeUps(rl);

#if DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_WINDOWS
        if (windowsMessageReceived) {
            // These Win32 APIs cause a callout, so make sure we're unlocked first and relocked after
            __CFRunLoopModeUnlock(rlm);
	    __CFRunLoopUnlock(rl);

            if (rlm->_msgPump) {
                rlm->_msgPump();
            } else {
                MSG msg;
                if (PeekMessage(&msg, NULL, 0, 0, PM_REMOVE | PM_NOYIELD)) {
                    TranslateMessage(&msg);
                    DispatchMessage(&msg);
                }
            }
            
            __CFRunLoopLock(rl);
	    __CFRunLoopModeLock(rlm);
 	    sourceHandledThisLoop = true;
            
            // To prevent starvation of sources other than the message queue, we check again to see if any other sources need to be serviced
            // Use 0 for the mask so windows messages are ignored this time. Also use 0 for the timeout, because we're just checking to see if the things are signalled right now -- we will wait on them again later.
            // NOTE: Ignore the dispatch source (it's not in the wait set anymore) and also don't run the observers here since we are polling.
            __CFRunLoopSetSleeping(rl);
            __CFRunLoopModeUnlock(rlm);
            __CFRunLoopUnlock(rl);
            
            __CFRunLoopWaitForMultipleObjects(waitSet, NULL, 0, 0, &livePort, NULL);
            
            __CFRunLoopLock(rl);
            __CFRunLoopModeLock(rlm);            
            __CFRunLoopUnsetSleeping(rl);
            // If we have a new live port then it will be handled below as normal
        }
        
        
#endif
        // 判断是怎么醒来的
        if (MACH_PORT_NULL == livePort) {
            CFRUNLOOP_WAKEUP_FOR_NOTHING();
            // handle nothing
        } else if (livePort == rl->_wakeUpPort) {
            CFRUNLOOP_WAKEUP_FOR_WAKEUP();
            // do nothing on Mac OS
#if DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_WINDOWS
            // Always reset the wake up port, or risk spinning forever
            ResetEvent(rl->_wakeUpPort);
#endif
        }
        
#if USE_DISPATCH_SOURCE_FOR_TIMERS
        // 被timer唤醒
        else if (modeQueuePort != MACH_PORT_NULL && livePort == modeQueuePort) {
            CFRUNLOOP_WAKEUP_FOR_TIMER();
            if (!__CFRunLoopDoTimers(rl, rlm, mach_absolute_time())) {
                // Re-arm the next timer, because we apparently fired early
                // 处理timers
                __CFArmNextTimerInMode(rlm, rl);
            }
        }
#endif
#if USE_MK_TIMER_TOO
        // 被timer唤醒
        else if (rlm->_timerPort != MACH_PORT_NULL && livePort == rlm->_timerPort) {
            CFRUNLOOP_WAKEUP_FOR_TIMER();
            // On Windows, we have observed an issue where the timer port is set before the time which we requested it to be set. For example, we set the fire time to be TSR 167646765860, but it is actually observed firing at TSR 167646764145, which is 1715 ticks early. The result is that, when __CFRunLoopDoTimers checks to see if any of the run loop timers should be firing, it appears to be 'too early' for the next timer, and no timers are handled.
            // In this case, the timer port has been automatically reset (since it was returned from MsgWaitForMultipleObjectsEx), and if we do not re-arm it, then no timers will ever be serviced again unless something adjusts the timer list (e.g. adding or removing timers). The fix for the issue is to reset the timer here if CFRunLoopDoTimers did not handle a timer itself. 9308754
            if (!__CFRunLoopDoTimers(rl, rlm, mach_absolute_time())) {
                // Re-arm the next timer
                // 处理timers
                __CFArmNextTimerInMode(rlm, rl);
            }
        }
#endif
        // 被gcd唤醒
        else if (livePort == dispatchPort) {
            CFRUNLOOP_WAKEUP_FOR_DISPATCH();
            __CFRunLoopModeUnlock(rlm);
            __CFRunLoopUnlock(rl);
            _CFSetTSD(__CFTSDKeyIsInGCDMainQ, (void *)6, NULL);
#if DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_WINDOWS
            void *msg = 0;
#endif
            // 处理gcd相关事情
            __CFRUNLOOP_IS_SERVICING_THE_MAIN_DISPATCH_QUEUE__(msg);
            _CFSetTSD(__CFTSDKeyIsInGCDMainQ, (void *)0, NULL);
            __CFRunLoopLock(rl);
            __CFRunLoopModeLock(rlm);
            sourceHandledThisLoop = true;
            didDispatchPortLastTime = true;
        } else {
            // 被source1唤醒
            CFRUNLOOP_WAKEUP_FOR_SOURCE();
            
            // If we received a voucher from this mach_msg, then put a copy of the new voucher into TSD. CFMachPortBoost will look in the TSD for the voucher. By using the value in the TSD we tie the CFMachPortBoost to this received mach_msg explicitly without a chance for anything in between the two pieces of code to set the voucher again.
            voucher_t previousVoucher = _CFSetTSD(__CFTSDKeyMachMessageHasVoucher, (void *)voucherCopy, os_release);

            // Despite the name, this works for windows handles as well
            CFRunLoopSourceRef rls = __CFRunLoopModeFindSourceForMachPort(rl, rlm, livePort);
            if (rls) {
#if DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_MACOSX || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED_MINI
            // 处理source1
		mach_msg_header_t *reply = NULL;
		sourceHandledThisLoop = __CFRunLoopDoSource1(rl, rlm, rls, msg, msg->msgh_size, &reply) || sourceHandledThisLoop;
		if (NULL != reply) {
		    (void)mach_msg(reply, MACH_SEND_MSG, reply->msgh_size, 0, MACH_PORT_NULL, 0, MACH_PORT_NULL);
		    CFAllocatorDeallocate(kCFAllocatorSystemDefault, reply);
		}
#elif DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_WINDOWS
                sourceHandledThisLoop = __CFRunLoopDoSource1(rl, rlm, rls) || sourceHandledThisLoop;
#endif
	    }
            
            // Restore the previous voucher
            _CFSetTSD(__CFTSDKeyMachMessageHasVoucher, previousVoucher, os_release);
            
        } 
#if DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_MACOSX || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED_MINI
        if (msg && msg != (mach_msg_header_t *)msg_buffer) free(msg);
#endif
    // 处理block
	__CFRunLoopDoBlocks(rl, rlm);
        
    // 根据retVal返回值来决定要做什么
	if (sourceHandledThisLoop && stopAfterHandle) {
	    retVal = kCFRunLoopRunHandledSource;
        } else if (timeout_context->termTSR < mach_absolute_time()) {
            retVal = kCFRunLoopRunTimedOut;
	} else if (__CFRunLoopIsStopped(rl)) {
            __CFRunLoopUnsetStopped(rl);
	    retVal = kCFRunLoopRunStopped;
	} else if (rlm->_stopped) {
	    rlm->_stopped = false;
	    retVal = kCFRunLoopRunStopped;
	} else if (__CFRunLoopModeIsEmpty(rl, rlm, previousMode)) {
	    retVal = kCFRunLoopRunFinished;
	}
        
#if DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_MACOSX || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED || DEPLOYMENT_TARGET_EMBEDDED_MINI
        voucher_mach_msg_revert(voucherState);
        os_release(voucherCopy);
#endif

    } while (0 == retVal);
    // ---- 循环结束 -----
    
    
    if (timeout_timer) {
        dispatch_source_cancel(timeout_timer);
        dispatch_release(timeout_timer);
    } else {
        free(timeout_context);
    }

    // 如果不等于0就退出loop
    return retVal;
}

细节分析
在__CFRunLoopDoObservers函数里会调用通知observer的代码来执行__CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_AN_OBSERVER_CALLBACK_FUNCTION__

static void __CFRunLoopDoObservers(CFRunLoopRef rl, CFRunLoopModeRef rlm, CFRunLoopActivity activity) {	/* DOES CALLOUT */
    CHECK_FOR_FORK();

    CFIndex cnt = rlm->_observers ? CFArrayGetCount(rlm->_observers) : 0;
    if (cnt < 1) return;

    /* Fire the observers */
    STACK_BUFFER_DECL(CFRunLoopObserverRef, buffer, (cnt <= 1024) ? cnt : 1);
    CFRunLoopObserverRef *collectedObservers = (cnt <= 1024) ? buffer : (CFRunLoopObserverRef *)malloc(cnt * sizeof(CFRunLoopObserverRef));
    CFIndex obs_cnt = 0;
    for (CFIndex idx = 0; idx < cnt; idx++) {
        CFRunLoopObserverRef rlo = (CFRunLoopObserverRef)CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(rlm->_observers, idx);
        if (0 != (rlo->_activities & activity) && __CFIsValid(rlo) && !__CFRunLoopObserverIsFiring(rlo)) {
            collectedObservers[obs_cnt++] = (CFRunLoopObserverRef)CFRetain(rlo);
        }
    }
    __CFRunLoopModeUnlock(rlm);
    __CFRunLoopUnlock(rl);
    for (CFIndex idx = 0; idx < obs_cnt; idx++) {
        CFRunLoopObserverRef rlo = collectedObservers[idx];
        __CFRunLoopObserverLock(rlo);
        if (__CFIsValid(rlo)) {
            Boolean doInvalidate = !__CFRunLoopObserverRepeats(rlo);
            __CFRunLoopObserverSetFiring(rlo);
            __CFRunLoopObserverUnlock(rlo);
            // 这句才是真正处理observer的代码
            __CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_AN_OBSERVER_CALLBACK_FUNCTION__(rlo->_callout, rlo, activity, rlo->_context.info);
            if (doInvalidate) {
                CFRunLoopObserverInvalidate(rlo);
            }
            __CFRunLoopObserverUnsetFiring(rlo);
        } else {
            __CFRunLoopObserverUnlock(rlo);
        }
        CFRelease(rlo);
    }
    __CFRunLoopLock(rl);
    __CFRunLoopModeLock(rlm);

    if (collectedObservers != buffer) free(collectedObservers);
}

在__CFRunLoopDoSources0函数中会调用处理Source0的代码__CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_SOURCE0_PERFORM_FUNCTION__

static Boolean __CFRunLoopDoSources0(CFRunLoopRef rl, CFRunLoopModeRef rlm, Boolean stopAfterHandle) {	/* DOES CALLOUT */
    CHECK_FOR_FORK();
    CFTypeRef sources = NULL;
    Boolean sourceHandled = false;

    /* Fire the version 0 sources */
    if (NULL != rlm->_sources0 && 0 < CFSetGetCount(rlm->_sources0)) {
	CFSetApplyFunction(rlm->_sources0, (__CFRunLoopCollectSources0), &sources);
    }
    if (NULL != sources) {
	__CFRunLoopModeUnlock(rlm);
	__CFRunLoopUnlock(rl);
	// sources is either a single (retained) CFRunLoopSourceRef or an array of (retained) CFRunLoopSourceRef
	if (CFGetTypeID(sources) == CFRunLoopSourceGetTypeID()) {
	    CFRunLoopSourceRef rls = (CFRunLoopSourceRef)sources;
	    __CFRunLoopSourceLock(rls);
            if (__CFRunLoopSourceIsSignaled(rls)) {
	        __CFRunLoopSourceUnsetSignaled(rls);
	        if (__CFIsValid(rls)) {
	            __CFRunLoopSourceUnlock(rls);
                // 这句才是处理source0的真正的代码
                    __CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_SOURCE0_PERFORM_FUNCTION__(rls->_context.version0.perform, rls->_context.version0.info);
	            CHECK_FOR_FORK();
	            sourceHandled = true;
	        } else {
	            __CFRunLoopSourceUnlock(rls);
	        }
            } else {
                __CFRunLoopSourceUnlock(rls);
            }
	} else {
	    CFIndex cnt = CFArrayGetCount((CFArrayRef)sources);
	    CFArraySortValues((CFMutableArrayRef)sources, CFRangeMake(0, cnt), (__CFRunLoopSourceComparator), NULL);
	    for (CFIndex idx = 0; idx < cnt; idx++) {
		CFRunLoopSourceRef rls = (CFRunLoopSourceRef)CFArrayGetValueAtIndex((CFArrayRef)sources, idx);
		__CFRunLoopSourceLock(rls);
                if (__CFRunLoopSourceIsSignaled(rls)) {
		    __CFRunLoopSourceUnsetSignaled(rls);
		    if (__CFIsValid(rls)) {
		        __CFRunLoopSourceUnlock(rls);
                        __CFRUNLOOP_IS_CALLING_OUT_TO_A_SOURCE0_PERFORM_FUNCTION__(rls->_context.version0.perform, rls->_context.version0.info);
		        CHECK_FOR_FORK();
		        sourceHandled = true;
		    } else {
		        __CFRunLoopSourceUnlock(rls);
		    }
                } else {
                    __CFRunLoopSourceUnlock(rls);
                }
		if (stopAfterHandle && sourceHandled) {
		    break;
		}
	    }
	}
	CFRelease(sources);
	__CFRunLoopLock(rl);
	__CFRunLoopModeLock(rlm);
    }
    return sourceHandled;
}

__CFRunLoopServiceMachPort意味着RunLoop进入睡眠，也就是会阻塞当前线程，不再往后执行代码；只有当RunLoop被唤醒才会继续执行后面的代码。这种阻塞是真正的阻塞，线程会进入休息，不再做任何事情，和写个死循环的阻塞是不一样的，死循环还是会执行代码，线程还是要一直工作的

static Boolean __CFRunLoopServiceMachPort(mach_port_name_t port, mach_msg_header_t **buffer, size_t buffer_size, mach_port_t *livePort, mach_msg_timeout_t timeout, voucher_mach_msg_state_t *voucherState, voucher_t *voucherCopy) {
    Boolean originalBuffer = true;
    kern_return_t ret = KERN_SUCCESS;
    for (;;) {		/* In that sleep of death what nightmares may come ... */
        mach_msg_header_t *msg = (mach_msg_header_t *)*buffer;
        msg->msgh_bits = 0;
        msg->msgh_local_port = port;
        msg->msgh_remote_port = MACH_PORT_NULL;
        msg->msgh_size = buffer_size;
        msg->msgh_id = 0;
        if (TIMEOUT_INFINITY == timeout) { CFRUNLOOP_SLEEP(); } else { CFRUNLOOP_POLL(); }
        
        // 内核层面的api调用
        ret = mach_msg(msg, MACH_RCV_MSG|(voucherState ? MACH_RCV_VOUCHER : 0)|MACH_RCV_LARGE|((TIMEOUT_INFINITY != timeout) ? MACH_RCV_TIMEOUT : 0)|MACH_RCV_TRAILER_TYPE(MACH_MSG_TRAILER_FORMAT_0)|MACH_RCV_TRAILER_ELEMENTS(MACH_RCV_TRAILER_AV), 0, msg->msgh_size, port, timeout, MACH_PORT_NULL);

        // Take care of all voucher-related work right after mach_msg.
        // If we don't release the previous voucher we're going to leak it.
        voucher_mach_msg_revert(*voucherState);
        
        // Someone will be responsible for calling voucher_mach_msg_revert. This call makes the received voucher the current one.
        *voucherState = voucher_mach_msg_adopt(msg);
        
        if (voucherCopy) {
            if (*voucherState != VOUCHER_MACH_MSG_STATE_UNCHANGED) {
                // Caller requested a copy of the voucher at this point. By doing this right next to mach_msg we make sure that no voucher has been set in between the return of mach_msg and the use of the voucher copy.
                // CFMachPortBoost uses the voucher to drop importance explicitly. However, we want to make sure we only drop importance for a new voucher (not unchanged), so we only set the TSD when the voucher is not state_unchanged.
                *voucherCopy = voucher_copy();
            } else {
                *voucherCopy = NULL;
            }
        }

        CFRUNLOOP_WAKEUP(ret);
        if (MACH_MSG_SUCCESS == ret) {
            *livePort = msg ? msg->msgh_local_port : MACH_PORT_NULL;
            return true;
        }
        if (MACH_RCV_TIMED_OUT == ret) {
            if (!originalBuffer) free(msg);
            *buffer = NULL;
            *livePort = MACH_PORT_NULL;
            return false;
        }
        if (MACH_RCV_TOO_LARGE != ret) break;
        buffer_size = round_msg(msg->msgh_size + MAX_TRAILER_SIZE);
        if (originalBuffer) *buffer = NULL;
        originalBuffer = false;
        *buffer = realloc(*buffer, buffer_size);
    }
    HALT;
    return false;
}

通过源码我们可以看到内部会调用内核层面的API来进行真正的休眠

调用API我们可以分为用户态和内核态的两种状态切换，RunLoop进入睡眠就是从用户态切换到内核态的调用，然后有消息唤醒线程时再切换到用户态来处理事件
在这里插入图片描述

总结

RunLoop的整个运行逻辑可以用下图来表述
在这里插入图片描述

以__CFRUNLOOP_IS_开头的大写函数都是真正去实行调用的函数

RunLoop对GCD的特殊处理

我们运行下面代码，并在GCD的回调里打断点，通过LLDB的指令bt打印来查看RunLoop的执行过程

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
   
   dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{
        
        // 处理一些子线程的逻辑
        
        // 回到主线程去刷新UI界面
        dispatch_async(dispatch_get_main_queue(), ^{
            NSLog(@"11111111111");
        });
    });
}
@end

可以看到RunLoop会处理GCD的回到主线程的调用情况，其他时候GCD都是有自己的逻辑去处理的，所以这是一个特殊情况
在这里插入图片描述

[RunLoop的实际应用]

(https://blog.csdn.net/Z1591090/article/details/118191122)

Z苗

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iOS底层原理 RunLoop

什么是RunLoop从字面意思来看，就是运行循环的意思，其实就是在程序运行过程中循环做一些事情RunLoop的应用范畴定时器（Timer）、PerformSelector- GCD Async Main Queue- 事件响应、手势识别、界面刷新- 网络请求- AutoreleasePool在main函数中，如果没有RunLoop，那么下面代码执行完第三行后就会退出程序int main(int argc, char * argv[]) { @autoreleasepool {
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