流程
下面附上一张FFmpeg编码视频的流程图。通过该流程,不仅可以编码H.264/H.265的码流,而且可以编码MPEG4/MPEG2/VP9/VP8等多种码流。实际上使用FFmpeg编码视频的方式都是一样的。图中蓝色背景的函数是实际输出数据的函数。浅绿色的函数是视频编码的函数。
简单介绍一下流程中各个函数的意义
av_register_all():注册FFmpeg所有编解码器。
avformat_alloc_output_context2():初始化输出码流的AVFormatContext。
avio_open():打开输出文件。
av_new_stream():创建输出码流的AVStream。
avcodec_find_encoder():查找编码器。
avcodec_open2():打开编码器。
avformat_write_header():写文件头(对于某些没有文件头的封装格式,不需要此函数。比如说MPEG2TS)。
avcodec_encode_video2():编码一帧视频。即将AVFrame(存储YUV像素数据)编码为AVPacket(存储H.264等格式的码流数据)。
av_write_frame():将编码后的视频码流写入文件。
flush_encoder():输入的像素数据读取完成后调用此函数。用于输出编码器中剩余的AVPacket。
av_write_trailer():写文件尾(对于某些没有文件头的封装格式,不需要此函数。比如说MPEG2TS)。
代码
下面直接贴上代码- *
- * 本程序实现了YUV像素数据编码为视频码流(HEVC(H.265),H264,MPEG2,VP8等等)。
- * 是最简单的FFmpeg视频编码方面的教程。
- * 通过学习本例子可以了解FFmpeg的编码流程。
- * This software encode YUV420P data to HEVC(H.265) bitstream (or
- * H.264, MPEG2, VP8 etc.).
- * It's the simplest video encoding software based on FFmpeg.
- * Suitable for beginner of FFmpeg
- */
- #include <stdio.h>
- extern "C"
- {
- #include "libavutil\opt.h"
- #include "libavcodec\avcodec.h"
- #include "libavformat\avformat.h"
- #include "libswscale\swscale.h"
- };
- int flush_encoder(AVFormatContext *fmt_ctx,unsigned int stream_index)
- {
- int ret;
- int got_frame;
- AVPacket enc_pkt;
- if (!(fmt_ctx->streams[stream_index]->codec->codec->capabilities &
- CODEC_CAP_DELAY))
- return 0;
- while (1) {
- printf("Flushing stream #%u encoder\n", stream_index);
- //ret = encode_write_frame(NULL, stream_index, &got_frame);
- enc_pkt.data = NULL;
- enc_pkt.size = 0;
- av_init_packet(&enc_pkt);
- ret = avcodec_encode_video2 (fmt_ctx->streams[stream_index]->codec, &enc_pkt,
- NULL, &got_frame);
- av_frame_free(NULL);
- if (ret < 0)
- break;
- if (!got_frame){
- ret=0;
- break;
- }
- printf("Succeed to encode 1 frame! 编码成功1帧!\n");
- /* mux encoded frame */
- ret = av_write_frame(fmt_ctx, &enc_pkt);
- if (ret < 0)
- break;
- }
- return ret;
- }
- int main(int argc, char* argv[])
- {
- AVFormatContext* pFormatCtx;
- AVOutputFormat* fmt;
- AVStream* video_st;
- AVCodecContext* pCodecCtx;
- AVCodec* pCodec;
- uint8_t* picture_buf;
- AVFrame* picture;
- int size;
- //FILE *in_file = fopen("src01_480x272.yuv", "rb"); //Input YUV data 视频YUV源文件
- FILE *in_file = fopen("ds_480x272.yuv", "rb"); //Input YUV data 视频YUV源文件
- int in_w=480,in_h=272;//宽高
- //Frames to encode
- int framenum=100;
- //const char* out_file = "src01.h264"; //Output Filepath 输出文件路径
- //const char* out_file = "src01.ts";
- //const char* out_file = "src01.hevc";
- const char* out_file = "ds.hevc";
- av_register_all();
- //Method1 方法1.组合使用几个函数
- pFormatCtx = avformat_alloc_context();
- //Guess Format 猜格式
- fmt = av_guess_format(NULL, out_file, NULL);
- pFormatCtx->oformat = fmt;
- //Method 2 方法2.更加自动化一些
- //avformat_alloc_output_context2(&pFormatCtx, NULL, NULL, out_file);
- //fmt = pFormatCtx->oformat;
- //Output Format 注意输出路径
- if (avio_open(&pFormatCtx->pb,out_file, AVIO_FLAG_READ_WRITE) < 0)
- {
- printf("Failed to open output file! 输出文件打开失败");
- return -1;
- }
- video_st = avformat_new_stream(pFormatCtx, 0);
- video_st->time_base.num = 1;
- video_st->time_base.den = 25;
- if (video_st==NULL)
- {
- return -1;
- }
- //Param that must set
- pCodecCtx = video_st->codec;
- //pCodecCtx->codec_id =AV_CODEC_ID_HEVC;
- pCodecCtx->codec_id = fmt->video_codec;
- pCodecCtx->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
- pCodecCtx->pix_fmt = PIX_FMT_YUV420P;
- pCodecCtx->width = in_w;
- pCodecCtx->height = in_h;
- pCodecCtx->time_base.num = 1;
- pCodecCtx->time_base.den = 25;
- pCodecCtx->bit_rate = 400000;
- pCodecCtx->gop_size=250;
- //H264
- //pCodecCtx->me_range = 16;
- //pCodecCtx->max_qdiff = 4;
- //pCodecCtx->qcompress = 0.6;
- pCodecCtx->qmin = 10;
- pCodecCtx->qmax = 51;
- //Optional Param
- pCodecCtx->max_b_frames=3;
- // Set Option
- AVDictionary *param = 0;
- //H.264
- if(pCodecCtx->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H264) {
- av_dict_set(?m, "preset", "slow", 0);
- av_dict_set(?m, "tune", "zerolatency", 0);
- }
- //H.265
- if(pCodecCtx->codec_id == AV_CODEC_ID_H265){
- av_dict_set(?m, "x265-params", "qp=20", 0);
- av_dict_set(?m, "preset", "ultrafast", 0);
- av_dict_set(?m, "tune", "zero-latency", 0);
- }
- //Dump Information 输出格式信息
- av_dump_format(pFormatCtx, 0, out_file, 1);
- pCodec = avcodec_find_encoder(pCodecCtx->codec_id);
- if (!pCodec){
- printf("Can not find encoder! 没有找到合适的编码器!\n");
- return -1;
- }
- if (avcodec_open2(pCodecCtx, pCodec,?m) < 0){
- printf("Failed to open encoder! 编码器打开失败!\n");
- return -1;
- }
- picture = avcodec_alloc_frame();
- size = avpicture_get_size(pCodecCtx->pix_fmt, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);
- picture_buf = (uint8_t *)av_malloc(size);
- avpicture_fill((AVPicture *)picture, picture_buf, pCodecCtx->pix_fmt, pCodecCtx->width, pCodecCtx->height);
- //Write File Header 写文件头
- avformat_write_header(pFormatCtx,NULL);
- AVPacket pkt;
- int y_size = pCodecCtx->width * pCodecCtx->height;
- av_new_packet(&pkt,y_size*3);
- for (int i=0; i<framenum; i++){
- //Read YUV 读入YUV
- if (fread(picture_buf, 1, y_size*3/2, in_file) < 0){
- printf("Failed to read YUV data! 文件读取错误\n");
- return -1;
- }else if(feof(in_file)){
- break;
- }
- picture->data[0] = picture_buf; // 亮度Y
- picture->data[1] = picture_buf+ y_size; // U
- picture->data[2] = picture_buf+ y_size*5/4; // V
- //PTS
- picture->pts=i;
- int got_picture=0;
- //Encode 编码
- int ret = avcodec_encode_video2(pCodecCtx, &pkt,picture, &got_picture);
- if(ret < 0){
- printf("Failed to encode! 编码错误!\n");
- return -1;
- }
- if (got_picture==1){
- printf("Succeed to encode 1 frame! 编码成功1帧!\n");
- pkt.stream_index = video_st->index;
- ret = av_write_frame(pFormatCtx, &pkt);
- av_free_packet(&pkt);
- }
- }
- //Flush Encoder
- int ret = flush_encoder(pFormatCtx,0);
- if (ret < 0) {
- printf("Flushing encoder failed\n");
- return -1;
- }
- //Write file trailer 写文件尾
- av_write_trailer(pFormatCtx);
- //Clean 清理
- if (video_st){
- avcodec_close(video_st->codec);
- av_free(picture);
- av_free(picture_buf);
- }
- avio_close(pFormatCtx->pb);
- avformat_free_context(pFormatCtx);
- fclose(in_file);
- return 0;
- }
-
雷霄骅 (Lei Xiaohua)
leixiaohua1020@126.com
http://blog.csdn.net/leixiaohua1020
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