史上最简单的手机app教程 基于Corona SDK（2）

Lua是一门占用资源少，跨平台，并且可以灵活扩展的编程语言

1、Lua特性

1.1.变量

  不能以数字开头。变量名大小写有区别。Lua中系统保留字不能当作变量名使用的：and  break do  else  elseif  end false  for  function  if  in  local  nil  not  or  repeat  return  then true  until  while .

1.2.字符串

字符串用单引号或者双引号界定，如'Lua'和“Lua”都是有效的。转义字符可以用类似C的方式在前面加反斜线（\），并将它们包含在单引号或者双引号当中。

1.3.数字

print(5)                ------5 这是小数数字

print(5.3)            -------5.3 这是浮点型数字

print(5.31e-2)    -------0.0531这是科学计数数字

print(0xfeed)     -------65261 这是十六制数字

1.4.类型

    1）nil    nil相当于null。假如一个变量，最后引用的值没有被垃圾回收器清空，你可以将这个变量设置为nil，表明其引用可以被垃圾回收器回收。

    2）boolean   包含true 和false ,用于进行条件判断

    3）number    可以定义为小数，长整型 整型 十六进制 和浮点型 。Lua中的数字会存储为双精度浮点数

    4）函数 function

    5）string     通常定义为8位纯字符串

    6）线程   是一个特殊的变量，它指定一个独立的执行线程。跟操作系统的线程不一样

    7）table表    就是数组、关联数组、集合、记录（records）、列表（Lists）、树(Trees)以及对象

2、Lua运算符

2.1   算数运算符

+  -  *  /  加减乘除   % 求余   ^指数   -负数

2.2   关系运算符

== 等于（等于）  ~= 不等于     < 小于     >大于     <=小于或者等于    >=大于或等于   

2.3   逻辑运算符

and  or  not

2.4   其他运算符

连接符：..

长度运算符：#

比如 print(#"this is a long string")------输出字符串的长度21

3、如何制作按钮

所需要的图片和.lua文件均需要放在同一个文件夹中，这里新建ui.lua,表示按钮，供main.lua调用

以下就是ui.lua的代码：

module(..., package.seeall)

-----------------
-- Helper function for newButton utility function below
local function newButtonHandler( self, event )

	local result = true

	local default = self[1]
	local over = self[2]
	
	-- General "onEvent" function overrides onPress and onRelease, if present
	local onEvent = self._onEvent
	
	local onPress = self._onPress
	local onRelease = self._onRelease

	local buttonEvent = {}
	if (self._id) then
		buttonEvent.id = self._id
	end

	local phase = event.phase
	if "began" == phase then
		if over then 
			default.isVisible = false
			over.isVisible = true
		end

		if onEvent then
			buttonEvent.phase = "press"
			result = onEvent( buttonEvent )
		elseif onPress then
			result = onPress( event )
		end

		-- Subsequent touch events will target button even if they are outside the stageBounds of button
		display.getCurrentStage():setFocus( self, event.id )
		self.isFocus = true
		
	elseif self.isFocus then
		local bounds = self.stageBounds
		local x,y = event.x,event.y
		local isWithinBounds = 
			bounds.xMin <= x and bounds.xMax >= x and bounds.yMin <= y and bounds.yMax >= y

		if "moved" == phase then
			if over then
				-- The rollover image should only be visible while the finger is within button's stageBounds
				default.isVisible = not isWithinBounds
				over.isVisible = isWithinBounds
			end
			
		elseif "ended" == phase or "cancelled" == phase then 
			if over then 
				default.isVisible = true
				over.isVisible = false
			end
			
			if "ended" == phase then
				-- Only consider this a "click" if the user lifts their finger inside button's stageBounds
				if isWithinBounds then
					if onEvent then
						buttonEvent.phase = "release"
						result = onEvent( buttonEvent )
					elseif onRelease then
						result = onRelease( event )
					end
				end
			end
			
			-- Allow touch events to be sent normally to the objects they "hit"
			display.getCurrentStage():setFocus( self, nil )
			self.isFocus = false
		end
	end

	return result
end


---------------
-- Button class

function newButton( params )
	local button, defaultSrc , defaultX , defaultY , overSrc , overX , overY , size, font, textColor, offset
	
	if params.defaultSrc then
		button = display.newGroup()
		default = display.newImageRect ( params.defaultSrc , params.defaultX , params.defaultY )
		button:insert( default, true )
	end
	
	if params.overSrc then
		over = display.newImageRect ( params.overSrc , params.overX , params.overY )
		over.isVisible = false
		button:insert( over, true )
	end
	
	-- Public methods
	function button:setText( newText )
	
		local labelText = self.text
		if ( labelText ) then
			labelText:removeSelf()
			self.text = nil
		end

		local labelShadow = self.shadow
		if ( labelShadow ) then
			labelShadow:removeSelf()
			self.shadow = nil
		end

		local labelHighlight = self.highlight
		if ( labelHighlight ) then
			labelHighlight:removeSelf()
			self.highlight = nil
		end
		
		if ( params.size and type(params.size) == "number" ) then size=params.size else size=20 end
		if ( params.font ) then font=params.font else font=native.systemFontBold end
		if ( params.textColor ) then textColor=params.textColor else textColor={ 255, 255, 255, 255 } end
		
		size = size * 2
		
		-- Optional vertical correction for fonts with unusual baselines (I'm looking at you, Zapfino)
		if ( params.offset and type(params.offset) == "number" ) then offset=params.offset else offset = 0 end
		
		if ( params.emboss ) then
			-- Make the label text look "embossed" (also adjusts effect for textColor brightness)
			local textBrightness = ( textColor[1] + textColor[2] + textColor[3] ) / 3
			
			labelHighlight = display.newText( newText, 0, 0, font, size )
			if ( textBrightness > 127) then
				labelHighlight:setTextColor( 255, 255, 255, 20 )
			else
				labelHighlight:setTextColor( 255, 255, 255, 140 )
			end
			button:insert( labelHighlight, true )
			labelHighlight.x = labelHighlight.x + 1.5; labelHighlight.y = labelHighlight.y + 1.5 + offset
			self.highlight = labelHighlight

			labelShadow = display.newText( newText, 0, 0, font, size )
			if ( textBrightness > 127) then
				labelShadow:setTextColor( 0, 0, 0, 128 )
			else
				labelShadow:setTextColor( 0, 0, 0, 20 )
			end
			button:insert( labelShadow, true )
			labelShadow.x = labelShadow.x - 1; labelShadow.y = labelShadow.y - 1 + offset
			self.shadow = labelShadow
			
			labelHighlight.xScale = .5; labelHighlight.yScale = .5
			labelShadow.xScale = .5; labelShadow.yScale = .5
		end
		
		labelText = display.newText( newText, 0, 0, font, size )
		labelText:setTextColor( textColor[1], textColor[2], textColor[3], textColor[4] )
		button:insert( labelText, true )
		labelText.y = labelText.y + offset
		self.text = labelText
		
		labelText.xScale = .5; labelText.yScale = .5
	end
	
	if params.text then
		button:setText( params.text )
	end
	
	if ( params.onPress and ( type(params.onPress) == "function" ) ) then
		button._onPress = params.onPress
	end
	if ( params.onRelease and ( type(params.onRelease) == "function" ) ) then
		button._onRelease = params.onRelease
	end
	
	if (params.onEvent and ( type(params.onEvent) == "function" ) ) then
		button._onEvent = params.onEvent
	end
	
	-- set button to active (meaning, can be pushed)
	button.isActive = true
	
	-- Set button as a table listener by setting a table method and adding the button as its own table listener for "touch" events
	button.touch = newButtonHandler
	button:addEventListener( "touch", button )

	if params.x then
		button.x = params.x
	end
	
	if params.y then
		button.y = params.y
	end
	
	if params.id then
		button._id = params.id
	end

	return button
end


--------------
-- Label class

function newLabel( params )
	local labelText
	local size, font, textColor, align
	local t = display.newGroup()
	
	if ( params.bounds ) then
		local bounds = params.bounds
		local left = bounds[1]
		local top = bounds[2]
		local width = bounds[3]
		local height = bounds[4]
	
		if ( params.size and type(params.size) == "number" ) then size=params.size else size=20 end
		if ( params.font ) then font=params.font else font=native.systemFontBold end
		if ( params.textColor ) then textColor=params.textColor else textColor={ 255, 255, 255, 255 } end
		if ( params.offset and type(params.offset) == "number" ) then offset=params.offset else offset = 0 end
		if ( params.align ) then align = params.align else align = "center" end
		
		if ( params.text ) then
			labelText = display.newText( params.text, 0, 0, font, size )
			labelText:setTextColor( textColor[1], textColor[2], textColor[3], textColor[4] )
			t:insert( labelText )
			-- TODO: handle no-initial-text case by creating a field with an empty string?
	
			if ( align == "left" ) then
				labelText.x = left + labelText.stageWidth * 0.5
			elseif ( align == "right" ) then
				labelText.x = (left + width) - labelText.stageWidth * 0.5
			else
				labelText.x = ((2 * left) + width) * 0.5
			end
		end
		
		labelText.y = top + labelText.stageHeight * 0.5

		-- Public methods
		function t:setText( newText )
			if ( newText ) then
				labelText.text = newText
				
				if ( "left" == align ) then
					labelText.x = left + labelText.stageWidth / 2
				elseif ( "right" == align ) then
					labelText.x = (left + width) - labelText.stageWidth / 2
				else
					labelText.x = ((2 * left) + width) / 2
				end
			end
		end
		
		function t:setTextColor( r, g, b, a )
			local newR = 255
			local newG = 255
			local newB = 255
			local newA = 255

			if ( r and type(r) == "number" ) then newR = r end
			if ( g and type(g) == "number" ) then newG = g end
			if ( b and type(b) == "number" ) then newB = b end
			if ( a and type(a) == "number" ) then newA = a end

			labelText:setTextColor( r, g, b, a )
		end
	end
	
	-- Return instance (as display group)
	return t
	
end

大家在main.lua中直接调用，比如 点击该按钮就操作什么事情

local ui = require("ui")

local on1Touched = function(event)
    if event.phase=="press" then 
        print"just pressed sound button 1"
    end
end

local sound1Button =ui.newButton{
        defaulSrc ="1.png",
        defaultX=54,
        defaultY=224,
        overSrc="1P.png"
        overX=51,
        overY=224,
        onEvent=on1Tounched， ----按下键需要做什么事情  
｝