8、引入依赖注入
8.1 创建工程
8.1.1 CustomerDao
package com.zhc1024.dao;
public interface CustomerDao {
void save();
}
8.1.2 CustomerDaoImpl
package com.zhc1024.dao.impl;
import com.zhc1024.dao.CustomerDao;
public class CustomerDaoImpl implements CustomerDao {
public CustomerDaoImpl (){
System.out.println("我是构造方法");
}
public void save() {
System.out.println("保存成功!");
}
}
8.1.3 CustomerService
package com.zhc1024.service;
public interface CustomerService {
void save();
}
8.1.4 CustomerServiceImpl
package com.zhc1024.service.impl;
import com.zhc1024.dao.CustomerDao;
import com.zhc1024.dao.impl.CustomerDaoImpl;
import com.zhc1024.service.CustomerService;
public class CustomerServiceImpl implements CustomerService {
private CustomerDao customerDao = new CustomerDaoImpl();
public void save() {
customerDao.save();
}
}
8.1.5 CustomerController
package com.zhc1024.controller;
import com.zhc1024.service.CustomerService;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class CustomerController {
public static void main(String[] args) {
ApplicationContext ac = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean.xml");
CustomerService service = (CustomerService) ac.getBean("service");
service.save();
}
}
8.1.6 运行结果
上面是正常的程序,下面我们根据Spring的思想:IOC帮我们实例对象。我们在Service实现类那里做一下修改,看看运行结果
8.1.7 修改CustomerServiceImpl
package com.zhc1024.service.impl;
import com.zhc1024.dao.CustomerDao;
import com.zhc1024.service.CustomerService;
public class CustomerServiceImpl implements CustomerService {
//我不new了,按照Spring的思想是容器给我提供对象,我只是声明而已
private CustomerDao customerDao;
public void save() {
customerDao.save();
}
}
运行结果
这是因为我们还有把对象放到IOC容器里面,也就是说还没有和Spring扯上关系,所以它自然不会帮我们创建和管理对象了,接下来我们就学习一下Spring的注入依赖
9、依赖注入(构造方法注入)
9.1 改造CustomerDaoImpl
package com.zhc1024.dao.impl;
import com.zhc1024.dao.CustomerDao;
import java.util.Date;
public class CustomerDaoImpl implements CustomerDao {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
private Date birthday;
public CustomerDaoImpl(int id, String name,int age, Date birthday) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age =age;
this.birthday = birthday;
}
/**
* 保存客户
*/
public void save() {
System.out.println("id="+id+",name="+name+",age="+age+",birthday="+birthday);
}
}
9.2 改造bean.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--
constructor-arg标签的属性及其作用:
index:成员变量在构造方法参数列表中的索引
name:成员变量的属性名称
type:成员变量的类型
value:给java简单类型的成员变量赋值(八种简单类型和String类型)
ref:引用 其他bean类型的值
-->
<bean id="customer" class="com.zhc1024.dao.impl.CustomerDaoImpl">
<constructor-arg index="0" value="1"/><!--可以使用下表表示-->
<constructor-arg name="name" value="张三"/><!--也可以使用name-value的形式-->
<constructor-arg name="age" value="18"/>
<constructor-arg name="birthday" ref="date"/><!--ref表示引用-->
</bean>
<!--配置 时间-->
<bean id="date" class="java.util.Date"/>
</beans>
9.3 改造controller和运行结果
10、依赖注入(set方法注入)
10.1 改造CustomerDaoImpl
package com.zhc1024.dao.impl;
import com.zhc1024.dao.CustomerDao;
import java.util.Date;
public class CustomerDaoImpl implements CustomerDao {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
private Date birthday;
public void setId(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
this.birthday = birthday;
}
public CustomerDaoImpl(int id, String name, int age, Date birthday) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age =age;
this.birthday = birthday;
}
/**
* 保存客户操作
*/
public void save() {
System.out.println("id="+id+",name="+name+",age="+age+",birthday="+birthday);
}
}
10.2 修改bean.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--
set注入:
property:指定通过set方法赋值
value:给java简单类型的成员变量赋值(八种简单类型和String类型)
ref:引用 其他bean类型的值
-->
<bean id="customer" class="com.zhc1024.dao.impl.CustomerDaoImpl">
<property name="id" value="1"/>
<property name="age" value="18"/>
<property name="birthday" ref="date"/>
<property name="name" value="李四"/>
</bean>
<!--配置 时间-->
<bean id="date" class="java.util.Date"/>
</beans>
10.3 运行结果
10.4 简化set注入方式
简化set注入方式可以使用p命名空间
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--
导入p名称空间
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
p:属性名="属性值"
-->
<bean id="customer" class="com.zhc1024.dao.impl.CustomerDaoImpl"
p:id="1" p:age="18" p:birthday-ref="date" p:name="王五"
/>
<!--配置 时间-->
<bean id="date" class="java.util.Date"/>
</beans>
10.5 运行结果
10.6 简化构造方法注入方式
修改bean.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<!--
第一步:导入c名称空间
xmlns:c="http://www.springframework.org/schema/c"
第二步:
c:属性名称 ==>给java简单类型成员变量赋值
c:属性名称-ref ==>给其他bean类型成员变量赋值
-->
<bean id="customer" class="com.zhc1024.dao.impl.CustomerDaoImpl"
c:id="1" c:age="18" c:birthday-ref="date" c:name="赵六">
</bean>
<!--配置 时间-->
<bean id="date" class="java.util.Date"/>
</beans>
修改CustomerDaoImpl
package com.zhc1024.dao.impl;
import com.zhc1024.dao.CustomerDao;
import java.util.Date;
public class CustomerDaoImpl implements CustomerDao {
private int id;
private String name;
private int age;
private Date birthday;
public CustomerDaoImpl(int id, String name, int age, Date birthday) {
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.birthday = birthday;
}
/**
* 保存客户操作
*/
public void save() {
System.out.println("id="+id+",name="+name+",age="+age+",birthday="+birthday);
}
}
10.7运行结果
11、两种依赖注入的区别
set注入:spring在实例化一个对象的时候先把该对象实例化,然后再找依赖于这个对象的其他对象实例化;
构造函数注入:在实例化一个对象的时候先把其他依赖于该对象的对象实例化,再把该对象实例化
12、集合属性依赖注入
12.1 修改CustomerDaoImpl
// 集合类型成员变量
private String[] array;
private List<String> list;
private Set<String> set;
private Map<String,String> map;
private Properties prop;
//===========================================set方法
public void setArray(String[] array) {
this.array = array;
}
public void setList(List<String> list) {
this.list = list;
}
public void setSet(Set<String> set) {
this.set = set;
}
public void setMap(Map<String, String> map) {
this.map = map;
}
public void setProp(Properties prop) {
this.prop = prop;
}
/**
* 保存操作
*/
public void saveCustomer() {
System.out.println(array !=null? Arrays.asList(array):"");
System.out.println(list);
System.out.println(set);
System.out.println(map);
System.out.println(prop);
}
12.2 修改bean.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="customer" class="com.zhc1024.dao.impl.CustomerDaoImpl">
<!--数组赋值-->
<property name="array">
<array>
<value>array1</value>
<value>array2</value>
</array>
</property>
<!--list集合赋值-->
<property name="list">
<list>
<value>list1</value>
<value>list2</value>
</list>
</property>
<!--set集合赋值-->
<property name="set">
<set>
<value>set1</value>
<value>set2</value>
</set>
</property>
<!--map集合赋值-->
<property name="map">
<map>
<entry key="1" value="1"/>
<entry key="2" value="2"/>
</map>
</property>
<!--prop-->
<property name="prop">
<props>
<prop key="p1">p1</prop>
<prop key="p2">p2</prop>
</props>
</property>
</bean>
</beans>