C++中的string学习

#include<stdio.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>

using namespace std;

int main(){
	string s="zhuyan",s2;
	//通过下标访问 
	for(int i=0;i<s.length();i++)
		printf("%c",s[i]);
	printf("\n");
	//C++中可直接输出 
	cout<<s<<endl;
	//通过迭代器访问 
	for(auto it=s.begin();it!=s.end();it++)
		printf("%c",*it);
	printf("\n"); 
	
	//C++输入字符串 
	cin>>s2;
	cout<<s2<<endl;
	printf("%s\n",s2.c_str());	//c_str函数把string类型转换成字符数组 
	
	//字符串拼接+= 
	string str1="abc",str2="xyz",str3;
	str3=str1+str2;
	str1+=str2; 
	cout<<str1<<endl;
	cout<<str3<<endl; 
	
	//字符串比较（根据字典序）
	string a="yes",b="hello",c="offline";
	if(a>b)		printf("ok1\n");
	if(a!=c)	printf("ok2\n");
	if(b<=c)	printf("ok3\n"); 
	
	if(str1==str3)	printf("ok4\n");
	//返回string的长度，length和size基本相同 
	printf("%d %d\n",str1.length(),str1.size());
	
	//插入字符串 
	c.insert(c.find('l'),b);
	cout<<c<<endl;
	
	//string::npos是一个常数，本身值为-1，是unsigned_int类型 
	if(string::npos==-1)
		cout<<"-1 is true."<<endl;
//	cout<<string::npos<<endl;
	if(string::npos==18446744073709551615)
		cout<<"18446744073709551615 is also true."<<endl; 
	
	string str4="Thank you for your smile.";
	string str5="you";
	string str6="me";
	
	//find函数 
	if(str4.find(str5)!=string::npos)
		cout<<str4.find(str5)<<endl;	//返回str5在str4中第一次出现的位置 
	if(str4.find(str5,7)!=string::npos)
		cout<<str4.find(str5,7)<<endl;	//从str4的7号位开始匹配str5，返回值与上相同 
	if(str4.find(str6)!=string::npos)
		cout<<str4.find(str6)<<endl;
	else
		cout<<"I know there is no position for me."<<endl;
	 
	//replace函数
	string str7="Maybe you will turn around.";
	string str8="will not";
	string str9="surely";
	//str7从10号位开始，长度为4的子串替换为str8 
	cout<<str7.replace(10,4,str8)<<endl;
	//把str7的迭代器[str7.begin(),str7.begin()+5)范围的子串替换为str9 
	cout<<str7.replace(str7.begin(),str7.begin()+5,str9)<<endl;
	 
	return 0;
}