第三种算法称之为LBP算法,这个算法的思路与PCA和Fisher有很大不同,他是考虑局部特征算子,并不是全局考虑。
这种算法定义了一种LBP特征,这种特征与我们经常见到的Haar特征、HoG特征没有啥太大不同,都是特征算子,只是算法不同。因此,我们按照理解特征算子一类的算法去理解LBP就可以了。
注意,LBP对关照不敏感,为什么?因为LBP算子是一种相对性质的数量关系,相比于PCA或者Fsiher,直接使用灰度值去参与运算,LBP更能反映出的是一种变化趋势。
最后一次当个搬运工
http://blog.csdn.NET/feirose/article/details/39552977,LBP算子写的不算太清楚,但是整个算法的完整流程讲明白了,而且最后如何判定的直方图交叉核和卡方检验都有说明。
http://blog.csdn.Net/pi9nc/article/details/18623971,这个博客的LBP算子说得很好,而且有OpenCV的例程。
注意,这里的样本图像组织形式与前面两个算法又有不同,因为他不需要把图像变成列向量,因此图像矩阵不需要做什么处理就可以加入列表备用了。
代码如下:
- #encoding=utf-8
- import numpy as np
- import os
- import cv2
- class LBP(object):
- def __init__(self,threshold,dsize,blockNum):
- self.dsize = dsize # 统一尺寸大小
- self.blockNum = blockNum # 分割块数目
- self.threshold = threshold # 阈值,暂未使用
- def loadImg(self,fileName,dsize):
- '''''
- 载入图像,灰度化处理,统一尺寸,直方图均衡化
- :param fileName: 图像文件名
- :param dsize: 统一尺寸大小。元组形式
- :return: 图像矩阵
- '''
- img = cv2.imread(fileName)
- retImg = cv2.resize(img,dsize)
- retImg = cv2.cvtColor(retImg,cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)
- retImg = cv2.equalizeHist(retImg)
- # cv2.imshow('img',retImg)
- # cv2.waitKey()
- return retImg
- def loadImagesList(self,dirName):
- '''''
- 加载图像矩阵列表
- :param dirName:文件夹路径
- :return: 包含最原始的图像矩阵的列表和标签矩阵
- '''
- imgList = []
- label = []
- for parent,dirnames,filenames in os.walk(dirName):
- # print parent
- # print dirnames
- # print filenames
- for dirname in dirnames:
- for subParent,subDirName,subFilenames in os.walk(parent+'/'+dirname):
- for filename in subFilenames:
- img = self.loadImg(subParent+'/'+filename,self.dsize)
- imgList.append(img) # 原始图像矩阵不做任何处理,直接加入列表
- label.append(subParent+'/'+filename)
- return imgList,label
- def getHopCounter(self,num):
- '''''
- 计算二进制序列是否只变化两次
- :param num: 数字
- :return: 01变化次数
- '''
- binNum = bin(num)
- binStr = str(binNum)[2:]
- n = len(binStr)
- if n < 8:
- binStr = "0"*(8-n)+binStr
- n = len(binStr)
- counter = 0
- for i in range(n):
- if i != n-1:
- if binStr[i+1] != binStr[i]:
- counter += 1
- else:
- if binStr[0] != binStr[i]:
- counter += 1
- return counter
- def createTable(self):
- '''''
- 生成均匀对应字典
- :return: 均匀LBP特征对应字典
- '''
- self.table = {}
- temp = 1
- print type(temp)
- for i in range(256):
- if self.getHopCounter(i) <= 2:
- self.table[i] = temp
- temp += 1
- else:
- self.table[i] = 0
- return self.table
- def getLBPfeature(self,img):
- '''''
- 计算LBP特征
- :param img:图像矩阵
- :return: LBP特征图
- '''
- m = img.shape[0];n = img.shape[1]
- neighbor = [0]*8
- featureMap = np.mat(np.zeros((m,n)))
- for y in xrange(1,m-1):
- for x in xrange(1,n-1):
- neighbor[0] = img[y-1,x-1]
- neighbor[1] = img[y-1,x]
- neighbor[2] = img[y-1,x+1]
- neighbor[3] = img[y,x+1]
- neighbor[4] = img[y+1,x+1]
- neighbor[5] = img[y+1,x]
- neighbor[6] = img[y+1,x-1]
- neighbor[7] = img[y,x-1]
- center = img[y,x]
- temp = 0
- for k in range(8):
- temp += (neighbor[k] >= center)*(1<<k)
- featureMap[y,x] = self.table[temp]
- featureMap = featureMap.astype('uint8') # 数据类型转换为无符号8位型,如不转换则默认为float64位,影响最终效果
- return featureMap
- def calcHist(self,roi):
- '''''
- 计算直方图
- :param roi:图像区域
- :return: 直方图矩阵
- '''
- hist = cv2.calcHist([roi],[0],None,[59],[0,256]) # 第四个参数是直方图的横坐标数目,经过均匀化降维后这里一共有59种像素
- return hist
- def compare(self,sampleImg,testImg):
- '''''
- 比较函数,这里使用的是欧氏距离排序,也可以使用KNN,在此处更改
- :param sampleImg: 样本图像矩阵
- :param testImg: 测试图像矩阵
- :return: k2值
- '''
- testImg = cv2.resize(testImg,self.dsize)
- testImg = cv2.cvtColor(testImg,cv2.COLOR_RGB2GRAY)
- testFeatureMap = self.getLBPfeature(testImg)
- sampleFeatureMap = self.getLBPfeature(sampleImg)
- # 计算步长,分割整个图像为小块
- ystep = self.dsize[0]/self.blockNum
- xstep = self.dsize[1]/self.blockNum
- k2 = 0
- for y in xrange(0,self.dsize[0],ystep):
- for x in xrange(0,self.dsize[1],xstep):
- testroi = testFeatureMap[y:y+ystep,x:x+xstep]
- sampleroi =sampleFeatureMap[y:y+ystep,x:x+xstep]
- testHist = self.calcHist(testroi)
- sampleHist = self.calcHist(sampleroi)
- k2 += np.sum((sampleHist-testHist)**2)/np.sum((sampleHist+testHist))
- print 'k2的值为',k2
- return k2
- def predict(self,dirName,testImgName):
- '''''
- 预测函数
- :param dirName:样本图像文件夹路径
- :param testImgName: 测试图像文件名
- :return: 最相近图像名称
- '''
- table = self.createTable()
- testImg = cv2.imread(testImgName)
- imgList,label = self.loadImagesList(dirName)
- k2List = []
- for img in imgList:
- k2 = self.compare(img,testImg)
- k2List.append(k2)
- order = np.argsort(k2List)
- return label[order[0]]
- if __name__ == "__main__":
- lbp = LBP(20,(50,50),5)
- ans = lbp.predict('d:/face','d:/face_test/9.bmp')
- print ans