NSOperation 简介
实现多线程步骤
- 先将需要执行的操作封装到一个NSOperation对象中
- 然后将NSOperation对象添加到NSOperationQueue中
- 系统会自动将NSOperationQueue中的NSOperation取出来
- 将取出的NSOperation封装的操作放到一条新线程中执行
NSOperation是个抽象类,并不具备封装操作的能力,必须使用它的子类
- 使用NSOperation子类的方式有3种
- NSInvocationOperation
- NSBlockOperation
- 自定义子类继承NSOperation,实现内部相应的方法
具体使用
- NSInvocationOperation
- (void)invocationOperation
{
NSInvocationOperation *op = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(run) object:nil];
[op start];
}
- (void)run
{
NSLog(@"------%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}
- NSBlockOperation
- (void)blockOperation
{
NSBlockOperation *op = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
// 在主线程
NSLog(@"下载1------%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
// 添加额外的任务(在子线程执行)
[op addExecutionBlock:^{
NSLog(@"下载2------%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
[op addExecutionBlock:^{
NSLog(@"下载3------%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
[op addExecutionBlock:^{
NSLog(@"下载4------%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
[op start];
}
NSOperationQueue
- NSOperation可以调用start方法来执行任务,但默认是同步执行的
- 如果将NSOperation添加到NSOperationQueue(操作队列)中,系统会自动异步执行
NSOperation中的操作
- 主队列
- [NSOperationQueue mainQueue]
- 凡是添加到主队列中的任务(NSOperation),都会放到主线程中执行
- 非主队列(其他队列)
- [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init]
- 同时包含了:串行、并发功能
- 添加到这种队列中的任务(NSOperation),就会自动放到子线程中执行
- 主队列
- (void)operationQueue1
{
// 创建队列
NSOperationQueue *queue = [[NSOperationQueue alloc] init];
// 创建操作(任务)
// 创建NSInvocationOperation
NSInvocationOperation *op1 = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(download1) object:nil];
NSInvocationOperation *op2 = [[NSInvocationOperation alloc] initWithTarget:self selector:@selector(download2) object:nil];
// 创建NSBlockOperation
NSBlockOperation *op3 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"download3 --- %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
[op3 addExecutionBlock:^{
NSLog(@"download4 --- %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
[op3 addExecutionBlock:^{
NSLog(@"download5 --- %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
[queue addOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"download1 --- %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
[queue addOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"download2 --- %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
NSBlockOperation *op4 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"download6 --- %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
// 创建XMGOperation
XMGOperation *op5 = [[XMGOperation alloc] init];
// 添加任务到队列中
[queue addOperation:op1]; // [op1 start]
[queue addOperation:op2]; // [op2 start]
[queue addOperation:op3]; // [op3 start]
[queue addOperation:op4]; // [op4 start]
[queue addOperation:op5]; // [op5 start]
}
- (void)download1
{
NSLog(@"download1 --- %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}
- (void)download2
{
NSLog(@"download2 --- %@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}
- 自定义Operation
//.h文件中
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
//继承自 NSOperation
@interface XMGOperation : NSOperation
//.m文件中 重写main方法
/**
* 需要执行的任务
*/
- (void)main
{
for (NSInteger i = 0; i<1000; i++) {
NSLog(@"download1 -%zd-- %@", i, [NSThread currentThread]);
}
//判断是否取消了任务
if (self.isCancelled) return;
}
//引用位置
XMGOperation *op5 = [[XMGOperation alloc] init];
[queue addOperation:op5]; // [op5 start]
@end
- 最大并发数
- 默认为 -1 不限制并发数
// 设置最大并发操作数
// queue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 2;
queue.maxConcurrentOperationCount = 1; // 就变成了串行队列
- 队列的取消、暂停、恢复
if (self.queue.isSuspended) {
// 恢复队列,继续执行
self.queue.suspended = NO;
} else {
// 暂停(挂起)队列,暂停执行
self.queue.suspended = YES;
}
//取消所有操作
[self.queue cancelAllOperations];
操作依赖
- [operationB addDependency:operationA]; // 操作B依赖于操作A
- 添加之前设置
- 可以跨队列依赖
操作的监听
NSBlockOperation *op5 = [NSBlockOperation blockOperationWithBlock:^{
NSLog(@"download5----%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
}];
op5.completionBlock = ^{
NSLog(@"op5执行完毕---%@", [NSThread currentThread]);
};
- 线程间的通讯
/**
* 线程之间的通信
*/
- (void)test
{
[[[NSOperationQueue alloc] init] addOperationWithBlock:^{
// 图片的网络路径
NSURL *url = [NSURL URLWithString:@"http://img.pconline.com.cn/images/photoblog/9/9/8/1/9981681/200910/11/1255259355826.jpg"];
// 加载图片
NSData *data = [NSData dataWithContentsOfURL:url];
// 生成图片
UIImage *image = [UIImage imageWithData:data];
// 回到主线程
[[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperationWithBlock:^{
self.imageView.image = image;
}];
}];
}
- 注:资料多是自己网上摘抄整理的,记录下来以便学习查询之用,严格原创出处不便考证以注明,若有侵权实属无意,敬请见谅!
不严谨! 条件所限,很多知识点现在还吃不透,日后发现错误再做修改。