1、微服务调用Ribbon
简介
前面讲了eureka服务注册与发现,但是结合eureka集群的服务调用没讲。
这里的话 就要用到Ribbon,结合eureka,来实现服务的调用;
Ribbon是Netflix发布的负载均衡器,它有助于控制HTTP和TCP的客户端的行为。为Ribbon配置服务提供者地址后,Ribbon就可基于某种负载均衡算法,自动地帮助服务消费者去请求。Ribbon默认为我们提供了很多负载均衡算法,例如轮询、随机等。当然,我们也可为Ribbon实现自定义的负载均衡算法。
在Spring Cloud中,当Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时,Ribbon可自动从Eureka Server获取服务提供者地址列表,并基于负载均衡算法,请求其中一个服务提供者实例。展示了Ribbon与Eureka配合使用时的架构。
初步应用
Ribbon是客户端负载均衡,所以肯定集成再消费端,也就是consumer端
我们修改microservice-student-consumer-80
首先,引入依赖,pom.xml 加入 ribbon相关依赖
<!--ribbon相关依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-ribbon</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
application.yml加
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://eureka2001.javaxl.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.javaxl.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.javaxl.com:2003/eureka/
register-with-eureka: false
ribbon结合eureka来调用服务提供者;
SpringCloudConfig也改成 要加个负载均衡配置 @LoadBalanced
package com.zyc.microservicestudentconsumer80.config;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class SpringCloudConfig {
// 消费者要访问生产者的方法需要使用http请求封装的RestTemplate类来访问
@LoadBalanced // 引入ribbon负载均衡
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
}
因为和eureka整合,所以启动类StudentConsumerApplication_80 加个注解 @EnableEurekaClient
这里还有一个,要修改下StudentConsumerController的PRE_HOST,改成指定的微服务应用名称;
当然这里要先在服务提供者microservice-student-provider-1001的application.yml加下配置,指定下应用名称:
application:
name: microservice-student
我们的微服务应用名称是 microservice-student
所以服务调用者这边的控制器里PRE_HOST改成 http://MICROSERVICE-STUDENT即可;
MICROSERVICE-STUDENT为Eureka注册中心的应用名称(就是上面图面的内容)
记得在消费端的名字要大写
上面配置好后,我们可以测试下;
先启动三个eureka,然后再启动服务提供者,再启动服务消费者;
结果就出来了,说明配置OK;
从消费端直接访问服务端变成了消费端从注册中心找服务端在注册中心注册的服务
2、Ribbon负载均衡
生产者集群
按照它microservice-student-provider-1001建立一个microservice-student-provider子项目,然后将microservice-student-provider-1001这个子项目干掉;
前面搭建了初步例子,但是还没实现真正负载均衡,我们这里要先搞三个服务提供者集群,然后才能演示负载均衡,以及负载均衡策略;
新建项目microservice-student-provider-1002,microservice-student-provider-1003
pom.xml,application.yml,以及’1类都复制一份,启动类名称对应的改下;
yml配置文件有两处要对应的改下,port端口改下,以及服务实例名称改下;
相关pom
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<parent>
<groupId>com.zyc</groupId>
<artifactId>t226microservice</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<artifactId>microservice-student-provider</artifactId>
<properties>
<java.version>1.8</java.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
<artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- 修改后立即生效,热部署 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!--添加注册中心Eureka相关配置-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-eureka</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-config</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.zyc</groupId>
<artifactId>microservice-common</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- actuator监控引入 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
</project>
yml文件
---
server:
port: 1001
context-path: /
spring:
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
username: root
password: 123
#jpa:
#hibernate:
#ddl-auto: update
#show-sql: true
application:
name: microservice-student
profiles: provider-1001
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
appname: microservice-student
instance-id: microservice-student:1001
prefer-ip-address: true
client:
service-url:
#向注册中心注册服务
defaultZone: http://eureka2001.zyc.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.zyc.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.zyc.com:2003/eureka/
info:
groupId: com.zyc.testSpringcloud
artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1001
version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
userName: http://zyc.com
phone: 123456
---
server:
port: 1002
context-path: /
spring:
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
username: root
password: 123
#jpa:
#hibernate:
#ddl-auto: update
#show-sql: true
application:
name: microservice-student
profiles: provider-1002
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
appname: microservice-student
instance-id: microservice-student:1002
prefer-ip-address: true
client:
service-url:
#向注册中心注册服务
defaultZone: http://eureka2001.zyc.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.zyc.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.zyc.com:2003/eureka/
info:
groupId: com.zyc.testSpringcloud
artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1002
version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
userName: http://zyc.com
phone: 123456
---
server:
port: 1003
context-path: /
spring:
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mysql?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf8
username: root
password: 123
#jpa:
#hibernate:
#ddl-auto: update
#show-sql: true
application:
name: microservice-student
profiles: provider-1003
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
appname: microservice-student
instance-id: microservice-student:1003
prefer-ip-address: true
client:
service-url:
#向注册中心注册服务
defaultZone: http://eureka2001.zyc.com:2001/eureka/,http://eureka2002.zyc.com:2002/eureka/,http://eureka2003.zyc.com:2003/eureka/
info:
groupId: com.zyc.testSpringcloud
artifactId: microservice-student-provider-1003
version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
userName: http://zyc.com
phone: 123456
然后把原来的测试代码和启动类全部复制到此项目就行了。
我们要具体展示负载均衡的效果还需要加上以下方法:
服务端的控制层
@Value("${server.port}")
private String port;
@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public String ribbon(){
return "工号【"+port+"】正在为您服务";
}
消费者的控制层
@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public String ribbon(){
return restTemplate.getForObject(SERVER_IP_PORT + "/student/ribbon", String.class);
}
3、Feign简介及应用
简介
声明式服务调用Feign简单介绍下;
Feign是一个声明式的Web Service客户端,它使得编写Web Serivce客户端变得更加简单。我们只需要使用Feign来创建一个接口并用注解来配置它既可完成。它具备可插拔的注解支持,包括Feign注解和JAX-RS注解。Feign也支持可插拔的编码器和解码器。Spring Cloud为Feign增加了对Spring MVC注解的支持,还整合了Ribbon和Eureka来提供均衡负载的HTTP客户端实现。
这段话看起来比较懵逼,这里说下实际使用,前面Ribbon调用服务提供者,我们通过restTemplate调用,缺点是,多个地方调用,同一个请求要写多次,不方便统一维护,这时候Feign来了,就直接把请求统一搞一个service作为FeignClient,然后其他调用Controller需要用到的,直接注入service,直接调用service方法即可;同时Feign整合了Ribbon和Eureka,所以要配置负载均衡的话,直接配置Ribbon即可,无其他特殊地方;当然Fiegn也整合了服务容错保护,断路器Hystrix,后面再说。
将生产者里的方法抽取到通用模块(通过服务端名字)变成一个service,然后消费端进行使用service
新建一个Feign消费者项目;
参考microservice-student-consumer-80建一个microservice-student-consumer-feign-80
代码都复制一份,包括pom.xml
pom依赖与之前的消费者只是增加了feign的依赖
<!--引入Feign依赖-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-feign</artifactId>
</dependency>
我们还可以自定义调用规则
package com.zyc.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80.config;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.IRule;
import com.netflix.loadbalancer.RetryRule;
import org.springframework.cloud.client.loadbalancer.LoadBalanced;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
@Configuration
public class SpringCloudConfig {
// 消费者要访问生产者的方法需要使用http请求封装的RestTemplate类来访问
@LoadBalanced // 引入ribbon负载均衡
@Bean
public RestTemplate getRestTemplate(){
return new RestTemplate();
}
/**
* 自定义调用规则(服务提供者掉线后不再调用,解决轮询问题)
* @return
*/
@Bean
public IRule myRule(){
return new RetryRule();
// return new RandomRule();
}
}
yml文件与之前配置没有什么不同,但是启动类要加上feign的注解
package com.zyc.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.jdbc.DataSourceAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.EnableFeignClients;
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients(value = "com.zyc.*.*")
@SpringBootApplication(exclude={DataSourceAutoConfiguration.class, HibernateJpaAutoConfiguration.class})
public class MicroserviceStudentConsumerFeign80Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(MicroserviceStudentConsumerFeign80Application.class, args);
}
}
使用feign就是将之前使用微服务名称直接调用方法改为了常规service调用方法,而service被抽取到了通用模块
package com.zyc.microservicecommon.service;
import com.zyc.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.feign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import java.util.List;
/**
* Student Feign接口客户端
* @author Administrator
*
*/
@FeignClient(value="MICROSERVICE-STUDENT")
public interface StudentClientService {
/**
* 根据id查询学生信息
* @param id
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value="/student/get/{id}")
public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
/**
* 查询学生信息
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value="/student/list")
public List<Student> list();
/**
* 添加或者修改学生信息
* @param student
* @return
*/
@PostMapping(value="/student/save")
public boolean save(Student student);
/**
* 根据id删除学生信息
* @return
*/
@GetMapping(value="/student/delete/{id}")
public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
@RequestMapping("/student/ribbon")
public String ribbon();
}
通用模块记得加上feign的pom依赖
使用feign之后消费端的控制层
package com.zyc.microservicestudentconsumerfeign80.controller;
import com.zyc.microservicecommon.entity.Student;
import com.zyc.microservicecommon.service.StudentClientService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import java.util.List;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/student")
public class StudentConsumerController {
@Autowired
private StudentClientService studentClientService;
@Autowired
private RestTemplate restTemplate;
@PostMapping(value = "/save")
private boolean save(Student student) {
return studentClientService.save(student);
}
@GetMapping(value = "/list")
public List<Student> list() {
return studentClientService.list();
}
@GetMapping(value = "/get/{id}")
public Student get(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
return studentClientService.get(id);
}
@GetMapping(value = "/delete/{id}")
public boolean delete(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
try {
studentClientService.delete(id);
return true;
} catch (Exception e) {
return false;
}
}
@RequestMapping("/ribbon")
public String ribbon(){
return studentClientService.ribbon();
}
}
测试的话与上面没有什么不同,
但是我们自定义了调用规则后:
之前就算服务端2挂载了也会访问,
而使用了自定义规则就不会访问挂载的服务端了,
让用户的使用更加舒适。